Pope. But, though the felon on his back could dare The dreadful leap, more rational, his steed Declined the death, and wheeling swiftly round, Or e'er his hoof had pressed the crumbling verge, Baffled his rider, saved against his will. Cowper. Next view in state, proud prancing on his roan, The golden-crested haughty Marmion, Now forging scrolls, now foremost in the fight, Not quite a felon, yet but half a knight, The gibbet or the field prepared to grace, A mighty mixture of the great and base. Byron. FELONY, says Blackstone, in the general acceptation of the law, comprises every species of crime which occasions, at common law, the forfeiture of lands or goods. This most frequently happens in those crimes for which a capital punishment either is or was to be inflicted: for those felonies that are called clergyable, or to which the benefit of clergy extends, were anciently punished with death in all lay, or unlearned, offenders; though now, by the statute law, that punishment is for the first offence universally remitted. Treason itself, says Sir Edward Coke, was anciently comprised under the name of felony and, in confirmation of this, we may observe that the statute of treasons, 25 Ed. III. c. 2, speaking of some dubious crimes, directs a reference to parliament that it may be there adjudged 'whether they be treason or other felony.' All treasons, therefore, strictly speaking, are felonies; though all felonies are not treason. And all offences now capital are in some degree or other felony: but this is likewise the case with some other offences which are not punished with death; as suicide, where the party is already dead; homicide by chance-medley, or in self-defence; and petit larceny, or pilfering; all of which are, strictly speaking, felonies, as they subject the committers of them to forfeitures. So that, upon the whole, the only adequate definition of felony seems to be, an offence which occasions a total forfeiture of lands or goods, or both, at the common law; and to which capital or other punishment may be superadded, according to the degree of guilt. To explain this farther: The word felony, or felonia, is of undoubted feodal original, being frequently to be met with in the books of feuds, &c.; but the derivation of it has much puzzled the juridical lexicographers, Pratæus, Calvinus, and the rest: some deriving it from the Greek pnλog, an impostor or deceiver; others from the Latin fallo, fefelli, to countenance which they would have it called felonia. a still stranger etymology; that it is crimen animo felleo perpetratum, 'with a bitter or gallish inclination.' But all of them agree in the description, that it is such a crime as works a forfeiture of all the offender's lands or goods. And this gives a great probability to Sir Henry Spelman's Teutonic or German derivation of it: in which language indeed, as the word is clearly of feodal original, we ought rather to look for its signification, than among the Greeks and Romans. Fe-lon then, according to him, is derived from two northern words; fee, which signifies the fief, feud, or beneficiary estate; and lon, which signifies price or value. Felony is therefore the same as pretium feudi, the consideration for which a man gives up his fief; as we say in common speech, such an act is as much as your life, or estate, is worth. In this sense it will clearly signify the feodal forfeiture, or act by which an estate is forfeited, or escheats, to the lord. Sir Edward Coke has given us To confirm this, we may observe, that it is in this sense, of forfeiture to the lord, that the feodal writers constantly use it. For all those acts, whether of a criminal nature or not, which at this day are generally forfeitures of copy-hold estates, are styled felonia in the feodal law: scilicet, per quas feudum amittitur.' As 'si domino deservire noluerit; si per annum et diem cessaverit in petenda investitura: si dominum ejuravit, i. e. negavit se à domino feudum habere; si à domino in jus eum vocante, ter citatus non comparuerit;' all these, with many others, are still causes of forfeiture in our copy-hold estates, and were denominated felonies by the feodal constitutions. So likewise injuries of a more substantial or criminal nature were denominated felonies, that is forfeitures: as assaulting or beating the lord; vitiating his wife or daughter; 'si dominium cucurbitaverit, i. e. cum uxore ejus concubuerit:' all these are esteemed felonies, and the latter is expressly so denominated, si fecerit feloniam, dominium forte cucurbitando. And as these contempts, or smaller offences, were felonies, or acts of forfeiture, of course greater crimes, as murder and robbery, fell under the same denomination. On the other hand, the lord might be guilty of felony, or forfeit his seignory to the vassal, by the same act as the vassal would have forfeited his feud to the lord. Si dominus commisit felonian, per quam vasallus amitteret feudum si eam commiserit in dominum, feudi proprietatem etiam dominus perdere debet. One