ed by Gaston de Foix, duke of Ne-] mours, i. 148. Second marriage of, with Mary, sister of Henry VIII. of England, i. 150. Death of, ib. Louis XIII. of France. ii. 14.
Issues an edict reproving the parliament, ii. 17. Marriage of, with Anne of Austria, ii. 18. Joins his mother in the project for getting rid of Condé, ii. 19. Marches into Bearn; re- duces the church lands, ii. 23. Re- turns to his capital; his reception there, ii. 24. His confidence in car- dinal Richelieu, ii. 27. Retires to Versailles, ii. 36. Holds his court at St. Germain, ib. Private char- acter of, ii. 44. Is reconciled to the queen, ii. 45. Complains of the Complains of the tyranny of Richelieu, ii. 49. Death of, ii. 52.
Louis XIV., birth of, ii. 45.
His accession, ii. 57. Goes in state to the Te Deum sung in honor of the battle of Lens, ii. 66. Completes his minority, ii. 78. Summons the magistrates to repair to Pontoise; his entry into Paris, ii. 81. Makes his first campaign, ii. 85. Gives up Dunkirk to Cromwell, ib. Marries the infanta of Spain, ii. 87. Marches into Flanders at the head of an ar- my; takes possession of French. Flanders, Lille, Mons, Tournay, and Charleroi, ii. 91. Takes the side of the Jesuits, ii. 92. Takes every means to detach England from the alliance, ii. 93. Conquers Utrecht, ii. 95. Returns to Paris, ib. Conquers Franche-Comté, ii. 96. Makes himself master Ghent, ii. 100. His bigotry, ii. 102. Death of his queen, ib. Married secretly to madame de Maintenon, 103. Sends missionaries to convert the Huguenots; tries severity, ii. 104.
His cruelty to the Protestants rouses the Germans and the Eng- lish against him, ii. 106. Sends an army to the Rhine, commanded by the dauphin, ib. Orders the towns of Trev. 8, Worms, Spire, and Hei- delberg, to be destroyed; the elec tor's ancient palace, together with the cottages of his meanest sub- jects, to be burned, ib. Invests Na- mur, ii. 108. Attacks king William of England near Lorraine; quits the army, and returns to Versailles, ii. 109. Meets with private misfor- tunes, ii. 132. Death of, ii. 138. Char- acter of, ib.
Louis XV., his attachment to Fleury, ii. 155. Marriage of with Maria Lezinsky, ii. 157. After the death of Fleury resided chiefly at Choisy, ii 170. Proceeds to Flanders to join
the mareschal de Noailles, ib. On hearing of the intended invasion of prince Charles of Lorraine, flies from Flanders towards the Rhine; seized with a fever when he had reached Metz; asks forgiveness of the queen, ib. Returns to his capi tal; his first act was to recall his mistress, the duchess of Chateau roux, and to exile her enemies, ii 171. State of the church during the reign of, ii. 177. Stabbed by a mad. man on his way to Versailles, ii. 185. Attributes to the great council of state the same privileges and au- thority as that wielded by the par- liament, ii. 186. His jealousy of the dauphin, ii. 189. Death of the dau phin; death of the queen; his grief at her death, ii. 196. His confidence in his minister Choiseul, ii. 198. Passes a decree to reverse the judi- cial verdict of the parliament against D'Aiguillon, ii. 200. Holds a bed of justice, ii. 201. Death of, ii. 202. Louis XVI., marriage of, ii. 198. Ac cession of, ii. 203. State of society during the reign of, ii. 204. Char- acter of, ii. 205. Dismisses Turgot and Malesherbes from the ministry ii. 208. Reforms his court, ii. 219. Opens the assembly of the states- general at Versailles, ii. 225. Issues orders for a royal sitting, ii. 228. Makes known his will at the royal sitting; annuls all the previous votes and acts of the assembly, ii. 229. Issues an order requesting the majority of the noblesse to unite themselves to the constitutional as- sembly, ii. 230. Abandons the coun- sels of the count d'Artois and baron de Breteuil; hurries to the national assembly, intending to make peace with it; announces that orders were given that the troops should retire from the capital, ii. 233. Returns to Paris; receives the keys of the city from the mayor, ii. 234. Assumes the tricolor cockade, ib. Returns to Versailles, ib. Advised by Necker to interfere and state to the assem- bly his acceptance of the suspen- sive, rather than the absolute, veto; the former was accordingly decreed, ii. 237. Refuses to fly from Ver- sailles, ii. 239. Called on by the mot and the Parisian army to go to Pa- ris, ii. 241. He assents; repairs to the Tuilleries, accompanied by the queen and the royal family, ib. Ad- vised by Mirabeau to retire to Metz, and there, at the head of an inde pendent force, treat with the nation. ii. 244. Flight of, with the royal family, ii. 246. Recognized at St
vention, and all those inhabitants who had taken arms guillotined, iii. 59.
