Let's drink together friendly, and embrace;
That all their eyes may bear those tokens home
Of our restored love and amity. Id. Henry IV.
Not friended by his wish to your high person,
His will is most malignant, and it stretches
Beyond you to your friends.

Shakspeare.

I know that we shall have him well to friend. Id. When vice makes mercy, mercy 's so extended, That, for the fault's love, is the' offender friended. Id.

Gracious, my lord, hard-by here is a hovel : Some friendship will it lend you 'gainst the tempest : Repose you there. Id. King Lear.

There is little friendship in the world, and least of all between equals, which was wont to be magnified; that that is, is between superior and inferior, whose fortunes may comprehend the one the other. Bacon.

If she repent, and would make me amends, Bid her but send me hers, and we are friends.

Carew. False friendship, like the ivy, decays, and ruins the walls it embraces; but true friendship gives new life and animation to the object it supports. Burton.

Hope! thou sad lover's only friend!
Thou way that may'st dispute it with the end!
For love I fear 's a fruit that does delight
The taste itself less than the smell than sight.

Cowley. Let all the intervals be employed in prayers, charity, friendliness and neighbourhood, and means of Taylor. spiritual and corporal health.

Milton.

Not that Nephente, which the wife of Thone In Egypt gave to Jove-born Helena, Is of such power to stir up joy as this, To life so friendly, or so cool to thirst. What supports me, dost thou ask? The conscience, friend, t' have lost mine eyes o'erplyed In liberty's defence.

Thou to mankind

Be good and friendly still, and oft return. The friendly leadstone has not more combined Than bishops cramped the commerce of mankind.

Id.

Id.

Marvell.

The king ordains their entrance, and ascends His regal seat, surrounded by his friends.

Id.

Id.

To what new crime, what distant sky, Forsaken, friendless, will ye fly?

Scrift.

His friendships, still to few confined,
Were always of the middling kind.
What watchful care must fence that weary state,
Which deadly foes begirt with cruel siege;

And frailest wall of glass, and trait'rous gate
Strive which should first yield up their woeful siege!
By enemies assailed, by friends betrayed
When others hurt, himself refuses aid:

By weakness 'self, his strength is foiled and overlayed. Fletcher's Purple Island.

At the same time that you carefully decline the friendship of knaves and fools, if it can be called friendship, there is no occasion to make either of them your enemies, wantonly and unprovoked; for they are numerous bodies; and I would rather choose a secure neutrality, than an alliance or war, with either of them. Chesterfield.

How bright soe'er the prospect seems,
All thoughts of Friendship are but dreams
If envy chance to creep in ;

An envious, if you succeed,

May prove a dangerous foe indeed,

But not a Friend worth keeping.

FRIENDLY ISLANDS, a group, or archipelago of islands in the Southern Pacific Ocean, of very considerable extent, and consisting of more than 100 islands, the greater part of which are either bare rocks or shoals, or barren and desert. The following are the most important that have been enumerated :-Amsterdam, as it was called by Tasman, who discovered it in 1642, now more generally known by the native names Tonga, or Tongataboo; Annamooka, or Rotterdam, according to Tasman; Eooa, called by Tasman, Middleburgh; the Hapaee Islands, namely, Haanno, Foa, Lefooga, and Hoolawa; Mayorga, a group of islands about 100 miles north of Hapaee, discovered in 1781 by Maurelle, the Spanish navegator, and visited by Edwards in 1791, by whom the group was named Howe's Islands; Neootabootaboo, and Kootahe, discovered by Schouten and Lemaire in 1616, and visited by captain Wallis in 1767, who called them Keppel's and Boscawen's Islands; Toofoa, or Amattafoa; Hamoa and Vavaoo. The Fedjee Islands have also been sometimes included. Captain Cook gave them this name from what he observed of their friendly disposition; and to his Voyages we owe the principal knowledge of them: but more modern navigators have, as we shall see, coosiderably qualified his eulogium on their character. The general appearance of these islands is throughout very similar.