instance given of this sort of felony in the lord is beating the servant of his vassal, so as that he loses his services, which seems merely in the nature of a civil injury, so far as it respects the vassal. And all these felonies were to be determined, 'per juramentum sive judicium parium suorum,' in the lord's court; as with us forfeitures of copy-hold lands are presentable by the homage in the court-baron. Felony, and the act of forfeiture to the lord, being thus synonymous terms in the feodal law, we may easily trace the reason why, upon the introduction of that law into England, those crimes which induced such forfeiture or escheat of lands (and, by a small deflexion from the original sease, such as induced the forfeiture of goods also) were denominated felonies. Thus it was that suicide, robbery, and rape, were felonies; that is, the consequence of such crimes was forfeiture; till by long use we began to signify, by the term felony, the actual crime committed, and not the penal consequence. And upon this system only can we account for the cause why treason, in ancient times, was held to be a species of felony; because it induced a forfeiture. Hence it follows, that capital punishment does by no means enter into the true idea and definition of felony. Felony may be without inflicting capital punishment, as in the cases instanced of self-murder, excusable homicide, and petit larceny: as in case of heresy by the common law, which, though capital, never worked any forfeiture of lands or goods, an inseparable incident to felony. And of the same nature was the punishment of standing mute, without pleading to an indictment; which at the common law was capital, but without any forfeiture, therefore such standing mute was no felony. In short the true criterion of felony is forfeiture; for, as Sir Edward Coke justly observes, in all felonies which are punishable with death, the offender loses all his lands in fee simple, and also his goods and chattels; in such as are not punishable, his goods and chattels only. The idea of felony is indeed so generally connected with that of capital punishment, that we find it hard to separate them; and to this usage the interpretations of the law now conform. And therefore, if a statute make any new offence felony, the law implies that it shall be punished with death, viz. by hanging as well as with forfeiture: unless the offender prays for benefit of clergy; which all felons are entitled once to have, unless the same is expressly taken away by statute. If a statute make the doing of an act felonious, and a subsequent act make it penal only, the latter is considered as a virtual repeal of the former. Felonies are several, and cannot be joint; so that the pardon of one felon cannot discharge another; though the felony of one man may be dependent upon that of another. Henry I. was the first who ordered felons to be hanged, about the year 1108. The judgment against a man for felony has been the same since the reign of that king, i. e. that he be hanged by the neck till dead; which is entered suspendatur per collum, &c., 4 Inst. 124. As well as loss of life, felony is punished with forfeiture of lands not entailed, goods and chattels. Heretofore felony worked corruption of blood; unless a statute making an offence felony ordained it otherwise, as many statutes did; and at last, by stat. 54 Geo. III. c. 145, no corruption of blood takes place for any felony (not treason) except murder or petty treason. The punishment of a person for felony, by our ancient books, is 1. To lose his life 2. To lose his blood, as to his ancestry, and so as to have neither heir nor posterity; 3. To lose his goods; 4. To lose his lands, and the king shall have annum diem et vastum, to the intent that his wife and children be cast out of the house, his house pulled down, and all that he had for his comfort or delight destroyed. 4 Rep 124. By stat. 53 Geo. III., c. 162, any court may pass on persons convicted of felony with benefit of clergy (or of grand or petit larceny) sentence of imprisonment to hard labor, either singly and alone, or in addition to any other sentence. former provision, as to passing this sentence on felons, by 52 Geo. III. c. 44, is repealed by this act. 53 Geo. III. A Private persons may arrest felons by their own. authority, or by warrant from a justice of peace; and every private person is bound to assist an officer to take felons, &c. But no one ought to be arrested upon suspicion of felony, except there be probabilis causa showed for the ground of the suspicion. If a felony is not done by a man, but some person else, if another hath probable cause to suspect he is the felon, and accordingly doth arrest him, this is lawful and may be justified. But, to make good such justification, there must be in fact a felony committed by some person, without which there can be no ground of suspicion. 