clesiastical Commission with the board appointed for administering Queen Anne's Bounty. This latter, though somewhat too obsequiously named, is essentially a charitable trust, and by its administration does contrive to elicit a number of other acts of a rather mixed kind of charity. There is enough, at least, of good in it to make us jealous of sustaining its character: we should be sorry to see it converted into a mere agency office for buying and selling Church property. Further, the amalgamating these two boards would be a step towards what Mr. Colquhoun, we believe, equally with ourselves, would deprecate, but which Mr. Kaye Shuttleworth and an active party in various ways are aiming at-the establishment of a Bureau of Public Worship and Instruction. In the principle that a large increase of the Clergy in all its orders is imperatively needed, it is unnecessary for us at this time to state our acquiescence; and we take our leave of Mr. Colquhoun with thanking him very heartily for the boldness with which he has advocated it.

We pass now to notice briefly the other Pamphlets which we have associated with the "Plan" of Lord Ashley and his colleagues. And it is remarkable that they all tend to illustrate what these gentlemen and other reformers are so apt to be oblivious of,-that the Capitular and Episcopal Properties are already liable to responsibilities to the full as extensive as they are capable of meeting, even under the most judicious management. Who that remembers the appeal of the Spiritual Aid Fund in Westminster, for example, not to mention other Incumbencies in their Patronage, can doubt that the Dean and Chapter of S. Peter's are without claim upon their surplus revenues? Who can look through the list of livings belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church, Oxford, and believe that they have not enough to do with their money, if Parliament would only secure its being done. Let the letter of Mr. Brown, of Chichester, which we noticed a few months since, be borne in mind, and generally let the Minor Canons and Lay Clerks of Cathedral and Collegiate Churches be consulted,-and the same result will be arrived at. In short, let any one attend the Service at any of our Cathedrals, and he will not fail to admit that all the officials require to be doubled in number, as well as raised in character.

And, then, in addition to their long-established claims, let a survey be taken of the various new Institutions now struggling into existence, and enjoying only a precarious life when established. What do Diocesan Colleges, and Training Schools, and Homes for decayed Clergy, and Missionary Institutions, and the like, but point to a want that is everywhere felt, and at the same time indicate channels into which the zeal and piety of those who have inherited the splendid memorials of the mediaval ages may be advantageously directed. The great and good men who founded our Cathedrals

thought nothing alien to them which had a tendency to set forth the glory of GoD and the good of His Church. Did their spirit survive where most of all we might hope to find it, there would be no need of Acts of Parliament and Church Commissions. Instead

of the residence of a single Canon enforced by fines, and then oftentimes not extended to the daily offices of the Church, the whole body would be found habitually present in Choir, not overlooking the service, but taking part heartily in it. Instead of one Minor Canon, and two or three ill paid, disaffected, singing men, there would be a body of devout, zealous Priests and Lay Vicars, singing heart and soul the daily praises of Almighty GoD. The same spirit would, as a matter of course, be infused into Choristers and Vergers; and be responded to-who can doubt ?-by large congregations of religious worshippers. Here would be a home and education offered to the self-denying student, the decayed priest, or the pious devotee who desired to spend her days in works of mercy under the shadow of the sacred fane. Here would be counsellors for the Bishop, and ready stores of learning to aid the Parish Priest in his vocations while abroad, in the various farms and manors belonging to the house, instead of the imprecations of a grudging yet plundering tenantry, would be the grateful acknowledgments of dependents, cared for religiously both in body and soul, a model to all surrounding parishes. Nor would their good deeds be circumscribed within bounds even so large as would thus be afforded. They would overflow to the whole Diocese and neighbourhood, and those whom their good example did not quicken to a holy love of GOD, might yet be shamed into doing a respectable amount of duty. Messrs. Sidney Herbert, then, and Lockhart Ross, and Sandys,† and Palin, are entitled to our most grateful thanks for calling attention to the various neglected duties of Deans and Chapters; and if we do not expatiate more largely on the miserable catalogue of offences and shortcomings exhibited by these bodies, it is because the subject is too painful to dwell upon. We shall content ourselves with making a single extract from the Statutes of Canterbury Cathedral, and then just summarily state what it is that Messrs. Sandys and Ross desire.