Menehould by Drouet; arrested and conveyed to Paris, ii. 247. Arrival! af, in Paris, ib. Suspended by the national assembly from his func- Lys, river, declared the boundary of tions, ib. Opens the legislative as- France and Flanders, i. 70. sembly, ii. 250. Refuses to have any guard, and occupies his solitary palace, exposed at all times to the irruptions of the rabble, ii. 254. His reply to the populace that forced their way into the Tuilleries, ii. 258. Refused to be saved by La Fayette, ii. 259. Refuses to stoop to an alliance with the Girondists, ii. 260. Rejects the offers of the duc de la Rochefoucault and La Fay-Mack, the Austrian general, iii. 138. ette of the means of escape, ii. 262. Shut up with the remains of his Abandons the château, and retires army in the town of Ulm; surren- with his family to the national as- ders to Napoleon, iii. 194. sembly, ii. 264. Sends M. de Her- Magdeburg, siege of, iii. 207. villy with an order for the Swiss to Madrid surrenders to Napoleon, iii. retire and abandon the château, ii. 229.
Macdonald, iii. 141. Created marshal on the field of battle by Napoleon, iii. 237. Machault, the finance minister, ii. 181. Transferred from the depart- ment of finance to that of marine affairs, ib.
Machiavel, birth of, i. 121.
265. Transferred with his family Maestricht, capture of, ii. 96.
from Luxembourg to the Temple, Magnentius, his war with Constan iii. 27. Separated from his family, tius, i. 8.
and denied the sole consolation of Maillard, ii. 268.
his captivity, that of instructing Maillebois, mareschal, ii. 167. his infant son, ib. His trial, iii. 29. Mailly, madame du, ii. 166. Selects Turgot and Malesherbes for Mailly, marshal de, ii. 265. his counsel, ib. Appears before Maine united to France, i. 46. the convention attended by his de-Maine, duc de, ii. 112. 148. fenders, iii. 30. Sentenced to death Maintenon, madame de, ii. 103. by the convention, iii. 32. His last Major Domus, a royal judge, at one interview with the queen and the time appointed by the king, at an- princesses, iii. 33. Execution of, iii. other by the aristocracy, i. 12. 34. Malmesbury, lord, sent from Eng Louis Bonaparte made constable, iii. land to Paris to propose a negotia- 184. Declared king of Holland, iii. tion, by which she would restore 200. Marriage of, with Hortensia France her colonies in return for Beauharnois, ib. Resigns his crown Flanders being again ceded to Aus- and retires to a private station in tria, iii. 123. Germany, iii. 244.
Louis, prince, of Prussia, death of, iii. 204.
Louisa of Savoy, i. 145.
Louvois, ii. 95. His jealousy of Tu-
renne, ii. 96. Death of, ii. 97.
Louvet, his speech, iii. 22.
Lucien Bonaparte, iii. 148.
Malplaquet, battle of, ii. 131. Malesherbes dismissed from the min- istry, ii. 208. Chosen by Louis XVI. as one of his counsel, iii. 29. And all his family perish on the scaffold, iii. 68.
Malouet, ii. 226.
Mandat, ii. 263.
Manny, Walter de, i. 83.
Ludovico Sforza, i. 136. His death, i. Mansourah, battle of, i. 59.
Mantua, siege of, iii. 114.
Luther, Martin, publishes his propo-Marat, accused by Dumouriez of ex-
Luxembourg conquered by the duke of Orleans, i. 195. Reconquered by the imperialists, ib. Luxembourg, mareschal de, arrest of; imprisoned in the Bastile; liberat- ed, ii. 102. Death of, ii. 111. Luynes, de, favorite of Louis XIII., ii. 18. Becomes sole master of the state; liberates the prince de Condé, ii. 21. Raises an army, ii. 23. His death, ii. 24.
Lyons destroyed by order of the con-
citing the people to sedition in his journal called the "Ami du Peu- ple," ii. 254. His character, ii. 266. Addresses the convention, iii. 18. His address to the people, iii. 19. Accusation of, iii. 20. Recom- mends, in his journal, the mob to pillage the magazines and hang the monopolizers, iii. 36. Tried and acquitted by a revolutionary tribu- nal, iii. 42. Murder of, iii. 54. Marcel, Stephen, chief of the munici pality of Paris, releases the king of
Navarre from prison, i. 87. Death of, ib.