2 Hale's Hist. P. C. 78. A private man arresting one for felony, cannot justify breaking doors, to take the party suspected; but he doth it at his peril, viz if in truth he be a felon it is justifiable; but if innocent, then it is not. To prevent a murder, or manslaughter, private persons may break doors open. 2 Hale 82. Officers may break open a house to take a felon, or any person justly suspected of felony; and if an officer hath a warrant to take a felon, who is killed in resisting, it is not felony in the officer; but if the officer is killed it is otherwise. Watchmen and beadles have authority at common law to arrest and detain in prison for examination by a magistrate, persons walking in the streets at night, whom there is reasonable ground to suspect of felony, although there is no proof of a felony having been committed. 3 W. P. Taunton, 14. Persons indicted of felony, &c., where there are strong presumptions and circumstances of guilt, are not replevisable; but for larceny, &c., when persons are committed who are of good reputation, they may be bailed. 2 Hawk. P. C. The former part of the position must be, with an exception to the power of the court of king's bench. If one be committed to prison for one felony, the justices of gaol delivery may try him for another felony, for which he was not committed, by virtue of their commission, 1 Lil. 602. In the highest crime, and in the lowest species of felony, viz. in petit larceny, and in all the misdemeanors, standing mute hath always been an equivalent to conviction. But upon appeals or indictments for other felonies, or petit treason, the prisoner was not by the ancient law looked upon as convicted, so as to receive judgment for the felony, but should, for his obstinacy, have received a terrible sentence of penance, or peine forte et dure. See MUTE, STANDING. Where a married woman commits felony, in company with her husband, it shall be presumed to be done by his command, and she shall be excused. 3 Inst. 310. Where one steals another's goods, and a third person feloniously takes them from him, he is a felon as to both the others. There is also a pretence of title to things unlawfully taken, which maybe only a trick to color felony: the ordinary discovery of a felonious intent is, if the party doth it secretly, or being charged with the goods denies it. If a person to whom goods are delivered, on a pretended buying them, runs away with them, it is felony and a guest stealing plate set before him at an inn, &c. is felony; also persons who have the charge of things, as a servant of a chamber, &c., may be guilty of felony: and the least removing of a thing in attempts of felony, is felony, though it be not carried off. 3 Inst. 308. Raym. 275. But base kinds of goods, such as dogs, &c., being stolen, cannot constitute a felony: nor feræ naturæ, as deer, hares, &c., except they be made tame, when it will be felony to steal them. If any turkeys, geese, poultry, fish in a trunk, &c., are taken away, it is felony. 3 Inst. 309, 310. Stealing of tame peacocks is felony; so of herons and young hawks in their nests; it is otherwise of pheasants, partridges, conies, &c., although they be so kept that they cannot escape; if they be not reclaimed and known. The owner of goods stolen prosecuting the felon to conviction, cannot recover the value of them in trover from the person who purchased them in market overt, and sold them again before conviction, notwithstanding the owner gave him notice of the robbery, while they were in his possession; but he has a right to restitution of the goods in specie. 2 Term Rep. K. B. 750. Under the term felony, in commissions, &c., are included petit treason, murder, homicide, burning of houses, burglary, robbery, rape, &c., chance-medley, se defendendo, and petit larceny. All felonies punishable according to the course of the common law, are either by the common law or by statute. Piracy, robbery, and murder on the sea, are punishable by the civil statute law. 1 Inst. 391. Felony, by the common law, is against the life of a man; as murder, manslaughter, felo de se, se defendendo, &c. Against a man's goods, such as larceny and robbery: against his habitation, as burglary, arson or house-burning: and against public justice, as breach of prison. 3 Inst. 31. It is not easy to recapitulate the vast variety of offences which are made felony, by the almost innumerable statutes which have been from time to time made on this subject: which we are happy to believe is, at the period we are writing, undergoing important revision in the highest quarter. But we copy from Sir T. E. Tomlyn's Law Dictionary the following general account of felonies, by statute; within clergy, and without. FELONIES WITHIN CLERGY. Armour, the king's, embezzling.-Assaults, with intent to spoil persons' dress; or with intent tc rob.-Bail, personating before commissioners.-Bank paper, forging or preparing.-Bigamy.-Bills of Exchange, foreign, forging.-Bleaching grounds, robbing.-Bridges, destroying, several specified in different statutes.- Burning ricks of corn, nay, &c.