Tongataboo, i. e. Sacred Island, is the largest and best known of the group, being twenty leagues in circumference E. S. E. and W.N.W. The south, east, and west, shores are formed of steep coral rocks, ten to twelve feet high, with intervals of sandy beach, on which, at low water, a line of black rocks is observed. The north shore is level with the water, bordered by a sandy beach, and lined with shoals and islets. The whole island is low and level, and its appearance conveys an idea of the most exuberant fertility; the entire surface being covered with verdure, and amongst the trees the cocoa palm raises its head pre-eminent; unhappily, however, the island is deficient in fresh water, and what there is, in general, is very indifferent.

The coral rock, which forms the base of the islaud, is in many places naked; but the soil in other parts is of considerable depth, and is in the cultivated grounds a black vegetable mould over a sub-stratum of clay. In the lowest ground the soil is a mere coral sand, but still covered with vegetation. The only stones, except coral, observed on the island, are small blue pebbles, and a smooth black stone, lapis lydius, of which the natives make their hatchets; but it is not certain that both these are not brought from other islands. The following description of a village, from captain Cook, will give a general idea of the dwellings of the natives:

'It is delightfully situated on the bank of the inlet, where all or most of the principal persons of the island reside, each having his house in the midst of a small plantation, with lesser houses and offices for servants. These plantations are neatly fenced round, and, for the most part, have only one entrance. This is by a door fastened on the inside by a prop of wood, so that a person has to knock before he can get admittance. Public roads and narrow lanes lie between each plantation, so that no one trespasseth upon another. Great part of some of these enclosures is laid out in grass-plats, and planted with such things as seem more for ornament than use; but hardly any were without the kava-plant, from which they make their favorite liquor. Every article of the vegetable produce of the island abounded in others of these plantations; but these, I observed, are not the residence of people of the first rank. There are some large houses near the public roads, with spacious smooth grass-plats before them, and unenclosed. These, I was told, belonged to the king; and, probably, they are the places where their public assemblies are held.' This island has the best harbour of the group, within several islands and reefs on the north side.

Annamooka, the Rotterdam of Tasman, is more elevated than the small islands which surround it, but still can be considered only as a low island. In the centre is a salt lake, one mile and a half broad, round which the land rises with a gradual ascent, and its surface is covered with wild ducks. The north shore is composed of steep coral cliffs, nine or ten feet high, with some intervals of sandy beach. There is no stone but toral on the island, except a single rock twenty to thirty feet high, of a yellow calcareous and very hard stone. The population captain Cook VOL. IX.

estimated at 2,000. The water on the island is better than that at Tongataboo, but yet is indifferent: the best is procured by digging holes near the side of the lake. Fruit is more abundant on this island than on the former, and the undulating surface gives it a more pleasingly varied appearance.

Eooa, the Middleburg of Tasman, may be considered as an elevated island, in comparison with the generality of those of these seas, being visible twelve leagues. The highest part is on the southeast, and is almost flat, whence it declines very gently towards the sea, and presents an extensive prospect, where groves of trees are only interspersed at irregular distances, in beautiful disorder, and the rest of the land covered with grass. Near the shore it is shaded with trees, among which the natives dwell. On the northwest side is English Road, where boats may always land; and captain Cook found some good water in this direction.

Happee, though considered by the natives as one island, is in reality composed of four very low islands, about half a mile distant from each other, lying north-east and south-west, but all joined by coral reefs, which are dry at low water. The whole occupies a space of nineteen miles in length, and each island is about six or seven miles long, and two to four miles broad. Lefooga is well cultivated and inhabited. Hoolaiva, on the contrary, is entirely desert and abandoned. On each of these islands is an artificial mount, said by the natives to be erected in memory of some of their chiefs. The only water either of these islands possesses is from very brackish wells.

Between Happee and Annamooka the sea is sprinkled with islets and reefs, two of which only deserve notice, Toofooa and Kao. The former is a volcano, which, according to the natives, sometimes throws out large stones; and while captain Cook was here smoke and flames issued from it. It is inhabited.

