History of the Expedition Under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to ... - Meriwether Lewis, William Clark - Google Books

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DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit:

BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the twenty-second day of January, in the thirty-eighth year of the independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1814, Bradford & Inskeep, of the said district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit:

"History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to the Sources of the Missouri, thence across the Rocky Mountains, and down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean. Performed during the Years 1804-5-6, by order of the Government of the United States. Prepared for the press by Paul Allen, Esquire."

In conformity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled " An act for "the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, **to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned." And also to the act, entitled, "An act supplementary to an act, entitled, " An "act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and "books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein men"tioned," and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints."

DAVID CALDWELL,

Clerk of the District of Pennsylvania.

LENOY

NEW YORK

Checked
May 1913

CONTENTS

The party proceed in canoes. Description of an Indian sweating bath and

burial place. Many dangerous rapids passed. Narrow escape of one of the ca

noes. In the passage down they are visited by several Indians, all of whom

manifest pacific dispositions. Description of the Sokulk tribe. Their dress, and

manner of building houses. Their pacific character. Their habits of living.

Their mode of boiling salmon. Vast quantities of salmon amongst the Sokulk.

Council held with this tribe. The terror and consternation excited by cap.

tain Clark, concerning which an interesting cause is related. Some account

of the Pisquitpaws. Their mode of burying the dead.

The party in their passage still visited by the Indians. Lepage's river de-

scribed. Immense quantities of salmon caught by the Indians. Description of

the river Towahnahiooks. Indian mode of stacking fish, and preparing them

for market. Description of the great falls. Description of an Indian canoe.

Alarm excited by an anticipated attack from the Eheltoots. A very dangerous

rapid passed in safety, called by the Indians the Falls. Account of the Indian

houses in the neighbourhood. Another dreadful rapid passed without inju

ry. Some account of the Chilluckittequaw Indians. Captain Clark exa-

mines the great rapids. Description of an Indian burial place. The rapids

passed in safety.

First appearance of tide water in the Columbia river. Description of the

Quicksand river. Some account of the Skilloot Indians. The party pass the

river Coweliskee. Some account of the Wahkiacum Indians. Arrival on the

borders of the Pacific. Disagreeable and critical situation of the party when

first encamped. Their distress occasioned by the incessant torrents of rain.

Exposed for thirty days to this drenching deluge, during which time their

provisions are spoiled, and most of their few articles of merchandise destroy-

ed. Distress of the party. Adventure of Shannon and his danger from the

Wahkiacums. Difficulty of finding a place suitable for a permanent en-

campment. Visited by several Indians of different tribes, on whom medals

Extravagant passion of the natives for blue beads, which constitute amongst

them the circulating medium of the country. The party still in search of a

suitable place for winter quarters. Still suffering from the constant deluges of

rain. Are visited by the Indians, with whom they traffic but little, on account

of the extravagant prices they ask for every article. Return of captain Lewis

who reports that he has found a suitable place for winter quarters. The rain

still continues. They prepare to form an encampment on a point of high land

on the banks of the river Nutel. Captain Clark goes with a party to find

a place suitable for the manufacture of salt. He is hospitably entertained by

the Clatsops. This tribe addicted to the vice of gambling. Sickness of some

of the party, occasioned by the incessant rains. They form, notwithstanding,

a permanent encampment for their winter quarters.'

A party, headed by captain Clark, go in quest of a whale driven on the shore

of the Pacific to obtain some of the oil. They pass Clatsop river, which is de-

scribed. The perilous nature of this jaunt, and the grandeur of the scenery

described. Indian mode of extracting whale oil. The life of one of captain

Clark's party preserved by the kindness of an Indian woman.
A short ac-

count of the Chinnooks, of the Clatsops, Killamucks, the Lucktons, and an

enumeration of several other tribes. The manner of sepulchre among the

Chinnooks, Clatsops, &c. Description of their weapons of war and hunting.

Their mode of building houses. Their manufactures, and cookery. Their

mode of making canoes. Their great dexterity in managing that vehicle.

An account of the Clatsops, Killamucks, Chinnooks and Cathlamahs. Their

uniform custom of flattening the forehead. The dress of these savages, and

their ornaments, described. The licensed prostitution of the women, married

and unmarried, of which a ludicrous instance is given. The character of their

diseases. The common opinion, that the treatment of women is the stand-

ard by which the virtues of an Indian may be known, combatted, and dispro-

ved by examples. The respect entertained by these Indians for old age, com-

pared with the different conduct of those nations who subsist by the chase.

Their mode of government. Their ignorance of ardent spirits, and their fond-

ness for gambling. Their dexterity in traffic. In what articles their traffic

consists. Their extraordinary attachment to blue beads, which forms their

circulating medium.