"And that Prayers and Supplications may be made piously, decently, and in order, in our Church, and that the praise of God may be celebrated daily with singing, organs, and rejoicing, we ordain and order that the Minor Canons and Lay Clerks, together with the Master of the Choristers, and the Choristers, shall perform Divine Service daily, morning and evening, in the choir of our Church, according to the use,

Did we consider ourselves at liberty so to do, we would quote largely from Mr. Sidney Herbert's very able and interesting Letter. We earnestly hope he may be induced to publish it.

We are not, of course, to be understood as agreeing with any of these writers in toto. Mr. Sandys, for example, has a most ridiculous proposal that Minor Canons should succeed to stalls after thirty years service, i.e., when they are superannuated !

manner, and rites of this and other Cathedral Churches; nor shall any one presume in the mean time by running about, talking, or in any other manner to behave himself irreverently. We do not oblige them to sing the offices at night. Moreover, we will that, on all the principal feast days in the year, viz. on the days of the Birth of our LORD, Easter, and Pentecost, as likewise on the day of our Accession, or of our successors, and on the fifth day of November, the Dean, if he shall be at home, or in his absence the Vice-Dean; but on the feasts of the Circumcision, Epiphany, and the Ascension of our LORD, and of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin and of All Saints, the Prebendaries in residence, in their order, shall publicly celebrate in our Church Divine Service, and the Holy Communion, if such shall be appointed on those days, upon pain of Forty Shillings so often as it shall happen. Moreover we will and command in the LORD, that such a course shall be established by the Dean and Chapter that, as often as may be possible, as well the Dean and Canons, as all the other ministers, officers, and stipendiaries of this Church, of whatsoever calling, be partakers of the LORD's Table in the Cathedral Church. We ordain also that none of the Canons, or others ministering in the Choir, in the time of Divine Service, shall enter into the choir without the vestments suitable to the choir and to his degree; and he who shall enter the choir not so arrayed, shall be taken as absent; and every one (of whatsoever degree or order he shall be) shall, at the entrance of the choir, and adoring the Divine Majesty with a devout mind, humbly bend towards the altar, (as we have known to be enjoined by the ancient statutes of some churches,) and afterwards turning round, shall make the accustomed reverence to the Dean. And if it shall happen that any person, from what cause soever, shall move from place to place in the choir, he shall make the like reverence in the middle of the choir, as well towards the altar as towards the Dean's stall (if he shall be present), as well in going as in returning, as often as it shall happen. Moreover, we will that each Grammar Master shall be present in the choir on the feast days, arrayed in the vestments suitable to the choir and to his degree; of whom the one shall take his place in the choir next above the Minor Canons, on the right-hand side of the choir, the other next above the Minor Canons, on the left-hand side of the Choir. Furthermore we will that the grammar boys, who are maintained at the expense of the Church, shall be present in the choir, in competent vestments, on the feast days, and also on the vigils of the same, and shall diligently perform the duties enjoined them by the Precentor (unless they shall be otherwise ordered by the Head Master); and the boys who shall be absent shall be punished by their masters. Moreover, on every week day, Morning Prayers shall be said at six of the clock in summer, and at seven of the clock in winter, in some chapel of the Church, or in some other part of the same to be assigned by the Dean, by one of the Minor Canons, in his turn, without singing, according to the use of the Church of England, and that summarily, and with only one Lesson, if it shall seem expedient."

In this, as in all parallel cases, return must be made to the Statutes, and to the spirit of Founders; and we are exceedingly glad

to find that the Lay Clerks of Canterbury, as well as their very temperate and judicious advocate, have taken their stand altogether upon them. Their memorial is addressed to Lord John Russell, as Prime Minister and a member of the Ecclesiastical Commission, and they pray respectfully that no funds may be alienated from their foundation, till every want of the Cathedral be provided.

"The provision appointed," they state, "by the statutes for the maintenance, clothing, and remuneration of the duodecim Cleric Laici' was, at the time of the foundation and endowment of the present Cathedral establishment by King Henry VIII., amply sufficient; but that from the change of times, the great depreciation in the value of money, the discontinuance of the "common table" and of the clothing, the mere pecu-· niary stipend of £4. 5s. 10d. per annum, became altogether inadequate and insufficient to procure the services of the "Clerici Laici," as required by the statutes.

