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Der Kleine Deutsche. Pp. 184. By R. KRON. Leipzig: J. Bielefelds Verlag, 1929

Leuvensche Bijdragen; Tijdschrift voor Moderne Philologie 20. 67-147, Bijblad 1-58 (1928).

Lexikon altillyrischer Personennamen. Pp. viii + 174. By HANS KRAHE. Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1929. Le Maître Phonétique Jan.-Mar., 1929.

Man; a monthly record of Anthropological Science 29. 1-60 (1929). The Modern Languages Forum 14. 1 (1929).

Modern Philology 26. 257-384 (1929).

Muttersprache und Geistesbildung. Pp. 170. By E. WEISGERBER. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1929.

Philological Quarterly 8. 1-96 (1929).

Philologus; Zeitschrift für das klassische Altertum und sein Nachleben 84. 121-272 (1928).

Phonophotography in Folk Music; American Negro Songs in new Notation. Pp. x + 181. By MILTON METFESSEL. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1928.

Das Plusquamperfektum im Veda. Pp. 62. By PAUL THIEME. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1929.

Revue des Langues Romanes 64. 1-232 (1926).
Revue Hispanique 74. 1-674 (1928).

Ricerche Religiose 5. 1-96 (1929).

Slavia; Časopis pro slovanskou filologii 7. 449-720 (1928).

Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 81. 7(1929). Recent archeological Developments in the Vicinity of El Paso, Texas. Pp. 14. By FRANK H. H. ROBERTS, JR.

S. P. E. Tract No. 31. Needed Words. By LOGAN PEARSALL SMITH. Words wanted in connexion with Arts. By ROGER FRY. Jeremy Bentham and Word-creation. By GRAHAM WALLAS. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1928.

Zeitschrift für Eingeborenen-Sprachen 19. 81-160 (1929).

Zeitschrift für Semitistik und verwandte Gebiete 6. 213-320 (1928).

LINGUISTIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Founded 1924

OFFICERS FOR 1929

President, PROFESSOR CHARLES H. GRANDGENT, Harvard University.

Vice-President, PROFESSOR W. A. OLDFATHER, University of Illinois.

Secretary and Treasurer, PROFESSOR ROLAND G. KENT, University of Pennsylvania. Executive Committee, the preceding, and

PROFESSOR LEONARD BLOOMFIELD, University of Chicago.

PROFESSOR Franklin EdgerTON, Yale University.

PROFESSOR EDWARD PROKOSCH, Yale University.

Committee on Publications:

Chairman and Editor: PROFESSOR GEORGE MELVILLE BOLLING, Ohio State University.

To serve through 1929: PROFESSOR SAMUEL MOORE, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

To serve through 1930: PROFESSOR HANS KURATH, Ohio State University. To serve through 1931: PROFESSOR EDWARD SAPIR, University of Chicago.

The Linguistic Society of America was founded in December, 1924, for the advancement of the scientific study of language. The Society plans to promote this aim by bringing students of language together in its meetings, and by publishing the fruits of research. It has established a quarterly journal, a series of language monographs, and a series of language dissertations; the last two will appear at irregular intervals, according to the material offered to the Committee on Publications and the funds available for the purpose. Members will receive all in return for the annual dues of Five Dollars.

Membership in the Society is not restricted to professed scholars in linguistics. All persons, whether men or women, who are in sympathy with the objects of the Society, are invited to give it their assistance in furthering its work. Application for membership should be made to the Secretary, Professor Roland G. Kent, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.

Entered as Second Class Matter at the Postoffice at Baltimore, Maryland. This Journal is published quarterly by the Linguistic Society of America. Members of the Society receive it without extra charge, three dollars of the annual dues being appropriated for this purpose; to others, its price is five dollars per annum. Subscriptions and other business communications should be addressed to Language, or to Roland G. Kent, Treasurer, L. S. A., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Manuscripts for publication should be sent to George Melville Bolling, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

PLACE WHITHER IN HITTITE AND THE USE OF PROPER

NOUNS IN THE STEM FORM

E. H. STURTEVANT

YALE UNIVERSITY

[Hittite nouns in -a that denote the end of motion are not locatives but sentence doublets. They come partly from accusatives in -an, and in part parallel the dative-locatives in -i, which (cf. Engl. where, here, there) had come to express the end of motion. The dative-locatives in -i and those in a both continue PIE cases that ended in an i-diphthong. The forms were originally conditioned by the initial sound of the following word. Subsequently the analogic extension of the -a form was favored in expressions of the end of motion by the fact that this was the only function common to the accusative and the dative-locative.