A general description of the beasts, birds, and plants, &c. found by the par-

ty in this expedition.

Difficulty of procuring means of subsistence for the party. They deter

mine to resume their journey to the mountains. They leave in the hands of

the Indians a written memorandum, importing their having penetrated to

the Pacific, through the route of the Missouri and Columbia, and through the

Rocky mountains. The party commence their return route. Dexterity of the

Cathlamah Indians in carving. Description of the Coweliskee river. They

experience much hospitality from the natives. An instance of the extreme vo-

racity of the vulture. The party are visited by many strange Indianɛ, all of

whom are kind and hospitable. Scarcity of game, and embarrassments of the

party on that account. Captain Clark discovers a tribe not seen in the de-

scent down the Columbia. Singular adventure to obtain provisions from them.

Particular description of the Multnomah village and river. Description of

mount Jefferson. Some account by captain Clark of the Neerchokio tribe,

and of their architecture. Their sufferings by the small-pox.

Description of Wappatoo island, and the mode in which the nations gather

wappatoo. The character of the soil and its productions. The numerous tribes

residing in its vicinity. The probability that they were all of the tribe of the

Multnomahs originally, inferred from similarity of dress, manners, language,

&c. Description of their dress, weapons of war, their mode of burying the

dead. Description of another village, called the Wahclellah village. Their

mode of architecture. Extraordinary height of Beacon rock. Unfriendly

character of the Indians at that place. The party, alarmed for their safety,

resolve to inflict summary vengeance, in case the Wahclellah tribe persist in

their outrages and insults. Interview with the chief of that tribe, and confi-

dence restored. Difficulty of drawing the canoes over the rapids. Visited by a

party of the Yehugh tribe. Short notice of the Weocksockwillackum tribe.

Curious phenomenon observed in the Columbia, from the Rapids to the Chil-

Captain Clark procures four horses for the transportation of the baggage.

Some further account of the Skilloot tribe. Their joy at the first appearance

of salmon in the Columbia. Their thievish propensities. The party arrive at

the village of the Eneeshurs, where the natives are found alike unfriendly.

The party now provided with horses. The party prevented from the exer-

cise of hostility against this nation by a friendly adjustment. The scarcity of

timber so great that they are compelled to buy wood to cook their provisions.

Arrive at the Wahhowpum village. Dance of the natives. Their ingenuity

in declining to purchase the canoes, on the supposition that the party would

be compelled to leave them behind defeated. The party having obtained a com-

เ

plement of horses, proceed by land. Arrive at the Pishquitpah village, and

some account of that people. Their frank and hospitable treatment from the

Wollawollahs. Their mode of dancing described. Their mode of making fish-

weirs. Their amiable character, and their unusual affection for the whites. 244

The party still pursue their route towards the Kooskooskee on horseback

with Wollawollah guides. Character of the country. The quamash and other

flowering shrubs in bloom. The party reach the Kinnooenim creek. They

meet with an old acquaintance called the Bighorn Indian. They arrive at the

mouth of the Kooskooskee. Singular custom among the Chopunnish women.

Difficulty of purchasing provisions from the natives, and the new resort of

the party to obtain them. The Chopunnish style of architecture. Captain

Clark turns physician, and performs several experiments with success upon

the natives, which they reward. An instance of their honesty. The distress

of the Indians for want of provisions during the winter. The party finally

meet the Twistedhair, to whom was entrusted their horses during their jour

ney down. The quarrel between that chief and another of his nation, on the

subject of his horses. The causes of this controversy stated at large. The two

chiefs reconciled by the interference of the party, and the horses restored.

Extraordinary instance of Indian hospitality towards strangers. A council held

with the Chopunnish, and the object of the expedition explained in a very

circuitous route of explanation. The party again perform medical cures. The

answer of the Chopunnish to the speech delivered at the council, confirmed

by a singular ceremony of acquiescence. They promise faithfully to follow

the advice of their visiters.

The party encamp amongst the Chopunnish, and receive further evidences

of their hospitality. The Indian mode of boiling bear-flesh. Of gelding horses.

Their mode of decoying the deer within reach of their arrows. Character of

the soil and climate in the Rocky mountains. Varieties of climate. Character

of the natives. Their dress and ornaments. Mode of burying the dead. The

party administer medical relief to the natives. One of the natives restored

to the use of his limbs by sweating, and the curious process by which perspi

ration was excited. Another proof of Chopunnish hospitality. Success of

their sweating prescription on the Indian chief. Description of the horn-

ed lizzard, and a variety of insects. The attachment of the friends of a dying

Indian to a tomahawk which he had stolen from the party, and which they

desired to bury with the body. Description of the river Toinmanamah. The

Indians return an answer to a proposition made by the party.

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