LESSON 12-Continued.

EUROPE-SEAS-(Continued).

(B).—The White Sea is frozen over during three or four months of the year, hence its name.

The Baltic Sea is generally shallow, and subject to storms. It has no tides, and is frozen over during part of the winter. Its waters are not so salt as those of the ocean, owing to the many rivers which run into it. It opens into the North Sea, through the Sound, the Great Belt, and the Little Belt, the Cat'-te-gat, and the Skag'-er Rack. It has two large gulfs, the Gulf of Both'-ni-a in the north, and the Gulf of Fin'-land in the east.

The Mediterranean is the largest inland sea in the world. It opens into the Atlantic by the Straits of Gib-ral'-tar (17 miles across). A strong upper current flows into it from the Atlantic, and an under one flows out of it. Its waters are very salt owing to evaporation. The name means The sea in the middle of the land,"

The Black Sea is of an oval shape, and is very deep. It is subject to storms, and abounds in fish. It gets its name from its black rocky shores covered with thick dark woods, and from the storms and fogs to which it is subject in winter.

(C). (1) The

part of the year.

THE SEAS, &c., OF ASIA.

Arctic Ocean. It is frozen over for a great Three large rivers flow into it through SI-BE'-RI-A, the Le'-na, the Yen-i-se'-i (yen-ē-sā'-ē or yĕn-e'-sa), and the O'-bi. The river Yenisei drains Lake Bai'-kal (bi-kal), the largest freshwater lake in Asia. All these rivers are navigable.

(2) The Cas'-pian Sea, a very large salt water lake, forms part of the boundary between ASIA and EUROPE. No large rivers flow into it from Asia, but it receives the Volga from Europe. The Sea of Ar'-al, also a salt water lake, 300 miles east of the Caspian, receives the river A'-mu Da-ri'-a (a'-mu dâ-rẽ'-â), or Ox'-us.

(3) The Red Sea is bounded by A-RA'-BI-A on the cast and Africa on the west. It is joined to the Mediterranean by the Suez Canal (about 90 miles long), and to the Arabian Sea by the Strait of Bab-el-Man'-deb. It receives no important river.

(4) The Per'-si-an Gulf partly separates PER'-SI-A from ARABIA. It receives the two large rivers, the Ti'-gris and the Eu-phra'-tes (ū-frā'-tēs). There are valuable pearl fisheries in it.

(5) The A-ra'-bi-an Sea is bounded by ARABIA, BAL-U-CHIS-TAN', and HIN'-DUS-TAN". The river In'-dus, which rises in the Himalayas, flows into it.

THE FIVE GREAT OCEANS. (D)-1. The Atlantic Ocean lies between the Old and the New World.

It is bounded by Europe and Africa on the east, and by North

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LESSON 12-Continued.

and South America on the west. It is about 9,000 miles long, and contains 26 million square miles, or about one-eighth of the surface of the earth.

The Atlantic has many large openings into the land. The principal ones that are connected with it in the Old World are the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the Bay of Bis'cay, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Gulf of Guin'ea.

In the New World the principal openings are Baffin Bay, Da'vis Strait, Hud'son Bay, Gulf of St. Law'rence, Gulf of Mex'ico, and the Caribbe'an Sea.

The Atlantic is remarkable for a current called the Gulf Stream, which flows out of the Gulf of Mexico and across to the shores of Europe. (See Lessons 117, 122, 127.)

Many of the great rivers of the world flow into the Atlantic. Some parts of it are very deep.

The principal islands are the British Isles, Ice'land, New'foundland", and the West Indies, all of which are continental islands.

Lesson 13.-Wednesday Morning. Work these Sums.

(1) What is the average in the following quantities: 362, 89, 5, 8016, 75, and 13.902 ?

(2) A farm of 180 acres was held under three different rentals, as follows: 80 acres at £1 12s. per acre; 60 acres at 30s. per acre; and the remainder at 25s. per acre. What was the average rent per acre?