Marche, count de la, i. 56. Marengo, battle of, iii. 161. Margaret of Anjou, her heroism, i. 112.
of France, her coronation, i. 295. Appointed regent, ii. 11. Her char- acter, ii. 12. Guided by the minis- ters of the late king, ib. Dismisses the army intended for Italy, ib. Un- popularity of, ii. 14. Goes to Poitou with the young king to counteract rebellion, ii. 15. Ceases to be regent, ii. 18. Retires to Blois, accompa- nied by Richelieu, ii. 19. Escapes by night from the château of Blois; meets Epernon at the head of a strong party, ii. 20. Obtains the government of Anjou, ii. 21. Re- fused to be admitted to court, ib. Her hatred to the duke of Nevers, ii. 32. Causes Mary of Gonzaga to be immured in the Bastile, ii. 33. Gains the good-will of the Pari- sians, ii. 36. Arrested at Com- piegne, ii. 37. Flies out of the king- dom, and retires to Brussels, ii. 43. Death of, ii. 47.
Maria Theresa, daughter of the em- peror of Austria, ii. 160. Succeeds her father Charles VI., ii. 166. Ap- peals to her Hungarian subjects to aid her against the elector of Bava- ria, ii. 167. Obtains the imperial crown for her husband, ii. 171. Dis- patches two armies to Italy, com- inanded by prince Charles of Lor- raine and the prince of Lichten- stein, ii. 173. Recovers Austrian Flanders, ii. 175. Dissatisfied with the loss of Silesia, ii. 183. Signs a treaty with France, ii. 184. Signs a treaty of peace with Prussia, ii. 193. Maria Leczinski, queen of Louis XV., ii. 157. Death of, ii. 196. Marie Antoinette, marriage of, with Louis XVI., ii. 198. Accused of having influenced the king to dis miss Turgot and Malesherbes from the ministry, ii. 207. Her character, Massena, general, iii. 108. ii. 214. Excites the hostilities of the Massillon, ii. 25.
Mary of Gonzaga, ii. 33. Mary, princess, daughter of James II. of England; marriage of, with the prince of Orange, ii. 99.
high church party, ib. Summoned Matigon, mareschal de, i. 263. Necker; promises to support and Matthieu Dumas, iii. 101. adopt his views; persuades him to resume the ministry, ii. 229. Nar- rowly escapes being massacred by the people, ii. 240. Her last inter- view with the king before his exe- cution, iii. 33. Execution of, iii. 57. Maria Louisa, archduchess, iii. 233. Marriage of, with Napoleon Bona- parte, iii. 241. Flight of, from the castle of Vincennes, iii. 276. Marignano, battle of, i. 155. Marillac, mareschal de; execution of, Maximilian, archduke, iii. 323. ii. 37.
Maupeon, ii. 199. Establishes inferior and provincial courts; destroys the overgrown jurisdiction of the capi- tal, ii. 201. Maurepas, compte de, ii. 163. Chosen minister of Louis XVI., ii. 205. Ad- ministration of, ii. 206. Death of, ii.
Mark, mareschal de la, i. 189. Marlborough, duke of, intrusted with the chief command by queen Anne of England; enters on the campaign| of Flanders, ii. 119. Takes Bonn and Luxembourg, ii. 120. Marches against the French at Schellenberg, ii. 121. Gains the battle of Blen- heim, ii. 123. Takes Tournay, ii. 130. Gains the victory of Malpla- quet, his last victory, ii. 131. Mary, daughter of Charles duke of Burgundy, i. 121. Marriage of, i. 129. Death of, ib.
Mary, princess of England, marriage of, with Louis XII., i. 150. Mary queen of Scots, i. 210. Marriage of, with the dauphin of France, i. 233.
Mary queen of England, marriage of, with Philip of Spain, i. 218. Mary of Medicis, queen of Henry IV.
Maurice elector of Saxony, i. 214. Maximilian king of the Romans, i. 135. Death of, i. 160.
Mayenne, duke of, i. 263. Causes car- dinal de Bourbon to be declared king under the name of Charles X., i. 213. Worsted at the battle of Arques, i. 274. Advances to relieve the town of Dreux, i. 275. Mazarin, cardinal, ii. 55. Opposition of, to the parliament; brings the young king into the parliament; causes him, sitting on his throne, to order nineteen edicts to be regis- tered, ii. 63. Anathematized the parliament before the whole court; compared the coadjutor De Retz to Cromwell, and himself to Strafford, ii. 76. Takes his departure for Havre-de-Grace; sets the captive provinces at liberty; resigns him- self to his disgrace, and prepares to leave the kingdom, ib. Returns; is welcomed by the Parisians, ii. 82. Solicits an alliance with Cromwell, ii. 8 Acts personally as negotiator
on the part of France at the con-Montfort, countess de, heroism of, 1 ference for the peace in the Isle of Pheasants, ii. 86. Death of, ii. 88. Meda, iii. 74.