--Cattle, sheep, &c. killing in the night maliciously, or slaughtering horses without notipe-Child-stealing.-Cloth, stealing from ten ters, third offence.-Collieries, destroying engines to drain.—Commons, destroying enclosures of.— Copper, removing from a house to steal it, assisting therein, or buying it when stolen.-Corn, destroying granaries; second offence.-Customs; harbouring smugglers, and assisting to run goods.-Deer stealing.- Dikes, cutting in marsh land.-Fishing in enclosed pond, &c., with intent to steal; or buying stolen fish.-Foreign State, going out of the realm to serve without taking the oath of allegiance.- Forests, destroying enclosures in; third offence.- Forgery of bank bills, foreign bills, customs' debentures, stamps for marking plate, &c.- Frume-workknitting machines, destroying.- Gaoler, forcing a prisoner to become an approver (impeacher). Hawk, stealing.-Hunting, in the night or in disguise.-Jewels and plate stolen, receiving of. Iron bars fixed to buildings, stealing.-King or his council, conspiring to destroy.-Laborers; confederacy of masons against the statute of laborers.-Lead; entering black-lead mines with intent to steal; stealing lead affixed to buildings; or buying or receiving it when stolen.-Locks, floodgates, sluices or banks, destroying.—Maiming another.-Marriage, clandestine, solemnising.-Miscarriage, attempting to procure though the woman be not quick with child.— Money; exporting silver, importing false money, blanching copper, putting off counterfeit money, or counterfeiting copper money, or tokens issued by the bank.-Mutiny and desertion in seamen or soldiers.-Oysters and their brood, taking from beds.-Palaces of the king, entering with intent to steal.-Pewter, stolen, buying or receiving.-Plague, persons infected with, going out of doors.-Polygamy, or bigamy.- Post-office, frauds in, as to postage of letters.-Privily stealing from the person.-Process, opposing execution of, in pretended privileged places.-Public works, injuring or damaging.—Records, withdrawing or secreting.-Resucing prisoners for treason or felony; or offenders against statutes concerning spirituous liquors; or offenders condemned to hard labor; or bodies of murderers. -Robbery, of furniture from lodgings; assaulting with intent to rob.-Rogues, incorrigible, escaping from the house of correction or offending a second time.--Servants taking their master's goods at his death; assaulting master woolcomber or weaver; embezzling goods to the value of 40s.--Sheep, exporting alive; second offence.-Ships, destroying; forcibly preventing the lading, sailing, &c., of ships by seamen, keelmen, and others. Smugglers, assisting, &c., Stamp duties, frauds respecting.-Stolen goods, buyers or receivers of, or person taking reward to discover.-Stores, government, embezzling.— Trees, shrubs, &c., destroying in nurseries or gardens to the value of 5s.-Turnpikes, gates, toll-houses, &c., destroying.—Warrens, entering in the night and killing conies.- Watermen,carrying too many passengers, if any drowned.— Woods. setting fire to. FELONIES WITHOUT CLERGY. Abortion, procuring.-Accessaries, in certain cases.- Aliens returning from transportation.-Arson.— Bail, personating.—Bank of England,clerks embezzling notes; altering dividend warrant: &c.; paper makers unauthorised using moulds for notes (See post, Forgery).-Banks, of the sea, destroying. -Bankrupt, not surrendering; concealing his estate, &c.-Bastard, murdering, &c.-Black act, offenders under.-Bridges, wilfully damaging those of London, Westminster, and Fulham.Burglary.-Burning houses, or barns with corn. -Cattle, stealing or maiming.-Challenging jurors, above twenty, in felonies ousted of clergy. -Cloth, stealing from the tenters.-Coal mines, setting fire to.-Coining.-Cottons, selling, with forged stamps.—Customs; smugglers shooting at or wounding officers of the navy or customhouse; harbouring transported offenders; not surrendering on proclamation.-Cutting, maliciously.-Deeds, enrolled, acknowledging in the name of another robbing.-Fences of commons, destroying.-Fish ponds, Fens, destroying works for draining of.-Fines, acknowledging in another's name.-Forgeries of deeds, transfers of stock, stamps, bills, notes, wills, registers, &c. &c.-Highway robbery.-Hops, cutting the binds.-Horse stealing.-Judgments, acknowledging in another's name.-Letters, threatening, sending; or rescuing offenders so doing.-Linen, stealing from bleaching grounds; or cutting or destroying.— Mail, robbing, or stealing letters from post- office.-Maiming; maliciously lying in wait for that purpose.-Malicious in juries, viz. shooting at, stabbing, &c., giving medicine to procure miscarriages: setting fire to houses, out-houses, &c.-Marshes; setting fire to engines for draining.—Mariners wandering without testimonials, and see stat. 39 Eliz. c. 17, sec. 4(post, Seaman).-Marriage, forcible.-Mines, damaging.-Miscarriage, procuring, when the woman is quick with child.-Money, uttering false money; third offence.-Murder.—Mute, standing on trial for treason or felony.