Kao is north-west two miles and a half from Toofooa, and is a vast rock of a conical figure. The other islands in the vicinity are mere coral reefs, from a mile to half a mile in circumference, but all covered with verdure, and particularly cocoa palms.

Komango has a pretty large pond of tolerabl water, but no appearance of a running stream.

Kootoo is two miles long, and nearly the same breadth. Its north-west end is low, but it rises suddenly towards the middle; and on the southeast it terminates in reddish clayey cliffs. It is cultivated and inhabited. Its only water is from dirty and brackish ponds.

From the situation of the Friendly Islands towards the tropic, the climate is more variable than nearer the equator. The winds are usually from some point between south and east, and when moderate the weather is fair, but when fresh there is often rain. They sometimes veer to the north, and even north-west, with hot sultry weather, and heavy rain; but these winds never last long, nor blow fresh. All the vegetable productions are evergreens: of cultivated fruits the principal are plantains, of which there are thirteen varieties; the bread-fruit, the jambu, and 2 S

ellvee, the latter a kind of plum, and the shaddock. Besides cocoa-nuts, they have three other kinds of palms. There is also a species of wild fig, which is sometimes eaten. The other cultivated vegetables are sugar-cane, bamboo, gourds, turmeric, yams of two sorts, one black and very large, the other white and small. A large root called kappe, and one not unlike our white potatoe, the manioc, and the jee jee.

The only quadrupeds, besides hogs, are a few rats, and some dogs, which are not originally natives of this group, but were introduced by captain Cook in his second voyage; and some were also brought from the Fidjee Islands. A large breed of fowls is found in a domestic state. The birds are parrots and parroquets, owls, cuckoos, kingfishers, and a bird the size of a thrush, which is the only one that sings, but which compensates the want of others by the strength and melody of its notes. The other land birds are rails, of two kinds, one as large as a pigeon, the other not bigger than a lark; coots, fly-catchers, a very small swallow, and three sorts of pigeons, one of which is the bronzewinged. The water fowl are ducks, blue and white herons, tropic birds, noddies, two species of terns, a small curlew, and a large plover spotted with yellow. There are also the large bat, or flying fox, and the common sort The only noxious or disagreeable reptiles and insects are sea-snakes, scorpions, and centipedes, guanas, and small lizards. Amongst the insects are beautiful moths, butterflies, and very large spiders, making in the whole about fifty species.

The fish of the coasts and reefs are abundan', and the shell-fish in particular, in great variety: among them are the true hammer, and pearloyster.

In all the islands good water is arce it is indeed to be found in most of them, but either in so small a quantity, or in situations so inconvenient, as rarely to serve the purpose of navigators. The natives of the Friendly Islands seldom exceed the middle size, but are strong, wellmade, and of very various features: among them, we are told, are many true European countenances, and Roman noses. Their eyes and teeth are good, but the latter not very white, or well set. The women are not so much distinguished from the men by their features as by their shape, which is much more delicate; and, though there are some very beautiful females to be met with, they are not common. The general color is a shade deeper than the copper brown, but many of both sexes have an olive complexion, and some of the women are even much fairer. Their hair is in general straight, thick, and strong, though a few have it brushy or frizzled: the men cut their beards short, and both sexes eradicate the hair from under their arms. Both men and women are partially tattooed. The natural color is black, but most of the men, and some of the women, have it stained of a brown, or purple color, and a few of an orange cast. Their countenances express cheerfulness, mildness, and good nature, though sometimes in the presence of their chiefs they assume an air of gravity, which, however, is evidently foreign to their general character.

The graceful air and firm step with which they in general walk, are proofs of their personal accomplishments, and their moral qualities have been described as highly estimable: captain Cook found them frank, good humored, industrious, ingenious, and persevering; above all, most hospitable, and courting an intercourse by barter, which they seemed to understand perfectly. Both sexes and all ages are said, however, to exhibr a strong propensity to thieving from strangers, but thefts among themselves seem to be uscommon.

