doth much allay the sorrow for my Lady Eliza beth's death. Your excellencye will easily imagine what an alarume his highnesse's sicknesse gave us, beinge in the posture wee are now in.” A slow fever, however, still lurked about the Lord Protector, and on the 24th he was again confined to his room. The fever was pronounced to be a bastard tertian. One of his physicians, as they stood in his chamber that day, whispered to another that his pulse was intermittent. The words caught the ears of the great soldier: he turned pale; a cold perspiration covered his face; and, requesting to be placed in bed, he executed his private will. The next morning he had recovered his usual composure; and, when he received the visit of his physician, ordering all to quit the room but his wife, whom he held by the hand, he said to the physician, "Do not think that I shall die; I am sure that I shall not." Then, observing the surprise which these words excited, he continued, "Don't think that I am mad; I tell you the truth; I know it from better authority than any which you can have from Galen or Hippocrates. It is the answer of God himself to our prayers; not to mine alone, but to those of others, who have a more intimate interest in him than I he could repose the utmost confidence, and to | whom he gave the pay and appointments of officers. He divided them into eight troops of twenty men each, and directed that two of these bodies, in rotation, should always be on duty near his person. He wore a coat of mail, or steel shirt, as it was called, under his clothes; he carried loaded pistols in his pockets; he sought to remain in privacy; and, when he found it necessary to give audience, he "sternly watched the eyes and gestures of those who addressed him." He was careful that his own motions should not be known beforehand. His carriage was filled with attendants; a numerous escort accompanied him; and he proceeded at full speed, "frequently diverging from the road to the right or left, and generally returning by a different route.' In his palace he often inspected the nightly watch; changed his bedchamber; and was careful that, besides the principal door, there should be some other egress for the facility of escape. And this was the Cromwell who had almost singly turned the enemy's line at Marston Moor-the Cromwell of Naseby, of Worcester, of Newbury, of Dunbar! But what spirit can fight against shadows-those most terrible shadows that spring up from the grave of virtue? This hero pass-have." The same communication was made ed his nights in a state of feverish anxiety; sleep had fled from his pillow; and for more than a year before his death, the absence of rest is always found assigned as either the cause which produced, or the circumstances which aggravated, his numerous ailments.* But now they were all forgotten in the sudden and most dangerous relapse of his dearest daughter. It was announced to him that she was dying. Public affairs, private dangers, his own bodily pains-all were thrust aside for the greater love and the more unselfish sorrow, and he hurried to Hampton Court to watch by her bedside her slightest wish; to alleviate, or console, or share her dying thoughts and sufferings. The Lord Protector of three great kingdoms became the protector of his child alone; and that deathbed, if it had its dark pangs of grief, had surely its tender rays of sunshine too. Such griefs to such a man must have brought back with them some of nature's kindest memories. to Thurloe, and to the different members of the Protector's family; nor did it fail to obtain credit among men who believed that “in other instances he had been favoured with similar assurances, and they had never deceived him." Hence his chaplain, Goodwin, exclaimed, “0 Lord, we pray not for his recovery—that thou hast granted already: what we now beg is his speedy recovery."+ All of them seem to have forgotten (and himself, alas! the first) that nine days later would be his FORTUNATE DAY. Having been moved for change of air to Whitehall till the palace of St. James's could be prepared for him, his strength rapidly wasted, and his fever became a double tertian. On the 25th of August Thurloe thus wrote to Henry Cromwell: "May it please your excellencye, I gave you some account by Doctor Worth of His Highnesse's condition, as it then was; but least he should delay his journey, or miscarry in it, I thought it necessary to send this expresse, to the end your excellencye may fully understand how it is with his Highnesse. * Bates's Elenchi, pars secunda, p. 215. I subjoin the original passage: "Post prandium autem accedentibus ad eum quinque quos habebat medicis, quidam ex tacto pulsum intermisisse pronunciat: quo, audito ille subito consternstus ore pallet, sudatiunculas patitur, et ferè deliquium, jubétque se ad lectulum deportari; atque ibi cardiacis refocillatus, supremum condidit testamentum, sed de rebus privatis et domesticis. Manè summo, cum unus è cæteris visitatum veniret, percontatur, quare vultus ei adeo tristis. Cùmque responderet, ità oportere, si cui vitæ ac salutie ejus pondus incumberet; Vos (inquit) medici me creditis intermoriturum: dein cæteris amotis (uxorem manu complectens) ita hunc affatur. Tibi pronuncio, non esse miti hoc morbo moriendum; hujus enim certus sum. On the 4th of August the Lady Elizabeth Claypole died, and on the 17th Thurloe wrote to Henry Cromwell. Having