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THE EARL OF CARLISLE.

(LATE LORD MORPETH).

THE Earl of Carlisle is so well known that it is almost needless to detail the principal facts and events of his life. He is not only a nobleman by blood, but what, in our estimation, is of much more importance, he is a noble man by noble actions. Were he not so, we should not have given his portrait in our pages. He belongs to one of the noblest families in the kingdom-the Howards; and is, by marriage, connected with the Houses of Rutland, Cawdor, Durham, and Stafford. But not on his rank alone has his lordship relied for influence, and not by his aristocratic associations alone has he won his way to popular favour and fame. He is distinguished for amiability of manner, for a philanthropic heart, for firstrate abilities, and for their rightful use. He has from the commencement of his public career been connected with the liberal party. He has filled, with much honour to himself, and we think with great advantage to the community, many important offices. Few men ever performed with so much ability and satisfaction the difficult duties of Secretary for Ireland. And he took the principal part in all the discussions relating to Ireland and Irish measures, during the Melbourne administration.

Fora great many years, Lord Morpeth represented the West Riding, where he has always been very popular; and when he was defeated in the election of 1841, he refused to sit for any other constituency. During his temporary retirement from political life, consequent on his defeat, which almost the whole nation lamented, the noble Lord made a tour in America, where his affability and simplicity of manners won for him the good opinion of all with whom he came in contact. On the death of Lord Wharncliffe, a vacancy occurred in the West Riding, -and without either canvass or address, Lord Morpeth was again returned for that important district without opposition. He continued to represent that constituency till the time of the death of his father when he took his seat in

the House of Lords, as Earl of Carlisle.

His Lordship has been a member of the present Ministry since its forination in 1846; and he, as much as any one, has sustained it by his influence, by the popularity of his name, and his strong desire to benefit the condition of debating ability. He has ever felt a the masses of the people. His assiduity and energy as a sanitary commissioner, has won for him general esteem. But more particularly has he manifested his in the zeal which he has, for many years, desire to educate and elevate the people shewn in behalf of Mechanics' Institutions and Literary Societies. The time, delivered at the large anniversary speeches which he has, from time to meetings of the Athenæums, and Mechanics' Institutions of the North of England, have been extensively read and admired. His lordship is an eloquent speaker. He happily blends poetical imagery with practically useful statements. There is frequently a classical purity and richness about the matter which he atters, and the manner in which he utters it. Take speech at the anniversary of the Manas a specimen the beginning part of his chesterAthenæum, over which he presided two or three years since :—

"I trust that I shall be believed when I

say I appreciate my situation. Whatever may be the incidents of distinction or responsibility with which I am elsewhere invested-honoured as I am by the choice of no mean constituency on the other side of the hills which bound your prospectshighest councils of the state-I can in all permitted as I am to bear a part in the truth assure you that I find something very new, fresh, and large in the honour of being called upon to preside at this annual jubilee of the Manchester Athenæum. The sense of honour, and let me add with as much truth, of difficulty also, is certainly not lessened, when I call those to mind who have preceded me in the The last echoes of this assembly, which same post, upon these brilliant occasions. now feel it is a hardihood in me to rouse again, answered to the accents, deep, gentle, and earnest as his own spirit, of Mr. Serjeant Talfourd-why, there is something in the very name of an Athenæum which bespeaks it to be a fitting theatre and the Athenian captive. Next before for all the utterances of the bard of Ion him, I well know that your souls must have thrilled under the spell of so potent a magician as Mr. Disraeli; even in the very hottest conflicts of party, from which