(3) A grocer sold 3cwt. of sugar at 3d. per lb., and 2cwt. at 4d. per lb. What was the average price per lb. ?

(4) Find the difference between 3·45 guineas, and of £5.

(5) Supposing a boy's labour to be equal to ğ of a man's; in what time will 8 men and 7 boys do a piece of work which can be done by 7 men in 11 days?

English Prefixes.-Learn and Write.

13. over over, above: as overseer, one who looks after another whilst at work; overcast, overdo, overcharge.

14. to to, on this: as together, gathered to; to-day, this day.

15. un not as unable, unbind.

16. under under, below: as understand, undergo, undersell.

17. with from, against: as withdraw, withhold.

Lesson 14.-Thursday Morn. Grammar. Write and Learn. Ex. 1. Analyse and Parse the words in italics.

Oft did the harvest to their sickle yield,

Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke,
How jocund did they drive their team afield!

How towed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke!—(Gray.)

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LESSON 14-Continued.

Ex. 2. Turn the above into prose, correcting any grammatical errors. Ex. 3. Give the meaning of these words, showing the force of the prefix: Embolden, entomb, empower, mistake, misplace, forearm, forgive, gainsay.

Latin Roots.-Learn and Write.

ǎqua

annuity, a yearly allowance
anno domini (A.D.), in the year of

our Lord

water.

aqueduct, a channel for convey- | aqueous, watery

ing water

aquatic, relating to the water

terraqueous, composed of land and

water

Lesson 15.—Friday Morning. Work these Sums.

(1) Find the average of the following numbers: 5063, 7.00285, 12, 8.7396, 5.69352.

(2) Harry saved 90 pennies, Thomas 47 threepenny pieces and 7 sixpences, Charles 7 half-crowns, and Joseph half-a-guinea and a florin. What do their savings average?

(3) Five parcels weighed respectively 8lb. 10oz.; 14lb. 8oz.; 1qr. 10lb.; 3lb.; and 71b. 12oz. What is the average weight per parcel ?

(4) I sell goods worth £658 in 8 weeks, and gain £60 by the sale. What value of goods must I sell in 42 weeks, so as to gain £45 ? (5) Find by practice the value of 3 miles 3fur. 20yds. at £92 15s. 4d. per mile.

COMPOSITION.-Write a letter to your cousin describing what are the healthiest games for boys or girls. Say in what their value consists, and why certain games are played in certain parts of the

year.

FOURTH

WEEK.

Lesson 16.-Monday Morning. Learn.
PSALM CXIX., Verses 25-32; OR ELSE LEARN—

MARK ANTONY'S ORATION-(Continued).

But yesterday,32 the word of Cæsar might

Have stood against the world :33 now lies he there;
And none so poor34 to do him reverence.

O masters 136 if I were disposed37 to stir

35

(40) Your hearts and minds to mutiny38 and rage,

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LESSON 16-Continued.

I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius39 wrong,
Who, you all know, are honourable men.

I will not do them 40 wrong: I rather choose
To wrong the dead,41 to wrong myself, and you,
(45) Than I will wrong such honourable men.

32. When he was alive. 33. Cæsar had been elected Emperor for life, and ruled over the Roman Empire, which included nearly the whole of the then known world. 34. Cæsar being dead there was no one poorer than he now was, for, having lost his life, he had lost all. 35. To honour, to bow before him, as almost all the world had done when he was alive. 36. Antony calls them "masters," for most of the great officers of state were elected by the people, whose servants these officers were. 37. Inclined; wished. 38. To rise against those in authority. 39, Cassius was a Roman nobleman, upon whom Cæsar had bestowed many honours. He was the leader of the conspiracy, and the author of it. 40. Brutus and Cassius, and the rest. 41. That is, Cæsar.

Draw outline maps (A) Scotland, capes, &c.; (B) Europe, seas, &c.; (C) Asia, seas, rivers, &c.

Lesson 17.-Tuesday Morn. Geography. Write and Learn.

SCOTLAND.