-Northern borders, thieves and spoilers in Cumberland, Northumberland, Westmoreland, and Durham.Outlawry, for felonies without clergy.-Perjury, convicts for escaping, breaking prison, or returning from transportation.-Personating bail, seamen, pensioners, nominees of annuities, &c.Piracy; under which is included, sailors hindering the captain of a ship from fighting, by forcible restraint.-Poisoning of malice prepensed, and administering with intent to murder, &c. Popish recusants, priests and jesuits in certain - Post-office; robbing mail, secreting letters, &c.-Prisoners forswearing themselves under insolvent acts, refusing to deliver up, or concealing their effects; escaping from confinement to hard labor; second offence.-Privy Counsellors, attempting to kill.-Quarantine, neglecting the regulations for performing. Rape.-Rescuing convicts from transportation, or murderers.- Rebels returning from transportation, their aiders and correspondents.-Recognizance or recovery, acknowledging in another's name.-Riots, and destroying buildings. Robbery, of churches, on the highway, in booths in fairs, dwelling-houses, shops, ware-houses, coachhouses, or stables: on board vessels; in wharfs; in lodgings, ifʼabove 12d. value; stealing exchequer orders, bank notes, navy bills, promissory notes, &c.-Sea; treasons, robberies, murders, &c. upon.-Seamen, personating to receive their cases. pay.-Ships of war, and others, wilfully destroying.-Shooting at another.-Silk; destroying any silk or velvet in the loom, or the tools for manufacturing thereof.-Smuggling, and assembling armed for that purpose.-Sodomy.—Soldiers; deserting, wandering without testimonials, personating them.-Stabbing maliciously.-South Sea Company; servants embezzling their effects.Stamps, counterfeiting.-Stolen goods, helping to a reward in certain cases.-Stores, government; embezzling, or burning, or destroying, in dock yards.—Transportation, returning from, or being at large in the kingdom after sentence.-Turnvikes, gates, weighing engines, locks, sluices, &c., destroying. — Wool; destroying woolien goods, racks, or tools, or forcibly entering a house for that purpose.-Women, stealing, and marrying.-Wreck of ships, causing by stealing pumps, &c., stealing shipwrecked goods, or kill ing shipwrecked persons. FELOOPS, a people of Western Africa, inhabiting the south side of the Gambia. Their country is extensive, and abounds with rice and bees' wax, with which, as well as with goats and poultry, they supply the European traders. They also make their honey into an intoxicating liquor, similar to mead. They are described as wild and unsociable, and have a language of their own. Their trade is generally conducted by a Mandingo factor, who speaks a little English. FELSPAR, in mineralogy, Germ. feldspath. Of this mineral there are five sub-species, viz. adularia, common felspar, continuous felspar, Labradore felspar, and compact felspar. 1. Adularia, or moonstone of Kirwan. Color greenish-white; and when thin, pale fleshred by transmitted light. Massive and crystallised. Primitive form an oblique four-sided prism, with two broad and two narrow lateral planes; the lateral edges are 120° and 60°. Lustre splendent, intermediate between vitreous and pearly. Cleavage threefold. Fracture imperfect conchoidal. Semitransparent. Refracts double; softer than quartz, and easily frangible. Specific gravity 2.5. It melts before the blowpipe, without flux, into a white transparent glass. Its constituents are sixty-four silica, twenty alumine, two lime, and fourteen potash. It occurs in drusy cavities, in granite and gneiss, in the island of Arran, in Norway, Switzerland, France, and Germany. The finest crystals are found in the mountain of Stella, a part of St. Gothard. Rolled pieces, exhibiting a most beautiful pearly light, are collected in the island of Ceylon. Moonstone adularia is found in Greenland; and all the varieties in the United States. Under the name of moonstone it is worked by lapidaries. 2. F. vulgare, common felspar, spath. fusible of Desmaretz, spath. etinulant. spathum pyromachum.-Its color is most commonly flesh-red, sometimes bluish-gray, oftener yellowish-white, or milk white, or brownish yellow, rarely blue, or olive green; and lately, in one instance, black. Amorphous and interspersed, sometime crystallised in rhomboids, or six or eight sided prisms; seldom right angled, very seldom in pellucid needles, tables, or polygons. Its lustre when broke across, 0; in other directions, 2.3.1. Its transparency, 2-1. Its fracture discovers a straight foliated texture. The lamellæ polished, and shining often on four sides, cross fracture uneven. Its fragments rhomboidal, or tending to that form. It generally presents granular distinct concretions, either large or small. Its hardness, from nine to ten. Its specific gravity, from 2,437 to 2,600; the greenish seem to extend to 2,70. The yellow felspar of Port François, in North America, is so brittle as not to bear the slightest friction; when heated it