the law, but of the criminal; who has thus knowingly and dishonestly involved others in his own calamities. FORFEX, in Roman antiquity, a way of drawing up an army in the form of a pair of shears. It was intended to receive the cuneus, or wedge, if the enemy should make use of that figure. For when the forfex opened to admit the wedge, they had an opportunity of defeating their design, and cutting them in pieces. FORFICULA, the ear-wig, in zoology, a genus of insects belonging to the order of coleoptera. The antennæ are bristly; the elytra are dimidiated; the wings are covered; and the tail is forked. This genus of insects is one of the best known, the forceps at the extremity of their abdomen forming a very distinctive character. It is this seeming weapon that has occasioned those insects to be called forficula; and the name of ear-wigs has been given them: the forceps, however, which the ear-wig carries at his tail, and with which he seems provided for his defence, are not so formidable as at first appears, being destitute of strength sufficient to produce the least sensible impression. The larva differs very little from the perfect insect. Ear-wigs are very mischievous vermin in gardens, especially where carnations are preserved; for they are so fond of these flowers, that, if care is not taken to prevent them, they will entirely destroy them, by eating off the sweet parts at the bottom of the leaves. To prevent which, most people have stands erected, which have a basin of earth or lead round each supporter, which is constantly kept filled with water. Others hang the hollow claws of crabs and lobsters upon sticks in divers parts of the garden into which those vermin get; and, by often searching them, one will destroy them without much trouble, which will be of great service to the wall-fruit, FORGAVE, the preterite of forgive. But in his sleve, he gan to thring Chaucer. Romaunt of the Rose. works, I know, and can by rote the tale that I would tell; The flashing fier flies, As from a forge, out of their burning shields, Of those he chose out two, the falsest twoo, The other by himself staide other work to do. Id. From no other forge hath proceeded a strange conceit, that to serve God with any set form of common prayer is superstitious. Hooker. Were I king, I should cut off the nobles for their lands; Shakspeare. Macbeth. His heart's his mouth : What his breast forges, that his tongue must vent. Has your king married the lady Gray? In the quick forge and working-house of thought, Id. Id. In the greater bodies the forge was easy, the matter being ductile and sequacious and obedient to the stroke of the artificer, and apt to be drawn, formed and moulded. He ran on embattled armies clad in iron, Bacon. Made arms ridiculous, useless the forgery In other part stood one, who at the forge Chapman's Iliad. Those names that the schools forged, and put into the mouths of scholars, could never get admittance into common use, or obtain the licence of publick apLocke. probation. As in stealing, if there were no receivers there would be no thieves; so in slander, if there were fewer spreaders, there would be fewer forgers of libels. Government of the Tongue. Tyger with tyger, bear with bear you'll find Tate's Juvenal. A subtil craftman framed him seemly arms, Fletcher's Purple Island. FORGE properly signifies a little furnace, wherein smiths and other artificers of iron or steel, &c., heat their metals red-hot, to soften them, and render them more malleable and manageable on the anvil. An ordinary forge is nothing but a pair of bellows, the nozzle of which is directed upon a smooth area, on which coals are.aced. The nozzle of a pair of bellows may be also directed to the bottom of any furnace, to excite the combustion of the coals placed there by which a kind of forge is formed. In laboratories, there is generally a small furnace consisting of one cylindrical piece open at top, which has at its lower side a hole for receiving the nozzle of a double bellows. This kind of forge furnace is very convenient for fusions, as the operation is quickly performed, and with few coals. In its lower part, two inches above the hole for receiving the nozzle of the bellows, may be placed an iron plate of the same diameter, supported upon two horizontal bars, and pierced near its circumference with four holes diametrically opposite to each other. By this disposition, the wind of the bellows, pushed forcibly under this plate, enters at these four holes; and thus the heat of the fire is equally distributed, and the crucible in the furnace is equally surrounded by it. This contrivance is used in the forge furnaces for melting copper, with this difference only, that these furnaces are square, which is a matter of no consequence. As the wind of bellows strongly and rapidly excites the action of the fire, a forge is very convenient when a great heat is to be applied quickly: but it is not suitable when the heat is to be gradually