described "my Lady Elizabeth's funeral," the secretary thus proceeded: "Your lordship is a very sensible judge how great an affliction this was to both their highnesses, and how sadd a familye she left behinde her, which saddness was truly very much increased by the sicknesse of his highnesse, who at the same time lay very ill of the gout, and other distempers, contracted by the long sicknesse of my Lady Elizabeth, which made great impressione upon him; and since that, wheither it were the retiringe of the gout out of his foot into his body, or from some other cause, I am not able to say, he hath beene very daungerous-oribus innixus quam vobis Galanus aut Hippocrates vester ly sicke, the violence whereof lasted 4 or 5 days; but, blessed be God, he is now reasonable well recovered, and this day he went abroad for an houre, and findes himselfe much refreshed by it, soe that this recovery of his highnesse * Lingard, vol. ii., p. 350. Et qua intentiori aspectantem oculo ad ista verba cerneret. To me (inquit) ne credas insanire; verba veritatis eloquor, certi suppeditat rationibus. Deus ipse hoc responsum precibas dedit non meis unius, verùm et eorum quibus arctius cam illo commercium et major familiaritas. Pergite alseres, excussâ penitus â vultu tristitia, méque instar servuli tractate. Pollere vobis licet prudentia rerum; plus tamen valet natura quàm medici simul omnes; Deus autem naturam longiori superat intervallo." Lingard, vol. ii., p. 353. This is the 13th day since his Ague took him, havinge been sicke a fortnight before of a generall distemper of body. It continued a good while to be a tertian ague, and the burninge fitts very violent. Upon Saterday it fell to a double tertian, havinge two fitts in 24 houres, one upon the heeles of another, which doe extreamely weaken him, and endaunger his life. And truly since Saterday morninge he hath scarce beene perfectly out of his fitts. The Doctors are yett hopefull that he may struggle through it, though their hopes are mingled with much feare. But truly wee have cause to put our hope in the Lord, and to expect mercy from him in this case, he havinge stirred up the saints to pray for him in all places. Never was there a greater stocke of prayers goinge for any man than is now goinge for him; and truly there is a generall consternation upon the spirits of all men, good and bad, fearinge what may be the event of it, should it please God to take his highnesse at this tyme: and God havinge prepared the heart to pray, I trust he will enclyne his eare to heare. And that which is some ground of hope is, that the Lorde, as in some former occasions, hath given to himselfe a perticular assurance that he shall yett live to serve him, and to carry on the worke he hath put into his handes. . I doe not yett finde that there are any great stirringes yett upon this occasion, though the Cavaliers doe begin to listen after it, and hope their day is cominge, or indeed come, if his Highnesse dye. And truly, my Lord, wee have cause to feare that it may goe very ill with us if the Lord should take away his Highnesse in this conjuncture. Not that I thinke Charles Stewart's interest is soe great, or his partye soe powerfull in themselves; but I feare our own divisions, which may be great enough if his Highnesse should not settle and fix his successor before he dyes, which truly I beleeve he hath not yett done. He did by himselfe declare one in a paper before he was installed by the Parliament, and sealed it up in | the forme of a letter, directinge it to me, but kept both the name of the person and the paper to himselfe. After he fell sicke at Hampton Court, he sent Mr. John Barrington to London for it, tellinge him it lay upon his study table at Whitehall; but it was not to be found there, nor elsewhere, though it hath been very narrowly looked for. And in this condition matters stand, his highnesse havinge beene too ill to be troubled with a buisnesse of this importance. This day he hath had some discourse about it, but his illnesse disenabled him to conclude it fully; and if it should please the Lord not to give him tyme to settle his succession before his death, the judgement would be the soarer, and our condition the more daungerous; but I trust he will have compassion on us, and not leave us as a prey to our enemies, or to one another. All persons here are very reserved as to what they will doe in case his Highnesse should not declare his Successor before he dyes, not beinge willinge to enterteyne any discourse of it, either because it is a matter too grievous to be thought of, or because they would not discover any oppinion which might crosse his highnesse's thoughts in his life tyme. And this, my Lord, is the whole account I am able to give your Lordship of this sadd buisnesse, which I am sure will occasion much trouble and sorrow to you; but I could not omit my duty, judginge it absolutely necessary that your Excellency should understand all that passes or falls out upon this subject, that you may the better knowe how to direct your prayers and counsells, and stirre up others alsoe to pray for his highnesse and three nations in this day of distresse. And as anythinge further occurs (which I beseech the Lord may be for good) I shall suddenly despatch it away to you, and be ready to answer such Commands as your Excellencye shall lay upon me, beinge Your Excellencye's most