There are few natural defects or deformities to be found amongst them, nor do they appear subject to numerous, or acute diseases. Amongst those with which they are occasionally afflicted are a sort of blindness, caused by a disease of the cornea, the ring-worm, and an indolent swelling of the legs and arms.

The dress of both sexes consists of a piece of cloth, or matting, wound once and a half round the waist, where it is confined by a girdle or cord; it is double before, and hangs down like a petticoat to the middle of the leg; the upper part above the girdle is formed into several folds, so that there is sufficient cloth to draw up and wrap round the shoulders. The size of this gar ment is in proportion to the consequence of the wearer, the inferior class being content with very small ones, and often wearing nothing but a piece of narrow cloth, or matting, like a sash, and called a maro, which they pass between the thighs, and wrap round the waist, but the use of it is chiefly confined to the men. In their great entertainments they have dresses made for the purpose of the same form, but covered with red feathers. Both men and women shade their faces from the sun with little bonnets of various materials. The ornaments of both sexes are necklaces of the fruit of the pandanus, and various sweet-smelling flowers, of small shells, sharks' teeth, and other things. On the upper part of the arm they sometimes wear a polished mother of pearl shell ring, rings of tortoise-shell on the fingers, and a number of these joined together as bracelets. The lobes of the ears, though most frequently but one, are perforated with two holes, in which they wear cylindrical bits of ivory or reed, three inches long, thrust in at one hole, and out at the other. The women rub themselves all over with the powder of turmeric. They frequently bathe in the fresh water ponds, though the water in most of them stinks intolerably, and these they prefer to the sea-water, which they think hurts their skin. They rub their bodies all over, and particularly their heads, with cocoanut oil, which preserves the skin smooth and soft.

Their mode of life is a medium between indolence and labor. The climate, and the natural fertility of the soil, render the latter unnecessary, and their active disposition is a bar to the former. The female employments are generally confined to domestic concerns, and the manufac turing cloth and mats, which latter are used for dress, for sleeping on, and for mere ornament the last being made from the tough membraneous part of the stock of the plantain-tree, and those for clothing of the pandanus, cultivated for that purpose.

The men are laborious agriculturists, architects, and fishermen : boat-building is also one of their principal employments.

Cultivated roots forming the chief part of their food, they have brought them to considerable perfection. Their plantain walks and yam fields are very extensive, and are enclosed by neat reed fences. These vegetables are planted in regular lines, with a kind of wooden spade, three or four inches broad. The cocoa-nut and bread-fruit are scattered without regularity, and require no trouble after they are at a certain height.

Their habitations, particularly of the lower class, are but very poor, scarcely capable of sheltering them from the weather; those of the higher orders are neither agreeable nor comfortable. The dimensions of one of a middle size are about thirty feet long, twenty broad, and twelve high: it is a kind of thatched shed, supported by posts and rafters, and roofed with matting and branches of the cocoa-nut tree. The whole of their furniture consists of a bowl or two (in which they make their kava), gourds, cocoa-nut shells, small wooden stools, which serve for pillows, and a large stool for the head of the family to sit on. Their houses are, however, of little other use than to sleep in, and shelter them from the weather, for they usually take their meals in the open air. In the construction of their boats they show much ingenuity and dexterity, though their tools are only adzes of a smooth black stone, augers of sharks' teeth, and rasps of the rough skin of a fish, fixed on flat slips of wood. The implement, which they use as knives are of shells. Their fishing-lines are made from the fibres of the cocoa-nut husk, plaited; and the large cordage, by twisting several of these plaits together Their small fishing-hooks are entirely of pearl shell, but the large ones are only covered with it on the back, the points or barbs being of tortoise-shell. They have also nets, some of which are of a very delicate texture: these they use to catch the fish which remain in the holes of the reefs, when the tide is out.