increased. The forge or blast of bellows, is used in several operations; as to fuse salts, metals, ores, &c., and chiefly in the smelting of ores, and fusion of metallic matters. FORGE is also used for a large furnace, wherein iron ore taken out of the mine is melted down or it is more properly applied to another kind of furnace, wherein the iron ore, melted down and separated in a former furnace, and then cast into sows and pigs, is heated and fused over again, and beaten afterwards with large hammers, and thus rendered more soft, pure, ductile, and fit for use. FORGE, in the train of artillery, is generally called a travelling forge, and may not be improperly called a portable smith's shop: at this forge all manner of smith's work is made, and it can be used upon a march as well as in camp. Formerly they were very ill contrived, with two wheels only, and wooden supporters to prop the forge for working when in the park. Of late they are made with four wheels, which answers their purose much better. FORGE FOR RED-HOT BALLS is a place where the balls are made red-hot before they are fired off; it is built about five or six feet below the surface of the ground, of strong brick-work, and an iron grate, upon which the balls are laid, with a very large fire under them. FORGERY, in law, is the fraudulent imitation of a name, or alteration of a writing, to the prejudice of another man's right. By statute 5 Eliz. c. 14. to forge or make, or knowingly to publish or give in evidence, any forged deed, court-roll, or will, with intent to affect the right of real property, either freehold or copyhold is punished by a forfeiture to the party aggrieved of double costs and damages; by standing in the pillory, and having both his ears cut off, and his nostrils slit, and seared; by forfeiture to the crown of the profits of his lands, and by perpetual imprisonment. For any forgery relating to a term of years or annuity, bond, obligation, acquittance, release, or discharge of any debt or demand of any personal chattels, the same forfeiture is given to the party grieved; and on the offender is inflicted the pillory, loss of one of his ears, and half a year's imprisonment: the second offence, in both cases, being felony without benefit of clergy. Besides this general act, a multitude of others, since the Revolution, when paper credit was first established, have inflicted capital punishment on the forging, altering, or uttering as true when forged, of any bank bills or notes, or other securities; of bills of credit issued from the exchequer; of south-sea bonds, &c. ; of lottery tickets or orders; of army or navy debentures of East India bonds; of writings under the seal of the London or Royal Exchange Assurance; of the hand of the receiver of the prefines, or of the accountant-general and certain other officers of the chancery; of a letter of attorney, or other power, to receive or transfer stock or annuities; and on the personating a proprietor thereof, to receive or transfer such annuities, stock, or dividends: also on the personating, or procuring to be personated, any seaman or other person, intitled to wages or other naval emoluments, or any of his personal representatives; and the taking, or procuring to be taken, any false oath in order to obtain a probate, or letters of administration, in order to receive such payments; and the forging, or procuring to be forged, and likewise the uttering or publishing, as true, of any counterfeited seaman's will, or power: to which may be added, though not strictly reducible to this head, the counterfeiting of Mediterranean passes, under the hands of the lords of the admiralty, to protect one from the piratical states of Barbary; the forging, or imitating, of any stamps to defraud the public revenue: and the forging of any marriage register or license: all which are, by distinct acts of parliament, made felonies without benefit of clergy. By statutes 13 Geo. III. c. 52 and 59, forging, or counterfeiting, any stamp or mark, to denote the standard of gold and silver plate, and certain other offences of the like tendency, are punished with transportation for fourteen years. By statute 12 Geo. III. c. 48, certain frauds on the stamp duties, therein described, principally by using the same stamps more than once, are made single felony, and liable to transportation for seven years. And the same punishment is inflicted by statute 13 Geo. III. c. 38, on such as counterfeit the common seal of the corporation for manufacturing plate glass (thereby erected), or knowingly demand money of the company by virtue of any writing under such counterfeit seal. There are also two other general laws with regard to forgery; the one, Geo. II. c. 25, whereby the first offence in forging or procuring to be forged, acting or assisting therein, or uttering or publishing as true, any forged deed, will, bond, writing obligatory, bill of exchange, promissory note, indorsement or assignment thereof, or any acquittance