school, 1859-63, public schools, 1863-65; married at Detroit, May 1, 1879, Mary A. Zender. Began active career Dec., 1865, in jewelry store of M. S. Smith & Co., continuing until Mar. 12, 1870; entered employ of C. D. Widman, manufacturer of furniture, Apr. 1, 1870, as assistant shipping clerk; was advanced successively as moulding finisher, foreman, superintendent, general manager, secretary and treasurer, and is now vice president and treasurer C. D. Widman & Co., his service covering a period of more than thirty-seven years with the company. Also director George H. Gies Co. Member Board of Commerce. Recreation: Traveling. Office: C. D. Widman & Co. Residence: 1026 Gratiot Av.

RICHARDSON, Hedley V., lawyer; born, Ontario, Can., Dec. 8, 1870; son of Henry and Isabelle (Laing) Richardson; came to Detroit, 1882; educated in Detroit public and high schools and University of Michigan. Married at Detroit, Oct. 17, 1900, Florine Whitaker. Has been engaged in general practice at Detroit since 1894. Member Detroit Bar Association, Fine Arts Society of Detroit. Republican. Presbyterian. Clubs: University, Detroit Boat. Office: 306 Moffat Bldg. Residence: 51 Charlotte Av.

RIDGLEY, Robert B., wholesale saws and steel; born, Southampton, Eng., Oct. 11, 1840; son of Robert and Harriett (Budden) Ridgeley; educated in England. Came to United States, 1856, and entered employ of Welch & Griffiths, Boston, serving apprenticeship in the saw factory until 21 years of age; was transferred to office and continued there until 1865, when the firm opened a branch office in Detroit and he was placed in charge, succeeding to the business in Detroit in his own name, 1878; also succeeded to Detroit agency of William Jessop & Sons. Agent for Carborundum Co., and for several years agent for Henry Disston & Sons. Member Detroit Board of Commerce. Independent in politics. Unitarian. Clubs: Detroit Athletic, Cosmopolitan. Recreation: Cricket. Office: 14-16 Atwater St., E. Residence: The Pasadena.

RITCHIE, John W., manufacturer; born, Ross's Point, N. Y., Dec. 27, 1848; son of William and Emily (Cummings) Ritchie; educated in Hamilton, Ont.; married at Detroit, Dec. 29, 1875, Elizabeth Schwinck. Came to Detroit, 1868; worked at trade of boiler making in various shops. until 1885; assisted in organization of the East End Boiler Works, 1885, of which he is junior partner, manufacturers of marine boilers, tanks, smokestacks and all kinds of sheet iron work. Republican. Presbyterian. Member Masonic order. Recreation: Fishing. Office: 11-19 St. Aubin Av. Residence: 788 Champlain St.

RITCHIE, Ryerson, secretary Detroit Board of Commerce; born, Peterborough, Ont., Sept. 10, 1856; son of John and Dorothea (Wright) Ritchie; educated in public schools and at Collegiate Institute, Peterborough; married, Toronto, Can., Aug. 11, 1880, Charlotte Emily Ashfield. Removed from Canada to Cincinnati, 1881; secretary Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, Cincinnati, 1882-85; secretary Commercial

Club, Kansas City, 1885-92; secretary Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, 1892-98; president American Trust Co., Cleveland, 1898; secretary Detroit Board of Commerce since 1903. Widely known as organizer of commercial bodies; president Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, 1890; was secretary McKinley National Memorial Association. Republican. Clubs: Detroit, Detroit Boat. Recreation: Country life. Office: Detroit Board of Commerce. Residence: 29 Alger Av.

ROACH, Frank M., cigar manufacturing; born, Batesville, O., May 20, 1862; son of George W. and Mary (Thompson) Roach; educated in public schools of Batesville; married at Dennison, O., Dec., 1895, Ella N. Dunstone. Began active career in learning watchmaker's trade, at Zanesville, O., working later at Columbus and Cincinnati; entered cigar business as traveling salesman, 1890, and continued four years; established the Northwest Cigar Manufacturing Co., 1894, and has since been at the head of the company. Member Knights of Pythias, B. P. O. E. Recreations: Outdoor sports. Office: 139 Jefferson Av. Residence: 215 Van Dyke Av.

