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Penn meets the legislature-His activity in his government
-New charter of privileges-Charter of Philadelphia-
Differences about titles and quit-rents-Failure to obtain
money for colonial defence-Rumours of intended changes
in the charters-Return of Penn to England............ Page 127
CHAPTER VIII.
Governor Hamilton-Refusal of the territories and the pro-
vince to unite-Growing opposition to the proprietary
interest-First Episcopal church in Pennsylvania-Go-
vernor Evans-His character-False alarm of invasion-
Consternation and serious consequences-Heroism and con-
sistency of the Quakers-Results of this foolish farce-
Fort at New Castle-Bold conduct of a Quaker shipowner
-Recall of Evans-Events in England-Penn's position at
the court of Queen Anne-His family, pecuniary, and other
misfortunes-Governor Gookin appointed-Continued dif-
ficulties with the assembly-Refusal to raise money for
defence-The governor declines to pass the bills enacted-
Incautious admission relative to the council-Logan pre-
sents David Lloyd-The assembly acquit their speaker-
Logan arrested by the speaker's warrant-He is released
by the governor-Letter of William Penn to the assembly
-Election of a new house-Restoration of harmony-Close
of Governor Gookin's administration........
CHAPTER IX.
Death of Queen Anne and accession of George I.-Decay of
William Penn-His last hours-His religious and political
character-Contemplated sale of the government to the
crown-Management of affairs during Penn's illness-
Penn's will and heirs-Protracted litigation-Governor
Keith-His activity, sauvity, and tact-Meets the assem-
blies of the territories and the province-His opening mes-
sage to the latter-Good feeling on both sides-Liberal
grant of money by the assembly-A chancery court esta-
blished by proclamation-A militia created-Expulsion of
Ashton from the council-Veto of naturalization law-
Measures against convict passengers-Indian relations—
Prosperity of the colony-Difficulty between Keith and the
council-The governor removes Logan from his offices-
Logan visits England, and returns with instructions for his
reinstatement-Keith vindicates his conduct, and refuses to
comply-He transmits the correspondence to the assembly
-Logan memorializes that body-The assembly vote the
governor one thousand pounds-Keith superseded by Go-
vernor Gordon-Benjamin Franklin and Keith......... Page 155
CHAPTER X.
Answer of Hannan Penn to the assembly's remonstrance-
Reflection upon Keith-Close of his life-Arrival of Go-
vernor Gordon-Quiet temper of the assembly-Affirma-
tions-Salt tax abolished-Agent in England appointed-
His usefulness and efficieney-Franklin commences busi-
ness in Philadelphia-New emission of paper-Franklin's
efforts to promote it-Opposition of proprietaries-Franklin
clerk of the house-Commencement of the Philadelphia
Library-Indian treaty expenses-Land purchases-Lan-
caster county set off from Chester-Question of toleration
of Roman Catholic worship-The court of chancery abo-
lished-Arrival of Thomas and John Penn-An unlucky
poet-Death of Governor Gordon-Logan president-
Boundary dispute with Maryland............................
CHAPTER XI.
Governor Thomas-His attempts to induce the assembly to
make warlike preparations-Declaration of war between
England and Spain-Instructions from England-The as-
sembly frames a supply-bill, but adjourns without_passing
it-Enlistment of bond-servants-Disputes upon this sub-
ject-Refusal of the house to vote money until the servants
were discharged-Thomas Penn supports the governor-
The merchants of Philadelphia and the council remonstrate
with the assembly-The money bill passes, with condi-
tions-The governor declines to avail himself of it-The
house applies the money to the payment of masters who
had lost their servants-Governor Thomas demands the
equipment of armed vessels-The house refuses it-Thomas
Penn returns to England-Quarrel about the appointment
of a port physician-Governor Thomas sweeps his oppo-
nents from office-Election riot-Compromise between the
governor and the assembly-Franklin's public services-
Volunteer military preparations-Resignation of Governor
Thomas...... ..........Page 182
CHAPTER XII.
Exposed condition of the Delaware River-Arrival of Go-
vernor Hamilton-The "Indian walk"-Penn's method of
measuring land by pacing it-Movements of speculators-
Exasperation of Indians-Production of old treaties-Spe-
culative mode of pacing boundaries-The Indians remon-
strate-Compelled to submit by more powerful tribes-Evil
results-French intrigues-Disputes between the governor
and the legislature-Franklin a member of the house-
George Washington-Expedition against Fort Duquesne-
Capitulation of the Virginians to the French-Governor
Hamilton appeals to the assembly for supplies-Evasion
of his request-Governor Hamilton superseded by Governor
Morris-Conference with the Six Nations at Albany-In-
dian opinions of the English and French-Unfortunate
purchase by the Pennsylvania commissioners-Franklin's
plan of union between the provinces-His account of Go-
vernor Morris-The Pennsylvania Hospital-James Logan
-Reform of calendar-Restrictions on manufactures-
Navigation Acts-Illiberal policy of the Board of Trade-
Philadelphia ship building-North-West passage............. 192
CHAPTER XIII.