(A).-CAPES. ON THE EAST COAST.-Dun'-cans-by Head, in Caith-ness; Tar'-bet_Ness, in Ross; Buch-an Ness, in Aberdeen'; Fife Ness, in Fife; St. Abb's Head, in Ber'-wick (běr'-rik). On the NORTH COAST.-Dun'-net Head, in Caithness; and Cape Wrath (rath), in Sutherland.

On the WEST COAST.-Ard-na-mur'-chan Point and Mull of Can'-tire, in Ar-gyle'.

On the SOUTH COAST.-Mull of Gal'-lo-way, in Wig'-ton. In the HEB'-RI-DES (hěb'-rě-dēz).-Butt of Lew'-is (loo'-is), in the north of the Island of Lewis.

EUROPE-OTHER PARTS OF THE SEA. (B).-The Bay of Bis'-cay, opening into the Atlantic. Very stormy.

The Strait of Gib-ral'-tar, leading from the Atlantic into the Mediterranean. The Gulf of Ly'-ons and the Gulf of Gen'-o-a are parts of the Mediterranean.

The Strait of Bon-i-fa'-cio (bō-ně-fâ'-tcho), between Cor'-si-ca and Sar-din'-ia.

The Strait of Mes-si'-na (mès-sẽ'-nû), between Sicily and Italy. The Strait of O-tran'-to, leading from the I-o'-ni-an Sea into the A-dri-at-ic Sea or Gulf of Venice.

The Ar-chi-pel-a-gō (âr-kě-pěl' -ă-gō) or Æ-ge'-an(ē-jë'-ăn )Sea, remarkable for the number of islands it contains.

B

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LESSON 17-Continued.

The Dar-da-nelles', the Sea of Mar'-mo-ra, and the Bos'-porus* or Strait of Con-stan-ti-no'-ple, leading into the Black Sea. The Strait of Yen-i-ka'-le (yen-ě-kâ'-lă), joining the Black Sea and the Sea of A'-zof.

The Cas'-pi-an Sea, forming part of the boundary between Europe and Asia.

THE SEAS, &c., OF ASIA-(Continued).

(C). (6) The Bay of Ben-gal' has HIN'-DUS-TAN" on the west, and FURTHER INDIA (or BRITISH BUR'-MA) on the east. It contains the island of Cey-lon', south of HIN'-DUS-TAN". The rivers Gan'-ges and Brah-ma-pu'-tra, the first rising on the south, and the latter on the north of the Himalayas, flow into it.

(7) The China Sea is separated from the Indian Ocean by Si-am', the MA-LAY' PENINSULA, the islands of SU-MA'-TRA (a=a), and JA-VA (aa), and from the Pacific by BOR'-NE-O and the PHIL'-IP-PINE Is. It receives the R. Me-Khong' (mă-kōng').

(8) The Yellow Sea receives the river A-moor', which rises south of the Al-tai Mts.

CLIMATE, SOIL, PRODUCTIONS.-The north is very cold, the central parts are generally cold and dry, and the south hot. In the centre and west are large deserts, and in Si-be'-ri-a is much barren land, but the south is fertile. Gold, silver, lead, and copper are got from the Altai Mts., and diamonds are found in India. Coal is found in India, China, and Siberia.

Tea is got from China and India, and coffee from Arabia. The elephant, the lion, and tiger are found in the south. There are more than 830 millions of people in Asia, or about half the people in the world, China having the greatest number.

THE FIVE GREAT OCEANS-(Continued).

(D)-2. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all the oceans, occupying one-fourth of the entire surface of the earth. It therefore covers a greater area than all the land put together.

It is bounded by North and South America on the east, and by Asia and Australia on the west.

This ocean contains about one-half of all the water on the surface of the earth. It is narrow in the north, but very wide in the middle and south, being more than 12,000 miles across. It contains 90 millions of square miles.

Unlike the Atlantic Ocean there are few great seas connected with [GO TO NEXT PAGE.

*The spelling Bosphorus is incorrect, and arose, in the first instance, through a mistake, which has been perpetuated by geographers and map makers copying from one another.