or receipt for money or goods, with intention to defraud any person, or corporation, is made felony without benefit of clergy. And, by statute, 7 Geo. II. c. 22, it is equally penal to forge, or cause to be forged, or utter as true, a counterfeit acceptance of a bill of exchange, or the number of any accountable receipt for any note, bill, or any other security for money, or any warrant or order for the payment of money, or delivery of goods. So that, through the number of these general and special provisions, there is now hardly a case possible to be conceived, wherein forgery that tends to defraud, whether in the name of a real or fictitious person, is not made a capital crime. A deed forged in the name of a person who never had existence is within the statute 2 Geo. II. c. 25. for the statute does not use the words the deed of any person, or the deed of another, or any words of like import, but any deed. Lord Coke's description of forgery, 3 Inst. 169, "When the act is done in the name of another person,' is apparently too narrow, and only takes in that species of forgery which is most commonly practised; but there are many other species of forgery which will not come within the letter of that description. Fost. 116. That the use of a name merely fictitious is sufficient to constitute forgery, was also solemnly determined in Bolland's case, O. B. 1772: 1 Leach, 83: 2 East's P. C. c. 19, sect. 49. This offence of forgery may be complete though there be no publication or uttering of the forged instrument for the very making, with a fraudulent intention, and without lawful authority, of any instrument which at common law or by statute is the subject of forgery, is of itself a sufficient completion of the offence before publication; and though the publication of the instrument be the medium by which the intent is usually made manifest, yet it may be proved as plainly by other evidence. 2 East's P. C. c. 19. sect. 4, 44: Elliot's case, 1777: 1 Leach, 173: 2 New Rep. 93. By 45 Geo. III. c. 89, sect. 1, consolidating and amending the provisions of former acts, the penalty of felony without clergy, is enacted against all persons who shall falsely make, forge, counterfeit, or alter (or cause or procure to be so done, or willingly act or assist in so doing), any deed, will, testament, bond, writing obligatory, bill of exchange, promissory note, or any indorsement, assignment, or acceptance of any such bill or note, or any acquittance or receipt for money or goods, or any accountable receipt for any security for money, or any warrant or order for payment of money or delivery of goods, with intent to defraud any person or corporation: and the like penalty on all persons who shall offer, dispose of, or put away any such forged deed, will, or instrument, knowing it to be forged, and with intent to defraud as afore said. By stat. 41 Geo. III. c. 57, persons, not authorised, making any paper, &c., with the name or firm of any private bankers, &c., are punishable by imprisonment from six months to two years for the first offence; and for the second by transportation for seven years. By the same act the like punishment is imposed on persons engraving plates of private bankers without authority; and persons engraving signatures of private bankers in hair strokes, &c., are punishable by imprisonment from one year to three, and for the second offence to transportation. By stat. 43 Geo. III. c. 139, sect. 2, the engraving plates for foreign bills of exchange, is declared a misdemeanor punishable by six months' imprisonment, and whipping, and fine; and for the second offence by fourteen years' transportation. Forgery, by the common-law, extends to false and fraudulent making or altering of a deed or writing, whether it be a matter of record, in which seems to be included a parish register; which is punishable by fine, imprisonment, and corporeal punishment at the discretion of the court; or any other writing, deed, or will. 3 Inst. 169. 1 Rol. Abr. 65. 1 Hawk. P. C. c. 70. Not only where one makes a false deed; but where a fraudulent alteration is made of a true deed, in a material part of it, as by making a lease of the manor of Dale, and it appears to be a lease of the manor of Sale, by changing the letter D. into an S. or by altering a bond, &c., for £500 expressed in figures, to £5000 by adding a new cypher, these are forgery: so it is, if one finding another's name at the bottom of a letter, at a considerable distance from the other writing, causes the letter to be cut off, and a general release to be written above the name, &c. 1 Hawk, P. C. c. 70. A writing is said to be forged, where one being directed to draw up a will for a sick person, doth insert some legacies therein falsely of his own head; though there be no forgery of the hand or seal; for the crime of forgery consists as well in endeavouring to give an appearance of truth to a mere falsity, as in counterfeiting a man's hand, &c. 1 Hawk. P. C. c. 70; 3 