War and Peace in the Law of Islam

Abū accepted accordance adopt advised agreed Allah Apostle Arab arbitration attack authority basis battle become believers Byzantine Cairo caliph called century certain character Christian conception constitute Cyprus dār al-ḥarb dār al-Islām dhimmis division duty early emissaries Empire enemy enforced established Ethiopia Europe European fighting follows force foreign give given governing Hanbali imām International Islam Jews jihad jizya jurists killed Kitāb land later law of nations live London means mission Mu'awiya Muḥammad Muslim Muslim law nature non-Muslim obligation observe opinion original Ottoman parties peace period permitted Persian political practice principle prisoners Prophet Prophet Muḥammad Qur'ān reason regarded relations religion religious reported rule rulers sent Shaybānī society sources subjects Sultan territory theory tion trade traditional treaty tribes tribute Umar Western