Aging by Design: How New Thinking on Aging Will Change Your Life

adult age of reproductive age-related diseases aging mechanisms aging process antagonistic pleiotropy anti-aging medicine anti-aging research apoptosis asexual reproduction behavior believe biogerontologists biological inheritance Caenorhabditis elegans caloric restriction cancer cells cohorts complex organisms Darwin’s ideas Darwin’s theory descendents deteriorative processes diffuse benefit digital data effect evolution process evolution theory evolutionary benefit evolutionary mechanics theory evolutionary motivation evolutionary value evolvability benefits exist function genetic Grey group benefit group selection human aging increase individual benefit clause individual disadvantage individually adverse intelligent design live longer maintenance and repair major Medawar’s mice modification to Darwin’s multi-species mutations natural selection negligible senescence non-programmed aging non-programmed theories NS species obviously older organism characteristics population possess problem produce programmed aging theories programmed death proposed reproductive capability reproductive maturity result Richard Dawkins scientific disagreement semelparous sexual reproduction signaling species-specific suggested Telomeres theories of aging theorists tradeoff traditional Darwinism variation wear-and-tear theories Werner syndrome Williams young zero