Inst. 170. But a person cannot regularly be guilty of forgery by an act of omission; as by omitting a legacy out of a will, which he is directed to draw for another: though it has been held, that, if the wilful omission of a bequest to one cause a material alteration in the limitation of an estate to another, as if the devisor directs a gift for life to one man, and the remainder to another in fee, and the writer omit the estate for life, so that he in remainder hath a present estate upon the death of the devisor, not intended to pass, this is a forgery. Noy, 118. Moor, 760. It seems to be no way material, whether a forged instrument be made in such manner, that if it were in truth such as it is counterfeited for, it would be of validity or not. 1 Sid. 142. Neither is it necessary that this resemblance to the known instrument should be exact. 2 East's P. C. c. 19, sect. 6. 44. If a person engraves a counterfeit stamp (for medicines under 44 Geo. III. c. 98), similar in some parts, dissimilar in others, to the legal stamps, and, cutting out the dissimilar parts, utters the similar parts as genuine, concealing, by a seal, the space whence the dissimilar part is cut out, the offence is complete under the act, 4 W. P. Taunton, 400. The counterfeiting writings of an inferior nature, as letters and such like, it hath been said, is not properly forgery; but the deceit is punishable.-But in the case of John Ward, of Hackney, it was determined that to forge a release or acquittance for the delivery of goods, although not under seal, was forgery at common law. See Barn. K. B. 10. Raym. 81. Stra. 747. And this case is considered as having now settled the rule that the counterfeiting of any writing with a fraudulent intent, whereby another may be prejudiced, is forgery at common law. 2 East's P. C. c. 19, sect. 7. The offence of forgery at common law cannot be tried at the quarter sessions, nor can they take cognizance of it as a cheat. 2 Hawk. P. C. c. 8, sect. 64: 2 East, P. C. c. 19, sect. 7. The trial of forgery must be had in the county where the offence is committed, as the indictment can only be preferred in that county. In Scotland the punishment of forgery is not expressly laid down by statute, but the common law and practice of that country hath been to inflict a capital punishment in all cases of gross forgery. Bell's Scotch Law Dict. See further on this subject, Russel on Crimes, c. 27-34, where it is treated with great accuracy. FORGING, in smithery, the beating, or hammering iron on the anvil, after having first made it red-hot in the forge, to extend it into various forms, and fashion it into works. See FORGE. There are two ways of forging and hammering iron. One is by the force of the hand, in which there are usually several persons employed, one of them turning the iron and hammering likewise, and the rest only hammering. The other is by the force of a water-mill, which raises and works several huge hammers beyond the force cf man; under the strokes whereof the workmen present large lumps of iron, which are sustained at one end by the anvils, and at the other by iron chains fastened to the ceiling of the forge. This last way of forging is only used in the largest works, as anchors for ships, &c., which usually weigh several thousand pounds. For light works, a single man holds, beats, and turns, with one hand, while he hammers with the other. Each purpose the work is designed for requires its proper heat; for if it be too cold it will not feel the weight of the hammer, as the smiths call it, when it will not batter under the hammer; and, if it be too hot, it will red-sear; that is, break or crack under the hammer. The several degrees of heat the smiths give their iron are, 1. A blood-red heat; 2. A white flame heat; and 3. A sparkling, or welding heat. FORGET', v. a. Preter. forgot; part. FORGETFUL, adj. forgotten, or forgot; FORGET FULNESS, n. 3. Sax. Fongytan; Dut. FORGET TER, n. s. vergeten; Swed. forgaFORGOT', or ta, from for, a regular FORGOTTEN, pas. part.) prefix, and Goth. ga, geta, to heed, Thomson. To lose memory of; to let go from the remembrance; not to attend; to neglect; not retaining the memory of; causing oblivion; oblivious; inattentive; negligent; neglectful; careless: oblivion; cessa tion to remember; loss of memory; inattention;. one that forgets; a careless person. Forgetfulness, 'says Crabbe', characterises the person; oblivion the state of the thing: the former refers to him who forgets, the latter to that which is forgotten: we blame a person for his forgetfulness; but we sometimes bury things in oblivion. Forget not thy friend in thy mind, and be not unmindful of him in thy riches. Ecclus. xxxvii. 