VALENTINE & COMPANY,

MAKERS OF

FINE CAR VARNISHES,

88 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK.

"Goods put up in 1 and 5 gallon cans, and barrels of 45 gallons.,
In latter shape an allowance is made of 20 cents per gallon, to
cover difference in cost of barrels and tins. For

(For under-coats outside, and finishing inside; also, for finishing Locomotives)

Quick Leveling Varnish..........

(For under-coats on inside work and Locomotives; also for quickening
the Railway Body and Hard Drying Body.)

MISCELLANEOUS,

4.00

(For producing a hard and level surface on bodies of Cars.)

Dark Permanent Wood-Filling...

4.00

(A patent article for priming outside work, and permanently filling and
darkening natural woods.)

Light Permanent Wood-Filling..

4 00

(Precisely same as above, but being light colored, it fills without staining
the natural wood, and is specially adapted to priming Cars.)

Collier & Scranton; Oxford Iron Co................New York.....
See also, Spikes.

FOREIGN MONEY, IN U. S. CURRENCY.

(Condensed from Trautwine.)

.New York......See Pages 152, 154
.See Page 140

Railroad Spikes.

.See Page 122

Chicago Spring Works,

MANUFACTURERS OF

EXTRA TEMPERED

Light Elliptic Cast Steel Springs

FOR CARS AND LOCOMOTIVES.

Daniel's Patent Car Spring,

FOR FREIGHT CARS.

Rates and Terms as low as can be made. Every Spring fully tested and warranted, and orders always promptly filled.

F. M. ATKINSON, Pres't and Sup't.

OFFICE and WORKS:

No. 235 South Clinton Street, Chicago.

Rule 1st-To find elasticity of a given steel-plate spring; Breadth of plate in inches multiplied by cube of the thickness in inch, and by number of plates; divide cube of span in inches by prod ct so found, and multiply by 1.66. Result, equal elasticity in 1⁄4 of an inch per ton of load.

Rule 2d-To find span due to a given elasticity, and number and size of plate; Multiply elasticity in sixteenths per ton, by breadth of plate in inches, and divide by cube of the thickness in inches, and by the number of plates; divide by 1.66 and find cube root of the quotient. Result, equal span in inches.

Rule 3d-To find number of plates due to a given elasticity, span and size of plates: Multiply the cube of the span in inches by 1.66; multiply the elasticity in sixteenths by the breadth of the plate in inches, and by the cube of the thickness in sixteenths; divide the former product by the latter. The quotient is the number of plates.

Rule 4th-To find working strength of a given steel-plate spring: Multiply the breadth of plate in inches by the square of the thickness in sixteenths, and by the number of plates; multiply also the working span in inches by 11.3; divide the former product by the latter. Result, equal working strength in tons burden.

Rule 5th-To find span due to a given strength and number, and size of plate; Multiply the breadth of plate in inches by the square of the thickness in sixteenths, and by the number of plates; multiply, also, the strength in tons by 11.3; divide the former product by the latter. Result equal working span in inches.

Rule 6th-To find the number of plates due to a given strength, span and size of plate: Multiply the strength in tons by span in inches, and divide by 11.3; multiply also the breadth of plate in inches by the square of the thickness in sixteenths; divide the former product by the latter. Result, equal number of plates.

The span is that due to the form of the spring loaded. Extra thick plates must be replaced by an equivalent number of plates of the ruling thickness, before applying the rule. To find this, multiply the number of extra plates by the square of their thickness, and divide by the square of the ruling thickness; conversely, the number of plates of the ruling thickness to be removed for a given number of extra plates, may be found in the same way.

PENRHYN SLATE COMPANY,

MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN

ROOFING SLATE

OF ALL KINDS AND COLORS.

MARBLEIZED SLATE MANTLES, Hearths, Floor Tile and Black Boards.

Quarries and Manufactory,

MIDDLE GRANVILLE,

Washington Co., New York.)

----

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A. F. WATERS, Western Agt.,

304 MAIN STREET,

BUFFALO, N. Y.

E. L. HEDSTROM,

29 SENECA ST., BUFFALO, N. Y.,

WHOLESALE DEALER IN

WILKESBARRE PITTSTON, LEHIGH & BLOSSBURG COALS.

IMPORTER OF

Scotch Pig Iron,

SALES AGENT FOR

LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL PIG IRON,

FOR CAR WHEELS AND MALLEABLE IRON.

PARMELEE & BONNELL,

Nos. 55 to 59 Main St., BUFFALO, N. Y.,

MANUFACTURERS OF

Railroad Hand Lanterns,

Railroad Signal Lanterns, THREE COLORS.
Railroad Engineers' Lanterns,

Railroad Conductors' Lanterns,

(BRASS AND NICKEL PLATED.)

Railroad Switch Lights, Patent Bar Oilers, &c.