Object-Process Methodology: A Holistic Systems Paradigm ; with CD-ROMSpringer Science & Business Media, 03.07.2002 - 453 Seiten Object-Process Methodology (OPM) is a comprehensive novel approach to systems engineering. Integrating function, structure and behavior in a single, unifying model, OPM significantly extends the system modeling capabilities of current object-oriented methods. OPM system specification consists of a set of interrelated Object-Process Diagrams and an equivalent Formal English - a subset of natural English. The resulting graphic and textual system specification serves not only for communicating among system architects, domain experts, and prospective customers, but also for automated application generation. OPM is a generic, domain-independent approach founded on the very basic elements of any system: objects and processes. As such, it is applicable to virtually any domain of business, engineering and science. Being intuitive and easy to understand and use, OPM enables system architects to document their natural train of thought. Equipped with a powerful holistic systems paradigm and relieved from the technicalities of unnatural languages, developers engage in creativity and discovery as they design complex system architectures. The book presents the theory and practice of OPM with examples from various industry segments and engineering disciplines, as well as daily life. |
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... Semantic Sentence Analysis 4.2.3 The Process Test ......... 4.3 Things ............ 4.3.1 Things and Entities 4.3.2 The Perseverance of Things 4.3.3 The Essence of Things .......... 4.3.4 Symbolizing Physical Things 4.3.5 The Origin of ...
... Semantic Sentence Analysis 4.2.3 The Process Test ......... 4.3 Things ............ 4.3.1 Things and Entities 4.3.2 The Perseverance of Things 4.3.3 The Essence of Things .......... 4.3.4 Symbolizing Physical Things 4.3.5 The Origin of ...
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Inhalt
A Taste of OPM | 3 |
A Sneak Preview of OPM | 5 |
13 Specialization and Inheritance | 7 |
14 Aggregation and the Result Link | 8 |
Summary | 10 |
Problems | 11 |
ObjectProcess Diagrams | 13 |
22 Structural Relations and Structural Links | 15 |
86 Specializations of the Involved Object Set Members | 202 |
87 NonComprehensiveness | 203 |
872 NonComprehensiveness of States and Values | 204 |
Summary | 205 |
Managing Systems Complexity | 207 |
911 MiddleOut as the DeFacto Architecting Practice | 208 |
912 Determining the Extent of Refinement | 210 |
913 Towards Quantifying Complexity | 211 |
23 Processes and Procedural Links | 16 |
The TopLevel OPD | 18 |
25 Zooming into the Transaction Executing Process | 20 |
26 The OPD Set | 21 |
27 How to Read an OPD | 22 |
272 The Timeline in OPDs | 23 |
28 Completing the InZoomed Transaction Executing OPD | 24 |
281 Logical XOR AND and OR Operators | 25 |
282 The System Map | 26 |
283 The Ultimate OPD | 27 |
284 Zooming Out of Transaction Executing | 28 |
Summary | 29 |
Problems | 30 |
ObjectProcess Language | 33 |
311 RealTime Textual Feedback | 34 |
312 Closing the RequirementsImplementation Gap | 35 |
321 The First OPL Sentence | 36 |
322 The First OPL Aggregation Sentence | 37 |
33 The OPL Paragraph and the GraphicsText Principle | 38 |
331 Extending the OPL Paragraph | 40 |
333 Transformation Sentences | 41 |
334 The SD Paragraph | 43 |
341 State Enumeration and Condition Sentences | 44 |
342 AND XOR and OR Logical Operators | 46 |
343 The SD1 Paragraph | 47 |
344 InZooming and OutZooming Sentences | 48 |
35 Boolean Objects and Determination Sentence | 49 |