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we are here happily sheltered, I think it was impossible even for his most exposed victim to have been blind to the point, the brilliancy, the genius, which played about the wounds they made-but here, on this gorgeous stage, amidst this apt and congenial auditory, on the themes so familiar to him of literature, of art, of imagination, I, who could only read in cold print what he said, without all the kindling accessories of time, and place, can yet which could not be withheld even on easily believe how the admiration of the barren ground of political controversy, must have been heightened almost into enchantment. And it was at the first, I believe, of these assemblies, the first at least held upon this scale of size and splendour, that its chair was filledbetter it can never again be filled-by Charles Dickens that bright and genial nature, the master of our sunniest smiles and our most unselfish tears, whom, as it is impossible to read without the most ready and pliant sympathy, it is impossible to know (I at least have found it so) without a depth of respect, and a warmth of affection, which a singular union of rare qualities alike command. I have made it my business, too, to look at what they said when they were here; but this, while it certainly has ministered very highly to my gratification, has also only added to my embarrassment; for it would indeed be an office irksome to you, and hopeless for me to endeavour to recall in feebler expression, and fainter colouring, what was pourtrayed by them with so much richness and exuberance. I therefore feel that at this time of day, and above all in this place, it would be an impertinence in me, to inculcate that learning in any community will not prove a dangerous thing that commerce, which has formed, and which now ennobles a community like this, is the natural ally of literature and art-that the tastes which may be here encouraged. the habits which may be here fostered, are those which give a grace and glory to the lives and characters of men. Yes, I do rejoice with the most gifted and ardent of those who have preceded me of those who now surround me I do rejoice over the impulses and associations which are impressed upon the times we live in, and which institutions like this, and assemblies like these, serve to rivet and transmit; I rejoice that English commerce is rising up to the height of its position, and feeling the real dignity of its calling; but this the Tuscan, this the Genoese, this the Venetian did; the worthies of our English commerce are content to be merchants, with out being princes; if we have Medicís, they

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are not intent on seeking alliances with the thrones of Europe; their best aim will be now to raise to the same level of knowledge, of happiness, of virtue, the whole body of the people; I rejoice that here, in Manchester, beyond all dispute the first city in the ancient or modern world for manufacturing enterprise and memechanical skill, you have not been content with that display of wealth which jostles in your streets and is piled in your warehouses; you do not think it enough to raise factories tier upon tier, and magazines that will accommodate the traffic of the world, but you have thought it part of your proper business, too, to build and to set apart a haunt for innocent enjoyment, for useful instruction, for graceful accomplishment, for lofty thought-the shrine of Pallas Athene in a Christian land. May this long be the resort, together with those kindred and neighbouring institutions, which this does not aim to eclipse or overlay, but to encourage and excite, where all who are engaged in the business and the labours of this unparalleled hive of industry may find rest for their flagging spirits, a neutral ground for their manifold differences, invigorating food for their reason, and an impulse onward and upward, to all the higher tendencies of our nature. I am glad to perceive that, as the benefits of the establishment are confined to no condition, no class, no denomination, so they are not exclusively appropriated to even to one sex. Women have always played an important, perhaps not uniformly a beneficial part in this world's history. I believe as civilisation advances, they will play both a more recognised and a more elevated part than they have ever yet done; and I trust that among the many currents upon which the restless activity of our age is eddying along, a prominent one will be devoted to making female education sound, substantial, and enlightened-all it ought to be for training those who themselves must in any case be the real trainers, as they may be the best. trainers, of our citizens and our workmen.'

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The speech which the noble Lord delivered at the Mansion House, a short time since, when he proposed the working classes in connection with the Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations would alone render him popular and beloved. We give it entire.

"The Earl of CARLISLE said, the toast I have to propose is the working men of the United Kingdom; and indeed it is fitting that amid all the brilliant and gorgeous accompaniments of our present gathering

So it is true that our country may appear to be comparatively deficient in the minuter graces and delicacies of design and fabric; but we must seek our equipoise, not in the din of strife or war of battle, but we shall find it in that sturdy, substantial perseverance, and that useful industry which forms an element in the Saxon character, and the glory of the British name [great cheering]. In this exhibition and storehouse of all the choice productions of the world, our artisans will see nothing but what industry like their own has produced

may aspire to excel; and in the confidence that they are made of the stuff and fibre which will not allow them, in any course of useful progress or career of high achievement, to fill any other than the foremost place, 1 give now the Workmen of the United Kingdom' [great cheering].