ROBBINS, Frederick Wright, surgeon; born, East Haddam, Conn., Apr. 7, 1857; son of Silas Wright and Lydia Walker (Andrews) Robbins; graduate Wesleyan University, 1880; Detroit Medical College, 1884; post-graduate study at University of Vienna, winter of 1889-90; married at Providence, R. I., Nov. 11, 1891, Emily E. Anthony. Has practiced in Detroit since 1884; professor genito-urinary diseases and clinical surgery, Detroit College of Medicine. Fellow American Urological Association; member American Medical Association, Michigan State Medical Society. Clubs: Detroit, Detroit Golf, Detroit Curling. Recreations: Golf, curling, hunting and fishing. Office: 101 Fort St., W. Residence: 96 Forest Av., W.

ROBERTS, Dougald H., president and general manager Roberts Brass Manufacturing Co.; born near Bothwell, Ont., Can., Dec. 25, 1851; educated in common schools of Ontario; married at Wallaceburg, Ont., Nov. 21, 1877, Miss Louisa McDougall. Engaged for some years in mechanical engineering in Canada; in 1887 became one of the organizers of the firm of McRae & Roberts, Wallaceburg, Ont., which moved to Detroit, in 1892, and was incorporated in 1894 as the McRae & Roberts Co., of which was vice president and superintendent; withdrew in 1906, and organized the Roberts Brass Manufacturing Co., manufacturers of high grade brass goods, of which his son, William H., is secretary and treasurer, and another son, Earl W., is vice president and general superintendent. Member Board of Commerce. Recreations: Reading, theater. Office: 1395-1407 Fort St. Residence: 405 Campbell Av.

ROBERTSON, Forbes, county treasurer; born, Detroit, May 5, 1861; son of John and Marion (Adam) Robertson; educated in public and high schools and at Albion College, Mich.; married at Amherstburg, Ont., Jan. 21, 1905, Ethel Kolfarge. Began active career as furrier, De

troit, 1880, continuing until 1883; engaged in manufacturing furniture, 1883-86; was identified with Michigan Car Co., 1886-94; in fire insurance business since 1894; elected treasurer Wayne Co., fall of 1904, for term ending July 1, 1909. Served in Michigan National Guard three years, and in Michigan Naval Brigade six years (honorably discharged). Republican. Episcopalian. Member I. O. O. F., B. P. O. E., Scotch St. Andrew's Society. Clubs: Country, Detroit Boat, Detroit Motor Boat. Recreations: Motor boating and fishing. Office: County Bldg. Residence: 260 Bowen Av.

ROBERTSON, Frank A., coal and coke; born, Pokagon, Mich., Dec. 2, 1869; son of Alexander and Mary (Briggs) Robertson; educated in public schools, Detroit Business University and Detroit College of Law, graduating, LL. B., 1899; married, Detroit, Aug. 14, 1907, Edith G. Blow. Born and reared on a farm; came to Detroit, 1891, and was identified with the coal business for a number of years; assisted in organizing the American Coal and Coke Co., incorporated Sept. 1, 1905; has been secretary and treasurer of the company since time of its organization. Republican. Member Board of Commerce. Mason (32°), Shriner. Office: 1017 Union Trust Bldg. Residence: 78 Ash St.