351 Boolean Condition Sentences | 50 |
36 OPDOPL Item Pairs and Synergy | 52 |
Problems | 53 |
Objects and Processes | 55 |
411 Objects | 56 |
412 Transformation and Processes | 57 |
42 Processes and Time | 59 |
422 Syntactic vs Semantic Sentence Analysis | 60 |
423 The Process Test | 61 |
43 Things | 62 |
431 Things and Entities | 63 |
432 The Perseverance of Things | 64 |
433 The Essence of Things | 66 |
434 Symbolizing Physical Things | 68 |
435 The Origin of Things | 70 |
438 The Relativity of Object and Process Importance | 71 |
44 Informatical Objects | 72 |
442 Systems and Information Systems | 73 |
443 Translation of Informatical Objects | 74 |
45 Object Identity | 75 |
451 Change of State or Change of Identity? | 76 |
452 Classes and Instances of Objects and Processes | 77 |
Summary | 78 |
Concepts of OPM Systems Modeling | 81 |
Dynamics | 83 |
512 Change and Effect | 84 |
513 Explicit and Implicit Status Representations | 85 |
514 The Input Output and Effect Links | 87 |
515 State Suppression and the Effect Link | 88 |
516 State Expression | 89 |
52 Existence and Transformation | 90 |
521 Result and Consumption Links | 92 |
522 Procedural Links Enablers and Transformees | 93 |
524 Agents | 94 |
526 Enabling Links | 95 |
527 Transformees | 96 |
The Invocation Link | 97 |
53 Object Roles with Respect to a Process | 98 |
531 Enablers and Affectees | 99 |
533 Condition and Agent Condition Links | 100 |
534 Operator Operand and Transform? | 101 |
Summary | 102 |
Structure | 105 |
611 Structural Links | 106 |
612 Structural Relation Directions | 108 |
613 Unidirectional Structural Link | 109 |
615 The Reciprocity of a Structural Relation | 110 |
616 Null Tags and Their Default OPL Reserved Phrases | 111 |
617 Structural Relations as Static Verbs | 112 |
62 Participation Constraints and Cardinality | 113 |
622 Parameterized Participation Constraints | 114 |
623 Range Participation Constraints | 115 |
624 Shorthand Notations and Reserved Phrases | 116 |
625 Cardinality | 117 |
626 Participation Constraints in Procedural Relations | 119 |
63 The Distributive Law and Forks | 120 |
631 Forks | 121 |
632 Fork Degree | 123 |
633 Fork Comprehensiveness | 124 |
64 The Transitivity of Structural Relations | 125 |
65 The Four Fundamental Structural Relations | 126 |
Summary | 129 |
Problems | 130 |
Aggregation and Exhibition | 133 |
711 AggregationParticipation as a Tagged Structural Relation | 135 |
712 The AggregationParticipation Symbol | 136 |
713 Sets and Order | 137 |
714 Aggregate Naming | 138 |
715 Aggregating Processes | 139 |
72 Aggregation Hierarchy and Comprehensiveness | 141 |
722 Aggregation Comprehensiveness | 142 |
724 Participation Level and Aggregational Complexity | 143 |
Underlying Concepts | 144 |
731 The Name ExhibitionCharacterization | 145 |
733 Attribute and Operation Are Features | 146 |
734 Exhibition Complexity | 147 |
74 Features in OO vs OPM | 148 |
75 The Four ThingFeature Combinations | 151 |
751 The ObjectAttribute Combination | 152 |
753 The ProcessAttribute Combination | 154 |
754 ProcessOperation Combination | 155 |
76 The Feature Hierarchy | 156 |
77 FeatureRelated Natural Language Issues | 157 |
772 Reserved Objects and the Measurement Unit Reserved Object | 159 |
773 Continuous Values and MultiValued Attributes | 160 |
774 Mathematical Inequalities in OPM | 162 |
782 The Mode of an Attribute | 163 |
783 The Touch of an Attribute | 164 |
784 The Source of a Feature | 165 |
785 The Operation a Feature Carries | 166 |
Problems | 167 |
Generalization and Instantiation | 171 |
811 Specialization Symbol and Sentence | 172 |
