Gullah Statesman: Robert Smalls from Slavery to Congress, 1839-1915

action activities appeared appointment asked Assembly August Beaufort County bill blacks called campaign candidate cause chair charge Charleston Civil claimed colored Columbia committee Congress Congressional Conservative constitutional continued convention Courier court Daily December delegates Democrats District election Elliott February force former governor Hampton History House House of Representatives important interest Island issue January John Journal July June land late later legislation letter majority March matter Miller Murray Navy Negro newspaper nomination North November October once organization party passed Planter political Port Royal position Post president Press printing probably race Reconstruction Record reform regular Representatives Republican result Robert Smalls Roosevelt seat Senate September sess session showed Simkins Slavery slaves Smalls's South Carolina Southern suffrage ticket Tillman tion Union University vote voters Washington Whipper York