ROBINSON, Fred Austin; born, Edgerton, Wis., July 27, 1860; son of George O. and Helen S. (Mather) Robinson; educated at St. Johnsbury (Vt.) Academy; Detroit High School, University of Michigan, degree of A. B., 1882, Law Department, same university, LL. B., 1883; married at Detroit, May 2, 1888, Clara L. Hayes. Has been engaged in business in Detroit since Mar., 1883. Member Robinson & Flinn, lands, established, 1872; managing director The Farrand Co., pianos, etc., Detroit. Member Detroit Bar Association. Member Board of Estimates, Detroit, eleven years, 1893-1904 (president, 1895-96). Republican. Methodist. Member Chi Psi, University of Michigan, '82. Clubs: University, Boylston (musical), Old Club. Recreation: Automobiling. Office: 1220 Penobscot Bldg. Residence: 556 Cass Av.

ROBINSON, Fred J., wholesale and retail lumber; born, Detroit, Sept. 5, 1870; son of Thomas and Sarah J. (Wilkinson) Robinson; educated in public schools of Buffalo, N. Y.; married at Detroit, Dec. 10, 1891, Nelly E. Hendricks. Began active career, 1891, in employ of W. A. C. Miller, lumber dealer, and continued with him, 1891-Jan. 1, 1904, when associated with A. B. Lowrie and bought out Mr. Miller, also the yard of Edmond Wall; firm has since operated as Lowrie & Robinson. Mason, Knight Templar. Club: Fellowcraft. Recreations: Baseball, automobiling. Office: Warren and Grand River Avs. Residence: 298 Merrick Av.

ROBINSON, George O., lawyer, retired; born, S. Reading, Vt., June 14, 1832; son of Lewis and Sarah (Manning) Robinson; educated in Vermont schools, University of Vermont, A. B., 1857, honorary degree of LL. D., Albion College, Michigan, 1904. Married, Greenwich, Conn., Sept. 27,

1859, Helen Mather (now deceased); again, Cincinnati, O., May 7, 1891, Miss Jane M. Bancroft. Began practice at Janesville, Wis., 1858; removed to Detroit, 1861, and continued in practice until 1892. Has large interests in timber and mining lands in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Southern states. Member Robinson & Flinn, timber, mining and law, established, 1872. Formerly justice of the peace and member Board of Education. Republican. Methodist. Twice a delegate to Methodist General Conference and member book committee in charge of all Methodist publications; for twenty-five years president Methodist Publishing Co.; delegate to the Centennial Methodist Conference of 1884, held at Baltimore, Md., and also delegate to Methodist Ecumenical Conference, held in London, England, Sept., 1901; founder and for ten years president Methodist Deaconess' Home; for nine years trustee Albion College, and built Robinson Hall and donated same to the College; for sixteen years president board of trustees Central M. E. Church. Club: Old Club of St. Clair Flats. Recreations: Gardening, fruit raising and farming. Office: 1220 Penobscot Bldg., Detroit. Residence: 425 Cass Av., Detroit; summer residence: Robinhurst, Grosse Ile, Mich.

ROBINSON, John Henry; born, Monongalia Co., W. Va., Jan. 15, 1877; son of John R. and Mary E. (Sloan) Robinson; educated in schools of West Virginia; married, W. Virginia, Apr. 26, 1900, Kate B. Henshaw. Began active career in general store owned by his brother, at Burton, W. Va., continuing for three years; became connected with the Wheeling Corrugating Co., at general offices of the company, at Wheeling, W. Va., Jan., 1899, and has been manager with headquarters at Detroit since Jan., 1906. Also president Coca-Cola Bottling Works, Columbus, O. Republican. Baptist. Recreations: Baseball, fishing. Office: : 1409 Majestic Bldg. Residence: 64 Willis Av., W.

ROBINSON, Washington Irving, lawyer; born, Ogdensburg, N. Y., July 11, 1865; son of Charles Wesley and Elizabeth (McMartin) Robinson; educated in public schools of Detroit. Came to Detroit with his parents when six months of age, and is still living upon the farm (now within the city limits) upon which he was reared; has been in practice of law since 1888. Director Michigan and Ohio Electric Railway Co. Member Detroit and Michigan State Bar associations. Republican. Recreation: Horseback riding. Office: 59 Buhl Blk. Residence: 1161 Grand River Av.