812 Process Specialization | 173 |
82 Inheritance | 175 |
822 Structural Relations Inheritance | 177 |
823 Procedural Link Inheritance | 178 |
824 State Inheritance | 180 |
825 State Specialization | 181 |
826 Process Specialization | 183 |
827 Generalization Complexity | 187 |
831 Qualification Inheritance | 188 |
832 Multiple Qualification Inheritance | 189 |
84 ClassificationInstantiation | 191 |
841 Classes and Instances | 193 |
842 The Relation Between Instantiation and Specialization | 194 |
844 Instance Qualification | 196 |
845 Process Instances | 197 |
846 Classification Complexity | 198 |
852 Adjectives and Attributes | 199 |
853 Adverbs and Operations | 201 |
By Aspects or by Details? | 212 |
921 Why is Detail Decomposition Good? | 215 |
922 When Should a New OPD Be Created? | 217 |
932 The Mode of Scaling | 218 |
933 Controlling Visibility by In and OutZooming | 221 |
934 The Distributivity of Procedural Links | 223 |
935 Unfolding and Folding | 224 |
936 State Expressing and Suppressing | 227 |
937 Primary and Secondary Operands | 230 |
942 Zoom consolidating | 231 |
944 Zoom Consolidating Pitfalls | 233 |
945 Zoom Consolidating Conditions | 234 |
946 Fold Consolidating | 235 |
951 Procedural Link Precedence | 236 |
952 SemiFolding and SemiUnfolding | 238 |
953 Selective SemiFolding and SemiUnfolding | 240 |
The System Map and the OPM Construct Pairs | 241 |
Summary | 244 |
Problems | 245 |
Building Systems with OPM | 247 |
Systems and Modeling | 249 |
1012 Function | 251 |
102 System Defined | 252 |
1021 System as a Relative Term | 254 |
1023 The Function of Natural and Artificial Systems | 255 |
1031 The Intent and Goal of Artificial Systems | 256 |
1033 Function Structure and Behavior | 260 |
1042 The Concept Behind a System | 261 |
1043 The Origin and Essence of Systems | 262 |
105 Objects Systems and Products | 263 |
1052 The ObjectSystemProduct Hierarchy | 264 |
1053 Goods Services and Projects | 266 |
106 Documenting Functions of the System Architecture | 267 |
1062 Function Boxes and Function Sentences | 268 |
1063 Functionality | 271 |
1071 Some Model Definitions | 272 |
1081 Natural Language as a Modeling Tool | 273 |
1082 Mathematical and Symbolic Modeling | 276 |
1083 Graphic Modeling and Knowledge Representation | 281 |
109 Reflective Metamodeling | 283 |
Summary | 285 |
Problems | 286 |
System Lifecycle and Evolution | 289 |
1111 Lifecycle of Artificial Systems | 290 |
112 Systems Analysis and the Scientific Method | 291 |
113 Categorization vs Interdisciplinarity | 293 |
115 An OPM Model of System Lifecycle Phases | 294 |
1151 TopLevel Description of System Evolution | 295 |
1152 Initiating the System | 297 |
1154 Analyzing | 298 |
1155 The RefiningAbstracting Cycles | 299 |
III | 300 |
1157 The Waterfall Model vs Iterative and Incremental Development | 301 |
1158 Deploying the System | 302 |
116 Zooming into Analyzing | 304 |
117 Zooming into Designing and Implementing | 306 |
118 From Design to Implementation | 308 |
Problems | 309 |
States and Values | 311 |
1211 Initial Ultimate and Default States | 313 |
1212 The Transformation Attribute of a Process | 314 |
1213 Object as a Role Player for State | 315 |
1214 State Maintaining Processes | 316 |
1215 Sentences and Phrases of States and Values | 317 |
1216 Single Value Sentence | 322 |
123 Metamodeling the Attributes of Value and Their States | 324 |
1231 Numeric and Symbolic Values | 326 |
124 Compound States and State Space | 328 |
1241 The Attribute Feasibility Matrix | 332 |
Summary | 335 |
Problems | 337 |
Advanced OPM Concepts | 339 |
1312 Process Synchronization | 340 |