The other employments are making musica reeds, flutes, waike weapons, and stools, or pillows. The reeds have eight, nine, or ten pieces placed parallel to each other, but not in any regular progression, so that none of them have more than six notes; and the flutes are a joint of bamboo, close at both ends, with six holes, three of which only are used in playing, which is done by applying the thumb of the left hand to the left nostril, and blowing into one of the holes with the other; and though the notes are but three, they produce a pleasing simple music. Their weapons are clubs, highly carved, spears, darts, and bows and arrows, which latter, how ever, seem to be used only to kill birds, and not in war.

Of their animal food, the chief articles are hogs, fowls, fish, and all sorts of shell-fish. The lower people also eat rats and dogs. Fowl and turtle seem to be only occasional dainties reserved for their chiefs. Their meat is in general drest by baking, and is eaten without any kind of sauce; their beverage at their meals is confined to water, or cocoa-nut milk. Their food is divided into portions, each to serve a certain

number, and these portions are again subdivided so that seldom more than two or three persons are seen eating together at their repasts. The women and men in general eat together, but there are certain ranks that can neither eat nor drink in company. They seem to have no set time for their meals, but they all take one during the night. They go to rest as soon as it is dark, and rise with the dawn. They are fond of society, and form conversation parties at one another's houses. Their other amusements are singing, dancing, and music performed by the women. Their public diversions are single combats and wrestling, in which women as well as men exhibit; dances, in which upwards of 100 men sometimes are engaged, to the music of hollow pieces of wood, beat on with sticks, and accompanied by a chorus of vocal music: the women also perform in their public dances.

One of their chief pleasures is the drinking kava, a beverage composed of the root of a species of pepper; the process of brewing which is not very delicate. A company being assembled, the root is produced, and being broken in small pieces, and the dirt scraped off by servants, each person receives a piece, which, after chewing, he spits into a plantain leaf. The person appointed to prepare the liquor receives all the mouthfuls into a wooden bowl, and adds as much water as will make it of a proper strength; it is then well mixed with the hands, and some loose stuff, of which the mats are made, is thrown on the surface, which intercepts the fibres, and is wrung hard to get as much liquor out of it as possible. It is then served out to the company in cups of about a quarter of a pint each. This liquor has an intoxicating, or rather stupifying effect, on those not used to it; and it is so disagreeable, that even the natives, though they drink it several times in the forenoon, cannot swallow it without making wry faces.

Polygamy is not common, but is practised by the chiefs; and though female chastity in the unmarried of the lower order is in little estimation, those of the higher orders are discreet, it is said, and conjugal infidelity is rare.

Their mourning is singularly severe and barbarous; consisting in cutting and burning their flesh, beating their teeth with stones, and inflicting on themselves every kind of torment. The dead are buried, wrapped up in mats or cloth.

Round the graves of their kings and principal chiefs they often mangle one another in a kind of bacchanalian frenzy, of which the following account is given by one of the missionaries, who resided here lately for several years:—“The space round the tomb was, on this occasion, a palæstra for savage gladiators. Hundreds ran about it with ferocious emulation, to signalise their grief for the venerated chief, or their contempt of pain and death, by inflicting on themselves the most ghastly wounds, and exhibiting spectacles of the greatest horror. Thousands, ere the period of mourning was over, fought with each other, and cut themselves with sharp instruments. It was an awful scene indeed! Night after night we heard, for some weeks, the horrid sound of the conch-shell rousing these deluded creatures to these dreadful rites of mourning for the dead;

and shrieks and clashing arms, and the rushing and violence of the multitude, re-echoed round our abode, and rendered it a scene of continual horror and alarm.' When they labor under any severe and dangerous malady, they cut off one, or both of their little fingers, which they think the divinity will accept in lieu of their bodies.