humble, faithfull, and obedient servant, Jo. THURLoe. Whitehall, 30 Aug., 1658, 9 o'clock at night. . . . The Kinge of Sweden and the Kinge of Dennimark are againe in open hostillity; the Kinge of Sweden landed an army upon his island of Zealand, and is like to possesse himselfe of his Capital Citty, Copenhagen, and the Sound. The cause of this new quarrel I cannot now acquaint your excellencye, beinge not informed myselfe.. That about the Succession is an absolute secret: I beseech your Excellencye keepe it soe." This despatch suggests thoughts with which this work has nothing now to do. The final scene approached fast. On the second of September, Cromwell, who had been delirious, had a lucid interval of some duration. He called on one of his chaplains to read a certain text to him out of the Bible. They read what he directed from St. Paul to the Philippians: "Not that I speak in respect of want; for I have learned, in whatever state I am, therewith to be content. I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me. Notwithstanding, ye have well done that ye did communicate with my affliction." As this fell upon his ear, he murmured brokenly forth these inexpressibly touching words. "This scripture did once sare my life when my eldest son. ... died, which went as a dagger to my heart. . . indeed it did.”* Then, as they stood around his bed, he suddenly lifted himself up, and, with what energy remained, "Tell me," said he to Sterry, one of his chaplains, "is it possible to fall from grace?" "It is not possible," replied the minister. "Then," exclaimed the dying man, "I am safe; for I know that I was once in grace." So, reassuring himself even then with the most fatal doctrine of his life, he turned round and prayed, not for himself, but for God's people.t Lord," he said, "although I am a miserable and wretched creature, I am in covenant with thee through grace, and I may, I will come to thee for thy people. Thou hast made me (though very unworthy) a mean instrument to do them some good and thee service; and many of them have set too high a value upon me, though others Collection of Passages concerning his late Highness in Time of his Sickness, p. 12. The author was Underwood, groom of the bedchamber, and was present at the scene. † [Respecting his alleged beloved notion of final perseverance, that once a child of God always so, and his supposed question whether a man could fall from grace, and the sup posed answers of Goodwin and Sterry, such a conversation might or might not pass, but is conceived to mean no more than Cromwell's belief of the doctrine of predestination and election, which many wise and good persons of the then and present times, both in and out of the Church, have beEnglish Church. See Memoirs of the Protector, vol. ii., p. 409.-C.] lieved and do believe to be contained in the Articles of the wish and would be glad of my death; but, Lord, however thou dost dispose of me, continue and go on to do good for them; give them consistency of judgment, one heart, and mutual love, and go on to deliver them; and with the work of reformation; and make the name of Christ glorious in the world; teach those who look too much upon thy instruments to depend more upon thyself; pardon such as desire to trample upon the dust of a poor worm, for they are thy people too; and pardon the folly of this short prayer, even for Jesus Christ's sake, and give us a good night, if it be thy pleasure." always righteous, and wee must submitt to his will, and resigne up ourselves to him with all our concernements. . . . His highnesse was pleased before his death to declare my Lord Richard successor. He did it upon Munday; and the Lord hath soe ordered it, that the councell and army hath received him with all manner of affection. He is this day proclaymed; and hitherto there seems a great face of peace: the Lord continue it! . . . It is not to be sayd what affection the army and all people shew to his late highnesse; his name is already precious. Never was there any man soe pray'd for as he was during his sicknesse-solemne assemblies meetinge every day to beseech the Lord for the continuance of his life-soe that he is gone to heaven, embalmed with the teares of his people, and upon the winges of the prayers of the saints. He lived desired and dyed lamented, everybody bemoaninge themselves, and sayinge, A great man is fallen in Israel!' The Lord double his spirit upon his successor and He went into a kind of stupor after this, but revived a little as the night closed in, and began to murmur half-audible words. An eyewitness* describes the affecting scene: "Truly God is good; indeed he is... he will notThere his speech failed him; but, as I apprehended, it was, 'He will not leave me.' This saying that God was good he frequently used all along, and would speak it with much cheer-upon your excellencye, that you both may be fulness and fervour of spirit in the midst of his pain. Again he said, I would be willing to live to be further serviceable to God and his people, but my work is done; yet God will be with his people.' He was very restless most part of the night, speaking often to himself; and there being something to drink offered him, he was desired to take the same, and endeavour to sleep; unto which he answered, It is not my design to drink or to sleep, but my design is to make what haste I can to be gone.' famous in your generation, and