Medici, cardinal de, i. 148. Meerfeldt, general, iii. 267. Melancthon, i. 185.
Mendoza, the Spanish ambassador, i. 276.
Menou, general, iii. 89. Espouses a Turkish woman, and adopts the Mahometan religion, iii. 167. Mercœur, duke of, i. 134. Mercy the Austrian general surprises Turenne in his camp, and defeats him, ii. 59. Killed in the battle of Recroi, ib.
Merovingians, so called from their supposed founder Merovée, govern the Franks, i. 11. Merveille, i. 183.
Metternich, the Austrian envoy, iii. 228.
Montgaillard, iii. 98.
Montgomery executed by order of Catherine de Medicis, i. 230. Montluc, mareschal, i. 198. Montmorency intrusted with the de fence of Provence; acts the part of Fabius, i. 188. Made constable of France, i. 192. Exiled to Chantilly, i. 194. Recalled to court, and es tablished in authority, i. 206. Char- acter of, i. 207. Sent to crush the insurgents in Bourdeaux, i. 209. Re- tires to Chantilly, i. 227. Recalled to court, i. 235. Commands the Catholics at the battle of St. Denis; death of, i. 243. Character of, ib. Montmorency, marshal de, i. 255. Created constable, i. 282. Taken prisoner in a skirmish at Castle- naudari, ii. 38. Execution of, ii. 39. Montmorency, mademoiselle de, i. 294.
Montmorin, a noted royalist, acquit.. ted by the revolutionary tribunal, in order to provoke the people, and to prove the necessity of more sum mary modes of justice and of ven- geance, ii. 268.
Mirabeau, ii. 225. His answer to De Brezé when he summoned the con- stitutional assembly to depart, by order of the king, ii. 229. Proposes to the king to countermand the troops which thronged around Paris, and to form the citizens of Paris into a civic guard, ii. 281. Leagues secretly with the court to support the crown, and recover for it a por- Montpensier, duchess de, i. 271. tion of strength requisite for its ex- Moore, Sir John, iii. 228. Killed in istence, ii. 243. Advises the king the battle of Corunna, iii. 230. to retire to Metz; and there, at the Morat, battle of, i. 127.
Montpensier, duc de, i. 139. Death of, i. 140.
head of an independent force, treat Morbec, a knight of Arras, i. 86. with the nation, ii. 244. Death of, Moreau, general, sent to replace
Miranda, iii. 38. Mismandre, ii. 239.
Miron, provost of the merchants of Paris, ii. 16.
Molé, the president, i. 280. His hero- 'ism, when threatened by an infu- riated mob, ii. 71. Molwitz, battle of, ii. 167. Monçada, viceroy of Naples; death of, i. 176.
Mönch, leader of the French in the battle of St. Jaques, killed by a captain of Uri, i. 112. Monneins, governor of Bourdeaux, i. 209.
Mons, siege of, ii. 108.
Montaigne publishes his Essays, i. 281.
Montbazon, madame de, ii. 57. Montcontour, battle of, i. 247.
Montebello, duc de, iii. 160. Montenotte, battle of, iii. 107. Montespan, madame de, ii. 89. Montesquieu visits London, ii. 146. Style of his writings, ii. 154. Montfort, count de, i. 80. His death, J. 81.
Pichegru on the Rhine, iii. 105. Obliged to retreat through the Black Forest, iii. 114. Arrest of, iii. 179. Trial of, iii. 181. Mortally wound- ed in the battle of Dresden, iii. 265. Morpeth, envoy of Great Britain to the court of Prussia, iii. 203. Mortier, general, iii. 175. Moscow, the burning of, iii. 256. Mounier, ii. 226.
Muhlberg, battle of, i. 211. Murat, iii. 113. Sent to Naples by Napoleon, iii. 177. Created a Ger- man prince, iii. 200. Marriage of, with Caroline Bonaparte, iii. 201. Takes the place of Joseph Bona. parte on the throne of Naples, on his being declared king of Spain, iii. 225.
Muret, battle of, 1. 49.
Muscovy invaded by the Moguls, i. 57. N.
Nantes, the famous edict of, issued, i. 287. Repeal of, ii. 10.
Naples invaded by Conradin, i. 64. Becomes the Parthenopian repub. lic, iii. 139.