"That your Memorialists believe that the continued existence of Cathedral Churches in this kingdom, and of the venerable orders of men, ecclesiastical and secular, appointed to serve therein, depends entirely upon the faithful and efficient performance of their characteristic choral service-ut singulisq. diebus Laus Dei Cantu, organis, et jubilatione celebretur . . . .... quotidie, manè et vesperi.' [Stat. XXXIV.] And that if the Cathedral choral service be not efficiently maintained, or be suffered to fall into desuetude, the Cathedrals themselves will speedily degenerate into mere parochial churches.

"That, to prevent so lamentable a catastrophe, the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury have, from time to time, increased the stipends of the 'Clerici Laici;' and your Memorialists have been informed that, in the year 1770, their annual stipend was £25; afterwards £30; and, in 1810, was raised to £40, at which it still continues.

“That the annual stipend of £40 is by no means equivalent to the provision contemplated for the Clerici Laici' at the time of the foundation and endowment of the Cathedral by King Henry VIII., and is a very insufficient remuneration for their services, inadequate to provide a competent body of well-educated persons to sustain the characteristic choral service of the Church, and affords but very slender and insufficient means for the decent maintenance of themselves and their families.

That your Memorialists humbly insist that the choral service established in our Cathedrals is not a merely human institution, but that in all ages of the Church (both Jewish and Christian), the glory, honour, and praises of GOD have been, by Divine appointment, celebrated in His Temple by Psalms and Hymns, and with instruments of music dedicated to His service.

That although the revenues of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury have prodigiously increased since its foundation by King Henry VIII., your Memorialists do not expect or desire that the insufficiency of their stipends should be supplied from the revenues of the Dean and Chapter; but your Memorialists humbly pray that the revenues of the prebendal stalls already suppressed, and of those hereafter to be sup

pressed in this Cathedral Church, may in the first instance be applied to the due maintenance, support, and remuneration of the Clerici Laici' of this the Metropolitical Church of England.

"And your Memorialists humbly submit that their stipends should at least be put upon an equal footing with those of the Cathedral Church of Durham, which, as your Memorialists are informed, amount to £114 12s. per annum."

The main object of Mr. Ross, as his title declares, is to connect such Institutions as Seminarics for Clergy, Training Colleges, and the like, with the Cathedral Clergy, and to place them directly under their control; and he would make them reside permanently. The plan of course is not original; but it is good as far as it goes.

DR. TODD ON THE AUTHORITIES USED BY ROMAN

CATHOLIC WRITERS.

The Search after Infallibility. Remarks on the Testimony of the Fathers to the Roman Doctrine of Infallibility. By JAMES HENTHORN TODD, D.D., M.R.I.A., &c. &c. Dublin: M'Glashan.

IN August, 1847, the Archbishop of Dublin delivered, and afterwards published a discourse with which we certainly have no sympathy, called "The search after Infallibility considered." To this a reply was soon after sent out by Dr. O'Connell, late Professor of Divinity at Oscott, entitled, "Strictures on the Discourse, &c."

This pamphlet had been published for some time before Dr. Todd saw it; afterwards between April and November, 1848, he published a series of papers on it in the British Magazine, which are now collected and republished in a separate work, and form a small and an interesting volume.

Dr. O'Connell's strictures were directed to the subject of the a priori argument in favour of a permanent living infallible guide in the Church, and to the evidence to be derived in favour of it from the Holy Scriptures and from the Fathers. It is with the last part only that Dr. Todd's work is concerned; viz. the quotations adduced from the Fathers; and here it may be as well to state that, as Dr. Todd observes, Dr. O'Connell changes his ground from arguing for a permanent infallible guide to that of bringing evidence "for the Catholic rule of faith" and undertakes to answer the two following questions, which are given in his own words.

"1. Have the Greek and Latin Fathers reprobated the principle of individual examination of Scripture as a rule of faith?

"2. Have the Greek and Latin Fathers acknowledged the Church to be the sole authoritative expounder of Scripture ?"