They have no priests, but are not, therefore, without religious ideas; and, though they seem to have no notion of future punishment, they believe that they are justly punished on earth. Each district, and every family of the higher orders, has its respective tutelary god, and each individual his odooa, or attendant spirit, who partakes more of the evil than the good genius, being supposed to inflict diseases, and who is, therefore, propitiated by sacrifices, and even sometimes by human ones.

peculiar honors paid to the king are, that no one is allowed to walk over his head, and, wheneve he walks out, every one must sit down tili tes past. The method of saluting his majesty is tą sitting down before him, bowing the head to th sole of his foot, and touching it with the upp and under sides of the fingers of both hans After thus saluting the king, or any great chi the hands must not touch food of any kind, ur they are washed or rubbed with the leaves of plants, as a substitute for water.

The language of the Friendly Islanders, which is from the Malay root, is sufficiently copious i all the ideas of the people; harmonious in conversation; and is adapted both to song and rectative. Its construction is simple, and in some of its rules it agrees with other languages; as, for instance, in the degrees of comparison, but the nouns or verbs seem to have no inflections. The whole extent of their verbal numeration is 100,000.

The elements have their subordinate deities who are often at variance with each other. The goddess of the wind is named Cala Filatonga, and is believed to cause the hurricanes which sometimes visit the islands. Their islands they suppose to rest on the shoulders of the god Mowee, who, being tired of his burden, often en deavours to shake it off, which produces th earthquakes, to which the islands are also subject. The same religious system is not, however, prevalent throughout all the islands, but the general ideas are the same Their morais, or burying-grounds, are also places of religious worship.

The missionaries were not able to learn what ideas they form of the origin of their existence, or of any other parts of the creation; when spoken to on these subjects, they seem quite lost. Among their superstitious practices may be mentioned the 'taboo,' which means, in its literal signification, prohibited, or set apart from common use. Thus a house becomes tabooed by the king's presence in it, and can no longer be inhabited even by its owner; and hence there are generally houses provided in every quarter for the use of his majesty. A space of ground, or any article of food may be tabooed; and in this case the ground canrot be passed, nor is it lawful to use the food until the taboo be taken off. By assisting at a funeral, or touching a dead body, the hands are tabooed, and cannot be employed in taking food; and in this case the person is fed by others.

Their form of government somewhat resembles the feudal system of our forefathers, being composed of a king, several powerful hereditary chiefs, almost independent of the king, and numerous smaller dependent chiefs. As to the lower class, they are almost the slaves of these chiefs, to whom they are profoundly submissive. The

cultivated for the purpose, which is thus per formed:-The outer rind of the bark being scraped off, the inner is rolled up to make it flat, and is macerated in water for a night; it is ther laid on the trunk of a tree, squared, and beaten with a wooden instrument full of grooves on all sides, until a piece of cloth is produced, and the longer it is beaten, the fi.er and closer is the cloth. When this operation is finished, the pieces, which are usually from four to six feet in length, and half as broad, are spread out to dry, and are afterwards joined together by smearing the edges with the viscous juice of a berry. Having been thus lengthened, they are laid over a larg piece of wood with a kind of stamp between made of a fibrous substance closely interwoven. They then take a bit of cloth, and, dipping it n a certain juice expressed from the bark of a tree, rub it briskly over the cloth, which gives it a dull brown color and a dry gloss.

The earlier navigators who have described these islanders have, as we have intimated, repre sented their moral character in terms of higher approbation than experience seems to warrant. The account of their unprovoked attack and seizure of the ship Port au Prince, by Mr. Mariner, and the murder of all the crew in 1806, with circumstances of extraordinary barbarity, stamps upon them a character of cruelty rarely exceeded in the annals of savage life; and their wars are said also to present all the usual features of absolute barbarism. The charge of cannibalism, too, has been brought against them under such circumstances as leaves little reason to doubt the fact Several missionaries who landed on these islands have also fallen victims either to the barbarity or superstition of the natives. One of them who had adopted the customs, and joined in their expeditions, says. Spectacles too shocking for humanity to contemplate soon sickened my sight, and sunk my spirits: I beheld, with shaking horror, brze stacks of human bodies piled up, by being laid transversely upon each other, as a monumental trophy of the victory. Proceeding a little farther,