FoundationsD. Van Nostrand, 1891 - 104 Seiten |
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1915 ANN ARBOR 33 feet 50 feet abutments adopted air-lock Allier apron arches Argenteuil Bordeaux bottom bridges at Paris built caisson capstan cast-iron chamber of excavation clay cofferdam compressed air constructed cost crete cubic yard deposited dredger dredging driven East River bridge engineers feet below water feet high feet in diameter feet long feet thick filled framing Gorai bridge gravel head of water high water hydraulic inch thick inclosed inside Inst iron Jumna layer of concrete load Loch Ken Lorient low-water level marl masonry cylinder method monkey Perpignan piers placed planks plates pressed air pressure Prof pumped dry railway river bed rubble stones Saltash sand scour screw piles shaft sheeting sides silt silty sinking soft ground soil sometimes square foot square yard stratum strutted sunk supported Thames Tunnel thirteen feet timber tion tons twenty feet Vernon bridge viaduct Vichy Victoria bridge watertight weight wooden wrought-iron
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Seite 88 - ... bridge and staging 1,007 Caissons, No. 7, 150} tons at £23 6s 3,513( Sinking 2,017* Concrete and masonry 1,089 Contractor's bonus and general expenses 1,254 £9,680 The cost per cubic yard of foundation below low water was £3 8s.
Seite 51 - Gravesend ;l and afterwards at the Charing Cross 2 and Cannon Street 3 bridges ; and also for the piers of the Victoria bridge 4 over the Thames. Iron cylinders are preferred in certain cases to cylinders of brick, masonry, or concrete, on account of the ease with which they are lowered in deep water on to the river bed; in spite of the disadvantages attaching to them of high price, of the considerable weights required for sinking them, and lastly, of being only cases for the actual piers. In 1823,...
Seite 38 - ... proper is built. A properly driven pile, well supported against lateral flexure, may bear from one-eighth to one-tenth the crushing load, which FIG. 2. varies between 5,700 and 8,500 pounds per square inch. A pile 7 inches in diameter will bear about 12 tons. A pile can support a load of 25 tons when it refuses to move more than f inch under thirty blows of a monkey weighing 1,200 pounds and falling 4 feet. 88. When rock is struck at a high level, special footings to prevent vibration must be...
Seite 98 - When the foundations consist of disconnected pillars or piles the above prices must be applied to the whole cubic content, including the intervals between the parts, but of course for an equal cost solid piers are the best. For pilework foundations the square yard of base is probably a better unit than the cubic yard.
Seite 87 - The foundations of the Kehl bridge cost still more, about £5 1 6s. per cubic yard ; but this cannot be regarded as a fair instance, being the first attempt of the kind. The foundations of the Nantes bridges, sunk 56 feet below lowwater level, cost about £3 Is. per cubic yard. The average cost per pier was as follows : — £. Caisson (41 feet 4 inches by 14 feet 5 inches'), 50 tons...
Seite 37 - Bridge, but it is considered objectionable as it prevents any connection between the superstructure and the concrete, and increases the chance of sliding. The space between the piles from the river bed to low water is sometimes filled with rubble stones, and sometimes with concrete (Fig. 10), which is less liable to disturbance. When the ground is very soft a filling of clay has been preferred on account of its being lighter than concrete. A mixed system of piling and watertight caissons, of rubble...
Seite 70 - It was also found by experience that the caissons were sunk better in one division than in several divisions, and doors of communication were accordingly made through the double partitions. The iron linings to the air shafts were removed before the shaft was filled up. The shaft containing the dredger was at first made of iron, but afterwards of brick for the sake of economy. The sinking occupied sixty-eight days for one abutment, and thirtytwo days for the other, giving a daily rate of 1 foot 1...
Seite 69 - Vuigner, by a combination of the principles of the compressed air process, the sinking of a pier by its own weight, the sinking by dredging, and the cofferdam system. As the bed of the Ehine at Kehl consists of large masses of gravel liable to be disturbed to a depth of 55 feet below low- water level, it was deemed advisable to carry the foundations down about 70 feet below low water. For the two central piers the chamber of excavation was divided into three caissons, the length of each being 18...