Commencement of the dispute between Governor Morris and
the assembly-Arrival of General Braddock-Services of
Franklin in providing means of transportation-Action of
the legislature-Aid to Massachusetts-Continued legisla-
tive difficulties-Disastrous folly of General Braddock-His
defeat-Services of Washington as a volunteer-Dispute
about proprietary taxes-Consequent embarrassment-The
project to give bounty lands condemned by the assembly
-Indian depredations-Continued disputes upon financial
matters-Petitions and remonstrances-Proprietary dona-
tion-The Supply Bill passed· Excise Bill defeated-
Franklin's Militia Bill-Course of the Quakers-Volunteer
military-Declaration of war against the Indians-Labours
of the Quakers to promote peace-Council at Easton-Re-
signation of Quaker members of the assembly-Close of
Governor Morris's administration....... ...... Page 213
CHAPTER XIV.
Destruction of the Indian town of Kittanning-Important
effects of this victory-Movements of the Quakers-Friendly
association-Negotiations with the Indians-Formal de-
claration of war between England and France-Governor
Denny's instructions-Temporary submission of the house
-Impolicy of the Penns-Review of the instructions of
Franklin-His mission to England-His vindication of the
province through the London press-The Historical Review
-The proprietaries appear before the Board of Trade--
Franklin appears for the province-The question decided
in favour of the assembly-Franklin's advice in relation to
the war-Pitt prime minister-Operations of the army-
Capture of Louisburg, Fort Frontenac, and Fort Duquesne
-Ticonderoga, Niagara, and Quebec-Capitulation of Mon-
treal-Close of the war-Royal disapprobation and pro-
vincial indifference-Renewed Indian murders-The fron-
tiers depopulated-Relief of Fort Pitt-The Paxton Mas-
sacre-Danger of the Moravian Indians-Manly conduct
of Philadelphia-Vigorous measures to close the war-
Expedition of Colonel Bouquet to Muskingum-Restoration
of prisoners-Peace with the Indians.....
230
CHAPTER XV.
Governor John Penn-His construction of the tax law-Reso-
lutions of the assembly-Petition to the crown-Franklin
elected speaker-British policy toward the colonies-Frank-
lin loses his election to the legislature-Sent to England as
colonial agent-The Stamp Act passed-The effect in Ame-
rica-"Sons of Liberty"-Arrival of the stamps at Phila-
delphia-Union of the colonies-Non-importation-Phila-
delphia proceedings-Stamp Act repealed-Declaratory
Act-New revenue laws-Awakened resistance-Pennsyl-
vania resolutions-Non-importation again-Repeal of a
portion of the obnoxious duties-The principle still main-
tained-First bloodshed in Boston-The Wyoming dispute
-Death of Teedyuscung-First Wyoming massacre-Dis-
pute with Virginia-Death of Logan the Indian chief.. Page 252
The tea difficulties-Indignation of the colonists-Destruc-
tion of the obnoxious article-Meeting in Philadelphia-
Retaliatory acts of the British Parliament-Quebec Act-
Meetings in Philadelphia-Provincial conference-Instruc-
tions to state assembly-Continental Congress-Massachu-
setts supported-Declaration of rights-Articles of associa-
tion-Petitions and memorials-Committee of correspond-
ence-Action of state assemblies-Governor Penn's remon-
strance-Proceedings of the British ministry-More oppres-
sive acts-Lord North's plan of conciliation-Provincial
convention-Testimony of Friends-Thomas Mifflin-Lord
North's proposal rejected-Affair of Lexington-Excite-
ment in consequence-Military association-Quaker Blues
-Continental Congress-Franklin appointed postmaster-
general-Pennsylvania assembly-Committee of safety-
Governor Penn-Bunker Hill-Pennsylvania committee of
safety-State of parties-Instructions to delegates in Con-
gress-Military duty made compulsory-Evacuation of
Boston-Popular excitement in favour of change-Congress
resolve away allegiance to Great Britain-First war-alarm
near Philadelphia-The assembly meet-The people pro-
test-Resolution of Congress in favour of independence-
The assembly rescind their instructions-Provincial con-
ference-Declaration of independence-Pennsylvania con-
vention-End of the charter government.....
CHAPTER XVII.
Arrival of General and of Admiral Howe at New York-
Failure of a commission to treat with the colonies-Read-