be helped by God, with one heart and shoulder, to carry on that worke, the foundation whereof your most renowned father layed, and for which posteritie will blesse him! The councell hath given your excellencye an account of what is done as to the proclayminge his highnesse your brother. I only herewith send the voet of the councell; and, though I know not what will be my portion or condition here, yett I shall alwayes be your excellencye's most humble and obedient servant, Jo. THURLOE.". His highnesse (Richard) intends to send a gentleman to your excellencye in the beginninge of the next weeke, to let you understand fully the state of all thinges here and of your family, and commanded me to desire you to excuse his not writinge by this messenger. The truth is, his highnesse's death is soe soare a stroake unto him, and he is soe sensible of it, that he is in noe condition to write or doe yett. Here is a sadd family on all hands: the Lord sup port them!" The morning of the next day dawned from a sky of terrible storm. It was the 3d of September. Cromwell had relapsed into a state of utter insensibility, but he lived until four o'clock in the afternoon, when, unconscious still, he breathed heavily, and his chaplains looking closely into the bed, found that his great spirit had passed away. All the attendants who were present, and who had lost at that instant one of the kindest, the gentlest, and most affectionate of masters, wept and groaned aloud. "Cease to weep," exclaimed the enthusiastic and most confident Sterry; "you have more reason to rejoice. He was The great storm of the night of the 2d of your protector here; he will prove a still more September, 1658, reached to the coasts of the powerful protector, now that he is with Christ Mediterranean. It was such a night in Lonat the right hand of the Father!" don as had rarely been passed by dwellers in crowded streets. Trees were torn from their roots in the park, chimneys blown down, and houses unroofed in the city. The various accounts which writers as various have handed down to us, would seem to realize the night of Duncan's murder. Thurloe at once announced the event to Henry Cromwell in this earnest and mournful despatch: "May please your excellencye, I did by an expresse upon Munday give your excellencye an account of his highnesse's sick nesse and the daunger he was in; since that, it hath pleased God to put an end to his dayes. He died yesterday, about four of the clocke in the afternoone. I am not able to speake or write. This stroake is soe soare, soe unexpected, the providence of God in it soe stupendious, consideringe the person that is fallen, the tyme and season wherein God tooke him away, with other circumstances, I can doe nothinge but put my mouthe in the dust, and say, It is the Lord! And though his wayes be not always knowne, yet they are * Underwood. [A most touching account of the death-scene is contained in the closing pages of Carlyle's second volume, p. 406-12.-C.] "As they say, Lamentings heard i' the air; strange screams of death It was, indeed, a night which prophesied a woful time to England, but to Cromwell it proved far more surely than at Worcester or Dunbar, a night of happiness. It ushered in for him, his FORTUNATE DAY.* [Since this work has been in press, the production of Monsieur Guizot on Charles I. and Cromwell has appeared It is marked by great ability. It will be consulted by all who are interested in the character of the Lord Proteria. It is published by the Messrs. Appleton, New-York-CJ From this, the reader will observe, Charles I. and Crom- | and ty'd in near alliances to the blood of our later kings, as well's mother were eighth cousins; James I. and Oliver himself ninth cousins; Oliver and Charles I. ninth cousins one remove; and the Protector Richard, Oliver's second son, tenth cousin to the ill-fated English king. Mr. Noble has not failed to direct attention to the fact, that "the royal line so constantly marrying at a very early age, had got one descent of the younger branch, from whom Mrs. Cromwell, Oliver's mother, derived her birth; a thing very common, owing to a cause too obvious to be mentioned." These details, I may add, were not so satisfactorily made out during the life of the Protector as they have since been. His mother's modest character forbade such assumptions on her part, and he was himself too proud of his self-achieved authority to set up the miserable shadow of a fantastic family claim, which, if it established any thing, should have bespoken pity for the kinsman he had sent to the block. His more servile admirers and dependants, however, did not fail to press for him his hereditary pretensions on the royal score; but the way in which they urged it showed on how obscure a tradition it rested then. One "H. Daubenny" published, the year after Cromwell's death, a duodecimo volaine of 300 pages, entitled "Historie and Policie Reviewed, in the Heroic Transactions of his Most Serene Highnesse, Oliver, late Lord-Protector, from his Cradle to his Tomb: declaring his steps to princely perfection; as they are drawn in lively parallels to the ascents of the great patriarch Moses, in thirty degrees to the height of Honour." In which Mosaic parallel we find this remark: "I cannot say his late highnesse was extracted from so priestly a family [as Moses), but altogether as princely, being lineally descended