The construction is particularly frequent in proper names; and as the form resembles Babylonian proper names, the result has been the constant appearance of Hittite proper nouns in Accadian texts under what seems to be the form of their stem.]

Forrer1 has recently called attention to the use of Hittite noun forms ending in a to denote the end of motion. The usage is especially common in the earliest texts, such as the Anittaš text,2 where we read URU Neša 'to Nešaš' (four times), URU Zalbuwa 'to Zalbuwaš', URU Šalatiwara 'to Šalatiwaraš', aruna 'to the sea', tunnakišna ‘to ?'; but there are numerous instances in the texts of all periods, particularly in certain words, including lahha 'to battle', šenahha 'into line of battle' (?), parna 'foras', tapuša 'to one side', aška 'to the gate' (?), and the local adverbs anda 'to, into', arha 'away', appa 'back', ištarna ‘among', katta 'with, down', para 'forth', šara 'up'. Forrer's other examples from common nouns had better be disregarded until we know more about them. To his list must be added tuliya 'to council' (see Sommer loc. cit.), and šuhha 'to the roof'.3

1Altorientalische Studien Bruno Meissner zum Sechzigsten Geburtstag Gewidmet, 1. 30-35 (1928). Forrer should have referred to Sommer, Boghazköi-Studien 7. 142, 10. 67, and Tenner, Ein Hethitischer Annalentext des Königs Muršiliš II, 19, both of whom had mentioned some of these forms.

"Boghazkōi-Texte in Umschrift 2. 7. 30 = Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi 3. 22. 'See Götze, Kleinasiatische Forschungen 1.99..

Forrer distinguishes these forms sharply from the accusative and from the dative in i, the two cases which elsewhere in Hittite documents denote the end of motion. He calls the forms in a 'locatives', and signalizes his discovery of a seventh case in Hittite with these words (p. 35):

Durch die Feststellung des Lokativs auf a als siebenten Kasus des Alt-Kanisischen (Kanisisch is Forrer's name for what others call Hittite) ist ein wichtiger Schritt zur Verbesserung der Vergleichung mit den indogermanischen Sprachen getan. Denn wenn wir vom Vokativ absehen, der im Kanisischen gleich dem Nominativ ist, bietet das Alt-Kanisische die sieben Kasus, die für das Urindogermanische erschlossen, aber in keiner indogermanischen Sprache vollzählig erhalten sind.

It is hard to say whether Indo-Europeanists will be more surprised to learn that no IE language preserves all seven of the original cases, or that the discovery of a 'locative' denoting the end of motion squares the Hittite case system with that of primitive IE. So far from improving our comparison of Hittite with IE, the assumption of a distinct case with ending a and denoting the end of motion would effectually separate Hittite from IE as far as the case system is concerned. For nothing could be clearer or simpler than the local uses of the cases in the IE parent speech; the accusative denoted the place to which (Latin domum), the locative the place where (Lat. domi), and the ablative the place whence (Lat. domo). Forrer's discovery must be explained away if we are going to maintain the identity of these two case systems.

The forms in a are in large part accusatives. I have shown that there is a variation between forms with and without final n in the accusative adverbs katta (n), appa(n), anta(n), and in the nom.-acc. singular of neuter vowel stems. To the examples of neuters in an there cited may be added pedan 'place'; the phrase uttar liliwan 'urgent matter' in Keilschrift-Urkunden aus Boghazköi 12. 65. 7; and from the great Hattušiliš text: KÚR Ippaššanama dannattan ešta, 'the country of Ippaššanaš, however, was devastated', and nat EGIR-pa URU Hattušan iyanun, ‘and I made it Hittite again'. Neuter nominatives and accusatives in a, i, and u have been recognized ever since Hrozný's Die Sprache der Hethiter 6, 7, 19, 20, 21, 41-7. Masculine-feminine nouns less frequently lack n when functioning as direct object, but it is possible to cite several clear instances.

American Journal of Philology 48. 249 f. (1927). 'See Ehelolf, KF 1. 146, (1927).

"Götze, Hattušiliš pp. 14. 12, 20. 68.

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