becomes red. When heated, the crystallised frequently decrepitate: a quadrangular prism of crystallised felspar of Baveno, of a reddish-white color, and whose specific gravity was 2,437, melted at 130°, into a gray semitransparent porous glass, and at 154° into a compact semi-transparent glass. Another from Silesia, which was not crystallised, and whose specific gravity was 2,554, and of a gray ye!lowish white color, melted at 119°, into a gray, smooth, almost compact, semi-transparent glass; and, being mixed with an equal weight of Carrara marble, it melted at 105°, into a white opaque, almost compact mass of a silky lustre. The green becomes pale reddish when heated. Alkalies flux this stone with great difficulty; microcosmic salt, and particularly borax, is more effectual. According to Gerhard, the purest felspar found in granites contains 0.46 silex, 0.30 argill, and 0.06 calx. Here 0.18 parts are missing, a loss too great to be imputed to the escape of air and water. Vauquelin analysed the green Liberian felspar, and found it to consist of Magnesia was indicated in felspar by Mr. Bergman, and though not found by many of the subsequent analysts, Monnet found it jointly with silex, argill, and calx, in the felspar he examined; and Chaptal observed it to exist in greater plenty in the red than in white felspar. Scopoli, in felspar of Baveno, found 0.63 silex, 0-17 argill, 0-06 magnesia, 0-02 calx, and 0.07 of iron, loss 0:05. With respect to iron, it is highly improbable that this felspar, which is of the purest kind, should contain any. That which appeared may most probably be ascribed to the Prussian alkali he employed in the analysis. From these different analyses it appears that any compound of silex and argill, in which silex predominates, and to which a sufficient, but smaller proportion of calx and magnesia, or of calx, magnesia, and barytes, is added to render the whole fusible in a heat not exceeding 140°, may form a felspar, and will undoubtedly be so called, if at the same time it presents a foliated texture; but iron appears to be a foreign ingredient. 3. Continuous felspar. Its color is reddishgray, or flesh-colored; or pale reddish-yellow, or olive-green. It occurs in mass, and generally contains common crystallised felspar dispersed through it in various proportions. It is sometimes dull, but generally possesses a feeble glimmering lustre; it is translucent on the edges; its fracture is fine splintery, passing into uneven earthy; its fragments are indeterminately angular; its hardness is fully equal to that of com mon felspar, and it is less brittle. It frequently consists of granular concretions, easily separable. A specimen of this sort, melted at 150° 5, into a porous porcelain mass, glazed on the surface. It differs from the amorphous stones of the first family in this, that the last has a foliated texture, and more lustre, and the fragments tend more to the rhomboidal shape; and also in fusibility. 4. Labradore felspar. Its color is of a light or dark gray, or bluish, or blackish gray; but, in certain positions and spots, reflecting blue, purple, red, green, &c. It chiefly occurs in blunted fragments. Its lustre 2.3. Its transparency 1.2.3. Its fracture straight foliated. Its fragments 2. Rhomboidal, with four polished faces, or tending to that shape. Sometimes without distinct concretions; sometimes with large or coarse grained, rarely with thick lamellar. Its hardness 10. Its specific gravity from 2.67 to 2-6925. At 130°, a specimen of the bluish gray, whose transparency was barely 1, and its specific gravity 2-672, was barely glazed on the outside; and at 155° the white part separated itself from the brown, and was melted. The brown was also imperfectly melted into an opaque porous brown porcelain. 5. Compact felspar. Colors, white, gray, green and red. Massive, disseminated, and crystallised in rectangular four-sided prisms. Lustre glistening, or glimmering. Fracture splintery and even. Translucent only on the edges. Easily frangible. Specific gravity 2.69. It melts with difficulty into a whitish enamel. Its constituents are, 51 silica, 30-5 alumina, 11.25 lime, 1.75 iron, 4 soda, 1.26 water.-Klapr. It occurs in mountain masses, beds, and veins in the Pentland hills, at Sala, Dannemora, and Hallefors in Sweden; in the Saxon Erze-gebirge, and the Hartz. The blue compact variety was discovered by Widenmann, at Krieglach, in Stiria, forming a granitic mass with white quartz and silvery mica: the green varieties occur in green porphyry and greenstone. FELT, n. s. & v. a. ¿ Sax. Felt; Ital. feltro; FELT RE, v. a. Dan. and Swed. filt; Belg. vilt. Woollen stuff or cloth made without weaving; the basis of hats: to felt or feltre, is to unite without weaving; to clot together. It were a delicate stratagem to shoe Shakspeare. King Lear. The same wool one man felts into a hat, another weaves it into cloth, another into kersey. Hale. To know whether sheep are sound or not, see that the felt be loose. Mortimer's Husbandry. |