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from a sketch in the noble lord's posThe accompanying portrait is taken session, and which he very kindly lent our artist to engrave from, a few days since.

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-amidst its patriotic and its civic splendours, those who form the great and active mass, of human beings which day by day does the real work of the world, should not be forgotten [cheers.] For I feel, my lord, that I may appeal to the large proportion of your municipal brethren whom our truly metropolitan hospitality has gathered round you on this occasion, who come from the hives and marts of our industry, scattered over all parts of the empire, and who may be said to represent the staple branches of manufacture and the varied pursuits of national labour-I-nothing but what industry like their own ask them whether there is one person in this distinguished assembly, from the illustrious Prince who is nearest the throne of England to the magistrate of the smallest town in this realm-I ask whether there is one person whose comforts, whose luxuries, and whose life itself is not promoted, embellished, and sustained by the sweat of the brow, the strength of sinew, the skill of hand, and the resources of brain, which go to constitute the wonder-working industry of Britain [cheers]; and most right it is, as it appears to me, that an assembly like this should give an assurance, that although the exhibition of 1851 is for all classes as well as for all nations, yet it is preeminenntly intended to be a festival for the working-man and for the working-woman -[cheers]-for there will be no monopoly of sex any more than there will be of condition or of race; and to interest their attention, refine their taste, and to stimulate their invention; and, above all, to do honour to their industry, are among our foremost and most legitimate objects. Though I have not the honour to be a member of the commissionyet I am sure I do not misrepresent their views when I state that among the many though perhaps scattered acts of liberality which have been exhibited towards it, any contributions from the working people, limited and in proportion to their modest earnings as they must be, are not among the least acceptable. I agree with those who hold that we ought not to feel discouraged at the circumstance that the various temperaments and aptitudes of the various nations and races that people the earth, will scarcely allow one nation to carry off the palm in every species of excellence where the field of competition is universal [cheers]. I am sure it was not resented when it was said to the most powerful people on the globe, and that at the moment of the highest power o the Roman people, that others might more softly mould the breathing brass, or chisel the living features from the marble, but the compensa

tion that was held out to them was prowess in arms, and the subjugation of the world.'

"Those who in impious times undaunted stood And midst rebellion durst be just and good, Whose pens asserted and whose sufferings

more

Confirmed the cause for which they fought
before.

Write here-rewarded by an Heavenly prince,
For what their earthly could not recompense.
Pray reader that such men again appear,
But if they come not, love their siguet here;
Such souls are rare but mighty patterns given
To Earth, and meant for ornaments in Hea-
ven."

Altered from Dryden.

WILLIAM SHAKESPERE, the world's poet, was born at Stratford-upon-Avon, April 23, 1564, and instructed in English and the rudiments of Latin, at the town Free-school. His father, who kept a butcher's shamble, knew not the latent value of his charge, and bestowed little paternal care upon the poet; for in his eighteenth year, he was prosecuted for deerstealing, by Sir Thomas Lucy, and only by flying to London, escaped a second punishment for libel. In town he joined a dramatic company, and ultimately realised a fortune by his management of the Globe Theatre. Little is known of his stage life, but that the ghost in his own Hamlet was his favourite character. He died at his estate in Stratford, on his fifty-second birth-day, from justice, as a link-boy in the streets of in 1616. Branded for felony, and hiding *See autographs.

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London, he yet amassed a fortune and left a monument of genius, which, polished by every passing generation, rises in brilliant poetic supremacy—

"Each change of many coloured life he drew, Exhausted world's and then imagined new, Existence saw him spurn her bounded reign, And panting Time toil'd after him in vain." Johnson.

JOHN LOCKE was born at Wrington, in Somersetshire, in 1632, and educated at Westminster school. In 1672 he was made secretary to Lord Shaftesbury, and afterwards to the Board of Trade, and while thus establishing his reputation in public life, he compiled his " Essay on the Understanding," "Treatise on Civil Government," &c., for which his posterity have pronounced him the founder of metaphysical science. He died at Oates, in Essex, 1704. All who have perused his Essays, " carry about them a touch-stone, if they will make use of it, to distinguish substantial gold from superficial glittering, and truth from appearances."