1313 Events | 341 |
1314 Chronon and Event | 342 |
132 Process and State Duration | 344 |
133 Processing states | 346 |
134 Probability in Procedural Relations | 348 |
135 Scope and Name Disambiguation | 349 |
1351 The Fundamental DAG | 350 |
1352 Scope of an Object | 351 |
136 The Reserved Words of and which | 352 |
1361 The Reserved Word of and the Dot Operator | 356 |
1362 Using of with Tagged Structural Relations | 357 |
A Process Without Side Effect | 360 |
1371 Transitivity Strength | 361 |
1372 Hamiltonian Distance | 362 |
1374 Covariance and Contravariance | 364 |
138 OPM Metamodeling Issues | 365 |
1381 A Metamodel of Thing | 366 |
1382 The SpecializationSpecification Hierarchy | 368 |
1383 A Refined Generic Processing Model | 369 |
1384 Time Exception Handling | 371 |
139 The OPM Construct Hierarchy | 372 |
Summary | 374 |
Problems | 376 |
Systems Theory | 379 |
1411 Computers Are Climbing the Informatics Hierarchy | 380 |
1412 Knowledge and Understanding | 381 |
142 Ontology | 382 |
143 General Systems Theory | 383 |
1432 The Hierarchy of System Levels | 385 |
144 Autopoietic vs Allopoietic Systems | 387 |
146 Systems Theory Characteristics | 388 |
1461 Previously Defined Characteristics | 389 |
1463 Control and Feedback | 390 |
147 Classical Physics vs Quantum Theory | 393 |
1471 Visualization | 394 |
1472 Causality | 395 |
1475 Objectivity | 396 |
Converting a Process into an Object | 397 |
Summary | 399 |
Problems | 400 |
ObjectOriented Modeling | 401 |
1511 Data Flow Diagrams | 402 |
1513 The ObjectOriented Paradigm | 403 |
1521 Object Modeling Technique | 404 |
1523 ObjectOriented Analysis and ObjectOriented Design | 405 |
1525 ObjectOriented Analysis Design | 406 |
1527 The Booch Method | 407 |
15210 OPEN Modeling Language | 408 |
154 Metamodeling in OO Methods | 410 |
156 Software Development Approaches and Trends | 412 |
1563 Extreme Programming | 413 |
1571 A Historic Perspective | 414 |
1572 The Encapsulation Challenge | 415 |
1574 Empirical Evidence of the Model Multiplicity Problem | 417 |
158 OPMandOO | 418 |
1581 The UML 20 Initiative | 419 |
an OPM Supporting Tool | 420 |
Present and Future | 421 |
Summary | 423 |
Problems | 424 |
The ATM System | 425 |
435 | |
443 | |
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Object-Process Methodology: A Holistic Systems Paradigm ; with CD-ROM Dov Dori Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2002 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
abstract aggregation Aggregation-Participation analysis and design Approval architecture artificial systems Bank behavior Capturing Medium Card Data Cash Card Celsius Chapter condition sentence consists Consortium corresponding OPL Customer defined Denial Notice denotes DFDs Diskette domain dynamic effect link enables engineering entities example Exception Handling exhibits exist expressed fundamental structural relations graphic hierarchy human in-zooming informatical object inheritance input instance instrument link lifecycle married metamodel natural language Object Management Group object set object-oriented Object-Process objects and processes occurs ontology OPD in Figure OPD set operation OPL paragraph OPL phrase OPL script OPL sentence Out-zooming output links pair participation constraint Password physical problem procedural links refining reserved phrase reserved word result link semantics semi-folded specialization specified structural link subprocesses symbol system architect System Lifecycle tagged structural thing tion Transaction Executing Transaction Processing transformation types unfolding yields zooms