from the loynes of our most ancient Brittish princes, by that thrice noble family of the Barringtons, and divers others; which to make a petigree of would take up more paper than we intend for our volume, and make me appear more a herald than an historian. Nay, indeed, should I but go about to prove his highnesse's most illustrious house noble, I should commit a sacriledge in the temple of honour, and onely violate his most glorious family with a more solemn infamy. His highnesse is unquestionably known to have descended from such a stem of princely antecessors, that whole ages, which waste rocks and wear out elements, have never altered to lessen, but rather advance, the hon our of his great house. He was derived from such a family, that we may better say of it than what was of the other, ez qua nescit aliquid mediocre nasci, from whence nothing ordinary can proceed; as is likewise made notoriously evident in those other most eminent persons of honour, now living, who are blest with a share of his incomparable blood; who have spread their glory abroad, so well as at home, and built themselves such trophies, in the hearts of their very enemies, that eternity itself must celebrate; so no time can ever be able to demolish, or reduce into oblivion. And that I may not be thought to flatter so great a truth, I will be bold to hasten, and abruptly conclude this first point of our Mosaical parallel, with saying onely, that this sublime person, his late most serene highnesse, our second, as the first great Moses, came into the world like a princely pearl, and made it appear, by the quality of his orient, that if nature pleased to equal his birth to the best of noblemen upon earth, he would equal his virtues to his extraction; as we shall see more plainly, when we mount a little higher upon our Mosaical ascents and parallels." From all which it appears that Mr. Daubenny knew no- the mark, when, in his Annals, he observed, that "at the thing of the real pedigree, but guessed it out from tradition, fatal battle of Halidon, two Stuarts fought under the banner assisted by his hero's old Welsh origin and his relationship to of their chief; the one, Alan of Dreghorn, the paternal an his uncle, Sir Francis Barrington, who could trace his pedi-cestor of Charles I., and the other, James of Rosyth, the gree up to the Norman Conquest. Lord Hailes was nearer maternal ancestor of Oliver Cromwell.” B. OLIVER CROMWELL. Had nine children, of whom only two sons and three daughters survived him. One daughter and two sons (Robert and James) died in extreme youth; his second son, Oliver, a captain in the service of the Parliament, fell in battle in July, 1648. The following table enumerates only the families of the male descendants, of whom such as had male issue continuing the name are enclosed in lines: Which nobody can deny. A brewer may put on a Nabal face, Elizabeth Olivera married to T. A. Now here remains the strangest thing, Which nobody can deny A brewer may do what he will, D. Which nobody can deny. SIR OLIVER CROMWELL. SIR OLIVER CROMWELL, a wealthy and respectable old knight, and a stanch Cavalier, claims some notice from the biographer of his illustrious nephew. He had succeeded to Which nobody can deny. the enormous estates of Sir Henry, and chiefly resided, of A brewer may speak so wondrous well, course, at the splendid family seat of Hinchinbrook. “Sir Oliver Cromwell," says Noble, "eldest son and heir of Sır Henry, was a most popular and beloved character in his Which nobody can deny. own county of Huntingdon, for which he was returned one A brewer may make his foes to flee, of the members in the Parliaments called in the 31st, 35th, 39th, and 43d years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and had the honour to receive knighthood from her majesty in Which nobody can deny. 1598, in which year he was sheriff of the counties of Huntingdon and Cambridge." A brewer may be all in all, Immediately after the latter date, some enormous actessions appear to have fallen into his rent-rolls; but Sir Oliver was a true Cavalier, fond of the present, careless of the Which nobody can deny. future, and with every new accession of fortune more reck A brewer may be like a fox in a cub, lessly profuse of the old. His love of display was carried at all times to ridiculous excess; but it was not till the death of Elizabeth that the brilliant thought of his life occurred Which nobody can deny. to him, namely, that, as the new king must pass through A brewer by his excise and rate Huntingdon in his journey from Edinburgh to London, it would reflect eternal glory on the Cromwells if a magnifi cent entertainment at Hinchinbrook awaited the passage of Which nobody can deny. the new sovereign! Poor Sir Oliver little knew what other Methinks I hear one say to me, and different glories an infant Oliver was then providing for the Cromwells-what other and different entertainments for that Scotch dynasty of English kings! The knight's duteous invitation having been accepted by Which nobody can deny. royalty, it became his next care to show off as much as pos A brewer may be as bold as Hector, sible the family claims of the Cromwells, and so, according to Noble, "he hastily made such improvements in his house as he judged most proper; and at this time he built that Which nobody can deny. very elegant bow window to the dining-room, in which are |