ROBSON, Frank E., lawyer; born, Lansing, Mich., July 20, 1859; son of John and Mary (Ingersoll) Robson; educated in public schools of Lansing; Michigan Agricultural College, Lansing, 1875-78, degree of B. S., 1878; Law Department, University, of Michigan, degree of LL. B., 1883; married at Toledo, O., June 10, 1885, Caroline W. Claflin. Began practice of law in office of Schuyler F. Seager, Lansing, continuing until death of Mr. Seager, 1883; in partnership with S. S. Olds as Olds & Robson, 1883-88, and practiced alone, 1888-90; removed to Detroit, and practiced in partnership with Judge Van Zile until 1893; practiced alone,

1893-05; has been senior member firm of Robson, George & Fisher since Jan. 1, 1905. Secretary and treasurer Hennepin Iron Co.; secretary Springwells Brick Co.; director St. Clair Land Co., Lansing. Lecturer on private corporations at Detroit College of Law. Member Detroit Bar Association, Michigan State Bar Association, American Bar Association. Republican. Congregationalist. Club: Detroit. Recreation: Culture of flowers. Office: 720 Hammond Bldg. Residence: 48 Canfield Av., E.

ROEHM, Albert H., secretary and treasurer Detroit Carriage Co.; born, Detroit, Dec. 5, 1863; son of Herman and Caroline (Rich) Roehm; educated in public schools of Detroit; married at Detroit, Jan. 3, 1887, Mary Gackle. Began active career as clerk for W. H. Edgar & Son, dealers in sugar; next was inspector Detroit Electrical Works; became connected, 1886, with Rumsey Manufacturing Co., later Detroit Carriage Manufacturing Co., which was succeeded by the Detroit Carriage Co., manufacturers of vehicle bodies, of which he has been secretary and treasurer since 1903. Also vice president Northwestern Foundry and Supply Co.; secretary Bellevue Pipe and Foundry Co., Bellevue, O.; director Michigan Storage Battery Co. Member Detroit Board of Commerce. Independent in politics. Member Palestine Lodge, F. & A. M., Peninsular Chapter, R. A. M. Office: Cor. Clay Av. and St. Aubin St. Residence: 12 Euclid Av.

ROEHM, Charles M.; born, Detroit, Mar. 26, 1867; son of Herman and Caroline (Rich) Roehm; educated in public schools of Detroit; married at Pontiac, Mich., June 29, 1892, Mary Stevens. Has been connected with firm of Roehm & Davison since the beginning of his business career. Office: 91 W. Woodbridge St. Residence: 37 Warren Av., E.

ROEHM, Herman; born, Germany, Oct. 28, 1837; son of John David and Elizabeth C. Roehm; came to America, 1847; educated in public. schools of Germany and Detroit public and private schools; married, 1862, Caroline Rich (died, May 26, 1905). Has lived in Detroit since 1847; began active career as bookkeeper in hardware and jewelry store, 1852; in 1867, assisted in organizing firm of Radcliff, Roehm & Weston, hardware, succeeded by Roehm Bros., and becoming Roehm & Davison, 1871, incorporated, 1901. Also president Detroit Carriage Co. Republican. Presbyterian. Member Masonic order. Recreation: Reading. Office: 91-95 Woodbridge St. Residence: 36 E. Ferry Av.

ROEHM, Robert John Frederick; born at Wurtemberg, Germany, Feb. 5, 1835; son of John and Elizabeth (Schnepf) Roehm; came to America, Dec. 5, 1847; educated in private and high schools of Germany and public schools of Detroit; married, Ist, Dorothea Ruehle (now deceased); again, 1903, Mary Iola Smith. Began active career in Germany as assistant to his father, who was a tanner; served apprenticeship at jeweler's trade with Valentine & Crewell, Detroit, 1849-52; went to Providence, R. I., and worked at trade in various shops; returned to Detroit, 1856, and entered employment of George Doty, continuing until 1861;