The green young forest of saplings clustered round
Was heeding not one word.

18 He left on whom he taught the trace

Of kinship with the deathless dead,

And faith in all the Island Race.

19 Robert Lowell and Whittier have both sung that story, with its honorable mention of the Highland girl whose keen ear caught the sound of the Highland pipes before anyone else in that despairing garrison could hear them.

20 There drew he forth the brand Excalibur,

And o'er him, drawing it, the winter moon,
Brightening the skirts of a long cloud, ran forth
And sparkled keen with frost against the hilt.

99. Adjective Clauses are connected with the Principal Propositions of complex sentences by (1) Relative Pronouns (85), or (2) by Conjunctive Adverbs (105).

Note: The Conjunctive Adverbs used to connect Adjective Clauses are when, where, wherein, whereon, why, and whence. These adverbs also modify the verb of the Subordinate Clause.

Exercise 73. Find the adjective clauses in Exercise 59 and tell what word each modifies.

Exercise 74. In the following sentences, find the adjective clauses connected with the principal propositions by conjunctive adverbs and tell what noun each modifies:

1 He hath returned to regions whence he came. 2 The waves were white, and red the morn,

In the noisy hour when I was born.

3 We leave the well-beloved place Where first we gazed upon the sky.

4 There the historian of the Roman Empire thought of the days when Cicero pleaded the cause of Sicily against Verres.

5 In Bruges town is many a street

Whence busy life hath fled.

6 The time had already come when Chesterfield had to be taken into the administration again.

7 Below the surface of the sky

The dark vault lies wherein we lay.
8 And we are here as on a darkling plain

Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,
Where ignorant armies clash by night.

9 In the place where the tree falleth, there it shall be. 10 There are five reasons why men drink.

11 'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house,

Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse.

12 Night is the time to weep,

To wet with unseen tears

Those graves of memory, where sleep
The joys of other years.

13 It was the time when lilies blow,
And clouds are highest up in air.
14 And statesmen at her council met

Who knew the seasons when to take
Occasion by the hand.

15 This fellow hath broken from some Abbey, where, God wot, he had not beef and brewis enow.

16 The time was now come when such men as Robespierre were to be tried with fire.

17 They have all fled back into the impenetrable shade whence they came.

18

I have some sport in hand

Wherein your cunning can assist me.

19 Infected be the air whereon they ride!

20 Then came that supreme hour of the struggle, whose tale has been so often told, when Robespierre turned from

his old allies of the Mountain, and succeeded in shrieking out an appeal to the probity and virtue of the Right and the Plain.

100. Complex Sentences containing Adjective Clauses connected by Relative Pronouns are analyzed as follows:

EXAMPLE:-Nothing is here that means you ill.

Exercise 75. Analyze in accordance with the model given above the complex sentences in Exercises 59 and 61.

101. Complex Sentences containing Adjective Clauses connected by Conjunctive Adverbs are analyzed as follows:

EXAMPLE:-I know a bank where the wild thyme blows.

Exercise 76. Analyze in accordance with the model

given above the sentences in Exercise 74.

CHAPTER VII

THE ADVERB

102. An Adverb is a word used to modify a Verb, an Adjective, or another Adverb. Adverbs are classified according to Use as (1) Simple, (2) Interrogative, and (3) Conjunctive. According to Meaning, they are classified as Adverbs of (1) Time, (2) Place, (3) Manner, (4) Degree, (5) Cause, (6) Assertion.

Note 1: Simple Adverbs merely modify some word in the sentence. Interrogative (103) and Conjunctive Adverbs act as modifiers, but have other uses as well (105).

Note 2: The Introductory Adverb there is often used to begin a sentence in which the subject stands after the predicate: as, "There was a sound of revelry by night." Note 3: The is sometimes used as an Adverb before comparatives: as, "The more I give to thee, the more I have."

Note 4: Adverbs sometimes modify Prepositional Phrases as a whole: as, 66 He came long before the time." Note 5: Many expressions composed of two or more words may be regarded as Phrasal Adverbs: at once, now and then, face to face, one by one, etc.

Note 6: Adverbs are compared in the same manner as Adjectives. Ill, well, much, little, near, far, and late are irregularly compared like the corresponding Adjectives (95).

Exercise 77. In the following sentences find the simple adverbs and classify them according to meaning: