The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough, with Some Account of His Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, Band 2

Archibald Alison

William Blackwood, 1852

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CHAPTER	1

Ruinous divisions which prevailed in Spain	2

Fall of Tortosa and Denia	3

Nugatory campaign on the Italian frontier	4

Projects of the courts of Turin and Berlin for the next campaign	5

Marlboroughs cold reception from the court of England and mission to the Hague	6

Increasing difficulties of Godolphin in the Ministry	7

Death of the Prince of Denmark	9

Mission of Mr Harley to the court of Hanover	257

Indecision of the court of Hanover and death of the Electress Sophia	258

Prudent conduct of the Elector at this crisis	259

Marlboroughs efforts to obtain an augmentation of force in the Low Coun tries	261

Counter measures of the Whigs and death of the Queen	262

Instantaneous measures of the Whigs to secure the succession	263

Marlboroughs measures to deceive Villars 22285 24	267

Marlboroughs prompt suppression of disaffection among the Guards	268

Deplorable situation of the French monarch	10

Great concessions offered by Louis	11

Counter proposals of the Allies	12

Progress of the negotiations	13

de Torcy secretly offers bribes to Marlborough which are refused	14

Remarkable conversation of M de Torcy with Marlborough	15

His sentiments expressed to M de Torcy on a peace	16

Ultimatum of the Allies which is rejected by France	17

Marlborough still labours to effect a pacification	18

False accusation against Marlborough of having prevented the peace	19

Resolution of the StatesGeneral on the rupture of the negotiations	20

Reflections on the rupture of this negotiation	21

Noble efforts of Louis to save France	22

Eulogy of M Dumont on the conduct of France on this occasion	23

Forces on both sides at the opening of the campaign Page 1	24

It was a sense of this advantage which made Napoleon engage in the Pen	31

Preparatory movements on both sides and interference of the Dutch	42

2	44

Commencement of the battle	48

Decisive attack by Lord Orkney on the centre	54

Blame unjustly thrown on the Prince of Orange in this battle	61

Their respective characteristics 428	62

Injudicious request of Marlborough to be made captaingeneral for life	67

Patriotic conduct of Godolphin and Marlborough on this occasion	71

Increasing jealousies of him at court	74

Great interests at stake in the bedchamber appointments	76

Attempts to gain over Marlborough to the Tories	77

INVASION OF RUSSIA BY CHARLES XII HIS DEFEAT AT PULTOWA BY THE CZAR	84

5	88

7	90

8	91

10	92

11	93

Rigorous demands of the Allies	109

Real reasons of the rupture of the conferences	110

General plan of the campaign of 1710	112

Marlboroughs departure for the Continent and arrival at the Hague	113

Commencement of the campaign agreed on between Eugene and Marl borough	114

Passage of the lines of the Scarpe	115

Description of Douai	116

Its investment and siege which Villars tries to raise	117

Anecdotes illustrative of the chivalrous character of the age	118

Both armies expect another battle	119

Villars retires without fighting	120

12	121

The Allies are unable to reach Arras but besiege Bethune	122

Great skill with which Villars averted the invasion of France on this occa sion	124

Siege and fall of Bethune	125

Increasing animosity to Marlborough in England He intends to besiege Calais	126

Siege and capture of St Venant	127

And of Aire	128

ib 13	129

General alarm at the augmentation of the public burdens	130

Argument of Bolingbroke on the subject	131

Real causes of the evils complained of	132

Envy of him among his own party	133

Final interview between the Queen and the Duchess of Marlborough	134

Appointment of the Duke of Shrewsbury as Lord Chamberlain by the Queen alone	135

Progress of the secret intrigue with Shrewsbury	137

Shrewsbury openly joins the Tories	138

Marlboroughs views on hearing of the appointment	140

Renewed contest regarding Colonel Hills promotion	141

The Queen resolves to dismiss Lord Sunderland	142

Marlborough in vain applies to the Duke of Shrewsbury	143

The Queen persists in her resolution and Sunderland is dismissed and Lord Dartmouth appointed	145

Marlboroughs anxiety lest Parliament should be dissolved	147

Consequences of these changes in administration in England ib 64 Their effect on the Continent and the Emperors letter to Marlborough	148

Renewed altercation between the Duchess and the Queen	149

Queen Annes answer to the Duchess	150

Artful measures of Harley to divide the Whigs	151

14	153

Noble conduct of Marlborough and his wise advice to the Duchess at this crisis	155

Harley and Mrs Masham resolve on Godolphins dismissal	156

CHAPTER IX	171

16	182

17	185

18	186

19	187

20	188

21	189

23	190

He passes the lines with entire success	191

Extraordinary success thus gained	192

Great fame earned by Marlborough by this exploit	194

Opinion of Rousset on this success ib 28 Commencement of the siege of Bouchain	195

Interesting operations on both sides during its progress	196

Fall of Bouchain	198

Reflections on this siege by a Hanoverian officer engaged in it	199

Ostensible preparations for war and real secret negotiations for peace by the ministry	200

Conditions of the preliminaries which were agreed to	201

Infamous libels with which Marlborough is assailed by the Tories	202

Malignant misrepresentations about the campaign of 1711 ib 36 Marlboroughs letter to Oxford on these libels	203

Real object of the Tories in these attacks on Marlborough	204

Charges brought against Marlborough of having embezzled public money	205

Marlboroughs decisive refutation of the charge ib 40 Marlborough returns home deeply hurt at the clandestine accommodation	207

Marlboroughs noble speech in the House of Peers	208

Resolution carried against ministers in the Peers	209

Counter address carried in the Commons and irresolution of the Queen	211

Oxford dismisses Marlborough	212

Universal joy among the enemies of England at these measures	213

Marlboroughs noble letter to the Queen on his dismissal	214

Eugenes arrival in England and noble conduct	216

Machinations of the Tories to inflame the Queen against Marlborough	217

Louis rises in his demands at Utrecht which turns into a private treaty between France and England	218

Forces of the Allies and French in Flanders and desperate situation of Louis	219

The defection of Britain saves France	221

Siege and capture of Quesnoy	222

Eloquent speech of Lord Halifax against the Peace in the House of Peers	223

Marlboroughs speech in seconding the motion of Halifax	224

The Ministers falsely declare the Allies to be parties to the negotiation	225

Conditions of the Treaty of Utrecht	226

Mournful separation of the English contingent from the Allies	228

Great difficulties now experienced in the negotiation with France	229

Landrecies is ineffectually besieged by Eugene	230

Villars destroys the detachment at Denain	231

Conclusion of the war between France and the Dutch at Utrecht	232

Austria continues the struggle and makes peace at Rastadt	233

Increased virulence of the libels against Marlborough	234

Renewed persecution against him in pecuniary affairs	235

Marlborough obtains passports and goes abroad	236

Death and character of Godolphin	237

Moral lessons to be deduced from Marlboroughs fall	238

The grasping disposition of Marlborough and the Whigs was one chief cause of his fall	239

It was the previous revolts against the Crown which occasioned this dis trust in the Sovereign	241

Errors of the people at this crisis	242

Faults of the Queen and the Tories at this crisis ib 74 Moral lesson from subsequent events	243

CHAPTER X	245

Marlborough is received with the highest honours on the Continent	246

Base ingratitude of the Imperial court to him	248

Continued malice against him at home	249

Suspension of the building of Blenheim at the public expense	250

Dissensions between Lady Masham and the Duchess of Somerset	252

And of Oxford and Bolingbroke in the cabinet ib 8 Strange mixture of parties in the Houses of Parliament	254

Contradictory measures of the Legislature in contemplation of a rupture	255

Marlboroughs conduct at this crisis	256

Commencement of the Rebellion in Scotland in 1715	269

26	271

Marlboroughs firm and prudent conduct on this crisis ib 27 Extent of the insurrection and measures of the Government	272

Early success of the insurgents	273

Movements in the south of Scotland and advance into England	275

Advance of the insurgents to Preston and their surrender there	276

Advance of Mar to Sheriffmuir	277

Commencement of the battle and success of Argyle on his right	278

Success of the insurgents on the right and in the centre	279

Indecisive result of the battle but which turns to the advantage of the English	280

Argyle is superseded in the command by Cadogan	281

Arrival of the Pretender in Scotland and his reception at Scone	282

Passing enthusiasm and real difficulties following on his arrival	283

Reembarkation of the Pretender and suppression of the insurrection	284

Conviction and sentence of Derwentwater c	286

Noble death of Derwentwater and Kenmure	287

Reflections on this subject and impolicy of death for political crimes	288

True way of dealing with such cases	289

Treachery of the English Government to the Catalans	290

Resolution and heroic efforts of the people	291

Arrival of the Duke of Berwick and forces of the besiegers	292

Preparations on both sides for the siege and opening of the trenches	293

Progress of the siege	294

Dreadful storm of the town	295

Humanity of Berwick to the besieged and termination of the War of the Succession	296

Biography of Marshal Berwick	297

His character	298

Last years of Louis XIV	299

His death	300

Fall of Bolingbroke at the court of the Pretender	301

Trial and acquittal of Oxford	302

56 Death of the Countess of Bridgewater and Countess of Sunderland	303

Marlborough is struck with palsy and his public life ended	304

His last years and death	305

And funeral	306

His place of interment in Westminster Abbey and at last at Blenheim	308

Marlboroughs fortune and will	309

Descent of the title and estates	310

Anecdote of a descendant of Marlborough at the battle of Fontenoy	311

Remarkable kindness of disposition in Marlborough	312

His character as a husband father and friend ib 66 His suavity of manners to all and its great effects on the Alliance	313

His humanity in war and care of his soldiers	314

His equanimity when assailed by his enemies and dismissed from office	315

His magnanimity in judging of others	316

False imputation against him of being adverse to peace and fond of money	317

Subsequent life and death of the Duchess of Marlborough	319

CHAPTER XI	321

Opposite interests and causes for which the parties contended	322

Magnitude of the danger which threatened Europe if France had proved successful	323

Results which might have followed the triumph of France ib 5 Opposite sides on political questions on which the parties were ranged similar to what ...	324

Yet fundamentally the Allies and France were in both cases ranged on the same sides	325

Important difference in the parties by whom the war was opposed in the times of Marlborough and of Napoleon	326

State of the opposite parties in Great Britain since the Great Rebellion	327

The union of parties had brought about the Revolution	329

Dangers which flowed from the Revolution The funding system	330

General terrors it excited in Great Britain	331

Bolingbrokes account of its dangers	332

General corruption which was induced in the country	333

system	335

His alarming picture of its effect on public morals	336

Strong principles of freedom and loyalty in the English character	337

Reaction of generous feelings in favour of the Tories in the advanced period of the war	338

Which distinctly appears in the votes and composition of the House of Commons	339

Character of Bolingbroke	340

His inconsistencies and faults	342

Character of Harley Earl of Oxford	343

Swift and the Tory writers in the press	344

Feelings and principles of the High Tories in regard to the war	345

It was these causes which overturned Marlborough	346

Great violations of moral rectitude in the mode of their attack on Marl borough	347

What was the danger to be guarded against in the Peace	349

The result has proved the Tories were wrong in their policy regarding it	350

Disastrous effects and serious dangers to England which followed the leaving a Bourbon on the Spanish throne	351

Examples of this in later times	352

These dangers have arisen solely from the Spanish alliance	353

Extraordinary coincidence in the crises of the two contests	361

What course the Tories should have pursued at the Treaty of Utrecht	368

CHAPTER XII	376

Page 12 Dangers of the opposite system	387

Reasons why Marlboroughs genius was underrated in his life	388

He was the perfection of genius matured by experience	389

His great address and suavity of manner	390

His character as a statesman	391

And in private	392

His political character after the Revolution ib 19 His faults and weaknesses	393

Circumstances which palliate these faults in him	394

His private character and elevated ideas in the disposal of money	395

His magnanimity and humanity	396

His character as drawn by Adam Smith and Bolingbroke	397

The five great generals of modern times	398

Leading characteristics of each ib 26 Character of Prince Eugene	399

His astonishing successes over the Turks	400

Narrow escape from ruin and wonderful victory at Belgrade	401

His character as a general and parallel to Napoleon	402

Daring and skill with which he extricated himself from dangers ib 31 Early life of Frederick the Great	403

His accession to the throne and vigorous application to its duties	404

His aggression on and conquest of Silesia and first victory at Mollwitz	405

His glorious successes over the Austrians	406

Who are at length obliged to make peace	407

His decided and indomitable character already appears	408

His great services to his kingdom during the next ten years of peace	409

Coalition of Austria Russia France Saxony and Sweden against Prussia ib 39 Frederick invades Saxony and conquers that country	410

Great effects of this stroke	411

He defeats the Austrians at Prague and is defeated at Kolin ib 42 Desperate situation of the Prussian monarchy	412

Fredericks marvellous victories at Rosbach and Leuthen	413

Disasters sustained by his troops in other quarters and victory of Zorndorf	414

Fredericks defeat at Hohenkirchen	415

Terrible battle of Cunnersdorf in which Frederick is defeated	416

Overwhelming misfortunes in other quarters ib 48 Victory of Frederick over Laudon at Liegnitz	417

Dreadful battle and victory of the Prussians at Torgau ib 50 Desperate state of Prussia at this time	418

Operations in the camp of Bunzelwitz in 1761	419

The death of the Empress of Russia restores his affairs	420

Wonderful result of the struggle	421

His character as a general	422

Comparison of Frederick and Napoleon	423

Their points of resemblance	424

Of Marlborough and Wellington ib 58 Points in which their situations differed	426

Great superiority of force with which Wellington had to contend	427

boroughs	429

Marlborough made more use of cavalry than Wellingtonand why	430

Napoleons and Hannibals opinion of cavalry	431

Marlborough was more successful than Wellington in sieges	432

Causes of this circumstance ib 67 Great and remarkable land triumphs of England over France	433

Long series of land disasters sustained by France from England	434

What have been the causes of this?	436

Value of contemporary correspondence in establishing historic truth	437

Its vast effect on Marlboroughs memory ib INDEX	439

Marlborough threatens to resign	452

He determines to resign if Mrs Masham is not removed	461

Striking analogy between the War of the Succession and that of the Revo	1

Charles directs his march to the Ukraine to join Mazeppa	7

Surrender of fourteen thousand Swedes under Count Piper	13

Marlborough lands at Dover and arrives in London	18

Operations on the Portuguese frontier	19

Urheberrecht

Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen

The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough: With Some Account of His ..., Band 2
Archibald Alison
Vollansicht - 1852

Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen

Alliance Allies army attack battalions battle Berwick besieged Blenheim Bolingbroke borough Bouchain Bourbon British cabinet campaign CHAP Charles command commenced conduct contest court Coxe Coxe's crown disaster dismissal Douai Duchess Duke of Anjou Duke of Marlborough Dutch effect efforts Elector enemy England English entirely Eugene Europe favour Flanders force fortress France French garrison Godolphin Hanover Hanoverian Harley head Hist honour hope House House of Bourbon House of Peers hundred influence intrenchments Jacobites King lines Lord Lord Sunderland Louis XIV Majesty Marl Marlbo Masham ment military ministers ministry monarch Napoleon nation never noble object Parliament party peace Prince Queen rendered resign resolution rough Rousset Scarpe Scheldt secret Shrewsbury side siege soon sovereign Spain squadrons St John success Sunderland thousand throne tion Tories Tournay town treaty Treaty of Utrecht troops Utrecht victory vigour VIII Villars Whigs whole СНАР

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Bibliografische Informationen

Titel	The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough, with Some Account of His Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, Band 2 The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough, with Some Account of His Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, Archibald Alison
Autor/in	Archibald Alison
Ausgabe	2
Verlag	William Blackwood, 1852
Original von	Oxford University
Digitalisiert	14. Juni 2006

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