Napoleon Bonaparte born, 1769; edu
cated at the artillery school of Bri- enne; appointed by the convention to command the siege of Toulon, iii. 60. Appointed to succeed gen- eral Menou in the command of the national army, iii. 96. Appointed to the command of the army in Italy, iii. 105. Marries Josephine, widow of general Beauharnois, ib. Dispatched to the Alps, iii. 106. Gains the victory of Montenotte, iii. 107. Marches to crush the Sar- dinian army, and menace Turin, in order to force that court to abandon the alliance of Austria, iii. 108. Treats with Colli, the Sardinian general, and requires the surrender of all the important fortresses of the kingdom, iii. 109. His address to his soldiers, ib. Writes to the directory; their answer, iii. 110. His reply; achieves the conquest of Piedmont, ib. Gains the battle of Lodi, iii. 112. Enters the Venetian states, ib. Forms the siege of Man. tua, iii. 113. Calls a council of war; abandons Mantua; marches to repulse Quasdonowitch, iii. 115. Wurmser, with upwards of 3000 inen, surrender to him, iii. 116. Re- sumes the siege of Mantua; attacks Davidowitch; defeats him at Ro- veedo, iii. 117. Joined by Josephine in Italy, iii. 118. Attacks Alvinzi; endeavors to drive him from Calde- ro, 119. Obliged to retire to Vero- na, ib. Joins the legion marching to chastise Rome for its late demon- stration; grants terms to the pope at Toletino, iii. 123. Writes to the archduke Charles proposing peace; the Austrian court replies by send- ing negotiators, who signed a pre- liminary treaty of peace at Leo- ben, iii. 125. Declares war against Venice, iii. 129. Anecdote of, iii. 134. Returns to Paris; his trium- phal welcome there, ib. Accepts the command of an army to effect the conquest of England, iii. 135. Sails in the expedition against Egypt, iii. 136. Takes possession of Malta, ib. Takes Alexandria; commences his march up the Nile to Cairo, ib. Called by the Arabs the Sultan of Fire, ib. Returns to France; takes Jaffa by storm, iii. 143. Returns to Egypt, iii. 144. Returns secretly to France, leaving his army to the command of gene- ral Kleber, with Menou as his lieu- tenant, iii. 145. Reaches the shores of Provence; received by the inhab itants as their deliverer, iii. 147. Arrives in Paris, iii. 148. Charged with the command of the troops of
the capital, iii. 149. His address to Bottot, the secretary of Barras, ib. His address to the president of the council of ancients, iii. 150. Made provisional consul; charged with preparing the new constitution, iii. 155. Instals himself in the palace of Luxembourg, ib. Leaves Lux- embourg for the Tuilleries, iii. 157. His letter to the monarch of Great Britain, ib. Leaves Paris; enters Milan; seizes all the letters and communications passing betwixt Melas and Vienna, iii. 159. His observation to Kellerman, after the battle of Marengo, iii. 162. Returns to Paris; enthusiastically received by the people, ib. An attempt made to assassinate him, iii. 164. Re-es- tablishes the Catholic religion in France, iii. 165. Gains a concordat from the pope, ib. Concludes a peace with the British government at Amiens, iii. 168. Decreed first consul for ten years, in addition to the ten already allotted, iii. 170. Demands that the Bourbons should be expelled from England; he meets with a firm and generous denial, iii. 172. His. interview with lord Whitworth, the British ambassador, iii. 173. Makes offers of peace to England and Russia; commences war with Russia, iii. 174. Re-com mences war with England, iii. 175. Conspiracies Conspiracies against, iii. 179. Causes the duc d'Enghien to be murdered, iii. 180. Character of, iii. 183. Styled emperor of the French by a decree passed the 18th of May, 1804, iii. 184. On assuming his new title, he visits Boulogne, ib. Hurries to Aix-la-Chapelle; knowledged by the emperor of Aus- tria, iii. 185. Coronation of, ib Takes a journey to Miian, in order to change his title of president of the Cisalpine republic to that of king of Naples, iii. 190. His letter to Le Brun, governor of Genoa, ib. His conversation with Bourriene on the subject of the intended war with England, iii. 191. His address to his soldiers, iii. 194. Enters Vi- enna, ib. His interview with the emperor of Austria, iii. 199. Enters Berlin, iii. 208. Meditates re-estab- lishing the ancient kingdom of Po- land; presses the siege of Dantzic, iii. 210. Dispatches a messenger with offers of peace to the king of Prussia, iii. 212. Madrid surrenders to; abolition of the inquisition by, iii. 229. His displeasure at Jose- phine's answer to the congratula. tions of the legislative body on the
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