6. Can a woman forget her sucking child? Yea, they may forget; yet I will not forget thee. Isaiah xlix. 5. As though the erthe, there envye wolde Chaucer. Boke of the Duchesse. Thou hast dronke so muche hony of swete temporal richesses, and delices, and honours of this world, that thou art dronken, and host forgotten Jesu Crist thy Creatour. Id. The Tale of Melibeus. The church of England is grievously charged with forgetfulness of her duty. Hooker. That is not forgot When I am forgotten, as I shall be, O gentle sleep! Nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee, That thou no more wilt weigh my eyelids down, And steep my senses in forgetfulness! Id. Id. I have read in ancient authors invitations to lay aside care and anxiety, and give a loose to that pleasing forgetfulness wherein men put off their charSteele. acters of business. But when a thousand rolling years are past, So long their punishments and penance last, Whole droves of minds are by the driving god Compelled to drink the deep Lethean flood, In large forgetful draughts to steep the cares Of their past labours, and their irksome years. Dryden's Eneid. I, in fact, a real interest have, Which to my own advantage I would save; And, with the usual courtier's trick, intend To serve myself, forgetful of my friend. Prior. Thro' the long Strand together let us stray; Gay. With thee conversing, I forget the way. No sooner was our deliverance compleated, but we Atterbury. forgot our danger and our duty. Pope. Alive, ridiculous; and dead, forgot. All birds and beasts lie hashed; sleep steals away The wild desires of men and toils of day; And brings, descending through the silent air, A sweet forgetfulness of human care. Pope's Statius. And, pausing as she saw him kneel With his despatch, forgot to break the seal. Byron. Adieu fair Cadiz! yea a long adieu : Who may forget how well thy walls have stood? When all were changing thou alone wert true, First to be free and last to be subdued. Id. Childe Harold. FORGIVE', v. a. Sax. Foɲgifan; Swed. FORGIVENESS, n. s. forgifiva; Teut. vergeben; FORGIV'ER, n. s. compounded of the privative for, and give. Signifies not to give the punishment that is due; to relax from the rigor of justice in demanding retribution: to remit what is due either on the score of demerit or any other obligation. To pardon a crime; not to exact debt or penalty. Forgiveness not only relates to the act but to the disposition-thus it implies clemency, placability, readiness to forgive. The people that dwell therein shall be forgiven their iniquity. Isaiah xxxiii. 24. The lord of that servant was moved with compassion, loosed him, and forgave him the debt. Matt. xviii. 27. To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveDaniel. nesses. And they answered al unto hire, fayre, That they forgave it hire, for it was right. It was no gylte, it lay not in hire might; And sayden hire ensamples many oneBut al for naught; for thus she said anone. Be it as it may' (quod she), of forgivyng, I will not have no forgifte, for nothing.' Chaucer. Legende of Good Women. Shakspeare. Then heaven forgive him too! I do beseech your grace for charity; Were hid against me, now forgive me frankly. Id. FORK, n. s. & v. n. Saxon Fonc; Welsh fforch; French fourche; Ital. forca; Lat. furca. An instrument divided at the end into two or more points or prongs, used on many occasions; to shoot into blades, as corn does out of the ground. It is sometimes used for the point of an arrow; a point; opening into two or more parts. It seizing, no way enter might; But back resounding, left the forkhead keen, Eftsoons it fled away, and might no where be seen, Faerie Queene. The bow is bent and drawn: make from the shaft. Let it fall rather, though the fork invade The region of my heart. Shakspeare. King Lear. Naked, he was, for all the world, like a forked radish, with a head fantastically carved upon it with Shakspeare. a knife. Sometimes we see a cloud that's dragonish, A forked mountain, or blue promontory. Come, shall we go and kill us venison? And yet it irks me the poor dappled fools Should in their own confines, with forked heads, Have their round haunches gored. He would have spoke : Id. Id. But hiss for hiss returned, with forked tongue Ye dragons, whose contagious breath Peoples the dark retreats of death, Change your fierce hissing into joyful song, The vicar first, and after him the crew, The corn beginneth to fork. Mortimer's Husbandry. Several are amazed at the wisdom of the ancients, that represented a thunderbolt with three forks, since nothing could have better explained its triple quality of piercing, burning, and melting. Addison. The smiling infant in his hand shall take The crested basilisk and speckled snake; Pleased the green lustre of the scales survey, And with their forky tongue and pointless sting shall play. Pope's Messiah. I dine with forks that have but two prongs. Swift. In this heart-city, four main streams appear; One from the Hepar, where the tribute landeth, Largely pours out his purple river here; At whose wide mouth, a band of Tritons standeth, (Three Tritons stand) who with their three forked mace Drive on, and speed the river's flowing race; Now, where the quick Rhone hath cleft her way, lurked. |