HORACE WALPOLE, Earl of Orford, son of Sir Robert, was born in 1718, and educated at Eton. He entered Parliament for Callington in 1741, but finally retired from public life in 1769, and at his beautiful villa, at Strawberry Hill, devoted his hours to letters, and by the publication of his "Castle of Otranto," "Mysterious Mother," and "Anecdotes of Painting" acquired a just reputation.

DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON, the long acknow ledged leviathan of letters, was the son of a bookseller at Lichfield, born 1709, and completed his initiating studies at Pembroke College, Oxford. For a short time he was usher in a Free-school at Market, Boswoth, Kent. In 1735, marrying the widow of Mr. Porter, of Birmingham, with a fortune of £800 he opened a boarding school: this not succeeding, he came to London with Garrick, having only three-pence half-penny between them, yet both by their abilities maintained themselves through a brilliant career. Johnson's first work was "London, a Satire," and in 1747, he commenced the greatest literary treasure of our country, English Dictionary for which he received the degree of M.A. He next published a weekly paper, The Idler, and on the death of his mother, to defray her funeral expenses, he wrote the famous Rasselas. The Crown now granted him £300 per annum, and Oxford made him LL.D. He published the "Lives of the English Poets," and (Dec. 19, 1784,) after a long illness, died to live only to his country in subsequent pages of similar works.

the

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"On his comrades contemptuous we see him look down

On their wit and their worth with a general frown.

Since from science' proud tree the rich fruit he receives,

Who could shake a whole trunk while they turned a few leaves,

His piety pure, his morality nice,
Protector of virtue, and terror of vice."
Thrale.

ABRAHAM COWLEY was born in Lon

don in 1618. Although only the posthumous son of a grocer, through interest, he was enrolled in Westminster School. When only seventeen, he published his "Poetic Blossoms," a volume which at once established him as a poet. Two comedies followthe Duke of Buckingham, the rent of a ed, and other poems, and by the interest of farm of £300 per annum was conferred on him; but soon after the receipt of this little fortune, he caught cold, and died at his estate in Chertsey, 1667.

"Wit and mirth and noble fires,
Vigorous health and fond desires;
The wheel of life no less will stay,
In a smooth than rugged way.'

Cowley.

THOMAS CAMPBELL, on whose fresh grave the flowers have not yet lifted their weeping heads, was a poet of no common order. His Pleasures of Hope," and other poems, will long endure to the honour of their author and his country. "He who held it a first duty

To love and cherish children's beauty, In heavenly language makes us sure The thoughts he worshipped all were pure." LORD BYRON was born January 22, 1788, at Aberdeen, and educated at Harrow, finishing at Cambridge. poetic production was "Hours of Idleness," which was severely censured in the Edinburgh Review, but he fully avenged

His first

this unmerited attack in his satire of In January, 1815, he married the daugh"English Bards and Scotch Reviewers." ter of Sir Ralph Millbank Noel, but this union was most unhappy, and ended in separation. Lord Byron left England and settled in Greece, to which unhappy until his death, April 19, 1824. His country he devoted his pen and sword poems are too popular to need any com

ment.

SIR WALTER RALEIGH.-This famous but unfortunate statesman was born in 1552, at Budleigh, in Devonshire, and educated at Oxford. His first fame was acquired by his sword in the suppression of the Irish Rebellion. With a grant from Elizabeth, he founded the colony of Virginia. During his travels in America, from whence it is said he brought to England

the potato and tobacco, and on his return was knighted. He planned the discovery of Guiana, and by his courage and ability was the true hero of the Elizabethian reign. In the reign of James, by a foul conspiracy, of which the Earl of Essex was chief villain, he was committed to the Tower for high treason, and here during twelve years' confinement, he wrote the "History of the World." He was released, but not pardoned, and after making fresh efforts to benefit his country, was beheaded in Palace Yard. Calmly feeling the edge of the axe, he exclaimed, "this is a sharp medicine, but a sure remedy for all evils." Thus was this great man murdered by a king and court, too ignorant to appreciate his worth, and too vicious to permit his virtue to live.

FRANCIS BACON, statesman and philosopher, who flourished during the reigns of Elizabeth and James, and was made Lord Chancellor, and Viscount St. Albans, &c., but, like many others, a victim to the dark days of James and Charles, he was accused of corruption and heavily fined. He spent his closing life in scientific study. Was born 1561, and died 1626. leaving his "Novum Organum," and "Essays," standards of

science and letters.

ROBERT BURNS, the famous Scotch poet, born near Ayr, 1759, in humble circumstances. His poems and letters have been too well established in British literature to need eulogium. He was made an exciseman-became dissipated-and thus hastened his death, which occurred in his 37th year, 1796.

JOSEPH ADDISON, the classic writer of the Georgian era, was born May 1, 1672, at Milston, and educated at the Charterhouse School. At 15 he entered Oxford College. His elegant writings procured him a pension of £300 per annum. He contributed to the Tatler, and founded the Spectator: and in 1713, produced the tragedy of "Cato." In 1716 he married the Countess Dowager of Warwick, and was made Secretary of State, but resigned for a pension. He died at Holland-house, June 17, 1719, saying to his step-son-"See in

what peace a Christian can die !"

"He taught us how to live, and, oh! too high A price for knowledge, taught us how to die." -Tickell.

"He employed wit on the side of religion-restored virtue to its dignity-and taught innocence not to be ashamed."

JOHN MILTON was the son of a scrivener in London, born in Bread-street, 1608, was educated at St. Paul's School, and

passed through Christ's College, Cambridge. After a continental tour, he settled in London as a political writer. In 1643, he married the daughter of Richard Powell, Esq., but her friends being royalists, she became disgusted with her husband's republicanism, and left him. They were afterwards reconciled. He continued an enemy to royalty, and for this received £1,000 reward, and was made Latin Secretary to Cromwell. Before his genius had reached its zenith, he lost his sight. At the restoration he obtained pardon, and completed his Paradise Lost. While the plague was raging, this immortal poem he sold for £15. At the request of Elwood' a friend, he wrote Paradise Regained. He died in Bunhill Row, 1674, and was buried in St. Giles's, Cripplegate, having had three wives.

Three poets, in three distant ages born,
Greece, Italy, and England, did adorn;
The first in loftiness of thought surpassed,
The next in majesty in both the last :
The force of nature could no further go,
To make a third, she joined the former two.
-DRYDEN.

OLIVER CROMWELL was born 1599, don. He was a short time a law student near the banks of the Ouse, in Huntingin Lincoln's Inn, and he married the daughter of Sir James Bouchier in his 21st year. In 1655 he took his seat in Parliament for Huntingdon and attached himself to the Puritans. The disturbance between King and Commons commenced, and Cromwell soon took an active part, and by force of. his Saxon character made himself master of his times. After the execution of Charles, he was elected Commander-inChief, and finally Lord Protector. He extended the commerce of our country, and left us a new and vast commercial system. He died in his 60th year, Sep. 3, 1658. "So sturdy Cromwell pushed broad-shouldered And burley Luther breasted Babylon."

on,

THOMAS GRAY was born in London in 1716. He designed many plans, but wanted energy to carry them out. His "Elegy on a Church Yard" and other poems, are extensively popular. He died 1771.

BEN JONSON, the friend of Shakespere, was born in Westminster 1574. He was a short time a soldier, and then joined the stage, but not succeeding, he took the advice of Shakespere and adhered to his pen. He was soon chosen Poet-laureate, but in all his triumph was ever poor. He died Aug. 16, 1637. There is a tablet to his memory in Westminster Abbey, inscribed,

"Oh! rare Ben Jonson."

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