SUMMARY OF THE SCHEME. 279 we must have also continual supplies; for if these were neglected, we have no hope of success in the field. We must, therefore, have 18th.-Teachers, not of the character of goorumahasyas, ayah pundits, or moulvies, or even our present Anglo-Indian teachers, so deficient as to walk down a mile and a half about an English letter, as before stated; but regular pedagogues, well-grounded in the three sciences, the use of the mouth, the hand, and the brain; supplied, not from the last forms of colleges, but from the best of our students. When Government give a gratuitous education at the college, the best student must be compelled to serve an apprenticeship of master ship for about two years in return. 19th. We must have paper. There is a fair opening for private enterprise in the establishment of paper manufactories in the different parts of India, instead of any one of these, from want of paper-mills within it, requiring to send to any other, situate at a great distance, for that article. Anything that cheapens paper assists the cause of enlightenment and progress. 20th. It is gratifying to note that our vernacular papers are slowly and steadily progress ing; but even now it will be hard to point to any very great intelligence or sound education from among the ranks of our vernacular writers. Their writings, now so respectably different from what they once were, still lack that good sense, originality, and liberalism, which a sound liberal education infuses. There are yet some among them who are beneath contempt; but the majority, though tinged with party spirit, are a respectable class of men. They have unfortunately no great support, and hence they pay little attention, and show little zeal in their labours. Government ought to patronise some of them. A certain number of copies taken by the Government would assist the more enlightened editors, without destroying their independence; and these, again, distributed to public institutions in all the Presidencies, would do somewhat to connect the detached portions of the empire together. It is a shame that as yet Government or the people have thought nothing of encyclopædias in the different vernaculars. They are, as the dictionary, the urgent need of a people, and it is not a little to be regretted that as yet no attempt has not only not been made, but is not even to be made in the present day. Encyclopædias should be SUMMARY OF THE SCHEME. 281 edited in all the vernaculars, and tracts and pamphlets of a moral and instructive nature should be struck off by thousands, every month, and sold in all the towns, at so low a price as to come within the means of the poorest; besides which, many should be distributed gratuitously through the assistance of a committee such as we have suggested. These, and many others which may very easily be evolved out of these, are more necessary and important than railways, and electric telegraphs, and contract laws, for the Government to consider. The Government of India think nothing of voting a lakh for a coffee or tea-garden, or a munificent donation to a profligate Rajah; they brighten up at the idea of an improved method of cultivating cotton, and come down liberally with cash for a new road or railway: but would it not be wiser-setting aside the benevolence and the duty to plant schools, and endow seminaries, where morality and science are taught; to dispel the maze of popular superstition, and bring down a flood of light and increase on the Indian mind, as well as on the land where it now festers? 282 CHAPTER X. REGENERATION OF INDIA-ANOTHER MEANS. THE two classes of writers on India.-Two dangers to India.— The difficulties of making a successful stand in the Punjab against the Russians stated.-Confidence and a feeling of Patriotism more requisite on the defensive line of operations, than strength and discipline.-Warlike tribes of Upper India, and their ambition.-The only measure to avert the danger is Colonisation.-Colonisation of two sorts.-That which we ask for India different from all colonisations to America and Australia, and beneficial to India only. The presence of the English Settlers also beneficial, in checking all abuse of official power in the interior.-English settlement will enhance our crops and resources.—Art wholly wanting in the Native Peasant.-Anglo-Saxon zeal for improvement.-The Anglo-Indian Government worse than the Roman and Mahomedan, in their zeal for public works of utility.-Difference between Calcutta and Delhi or Agra.-All extensive conquests preserved by Colonisation.-English settlement peculiarly beneficial to Young India.-Rights will then be more liberally granted. A question to Young India.—England's mission in India threefold. THERE have been written volumes upon the condition of India; but nothing whatever has been practically attempted for the removal of those causes which fallow the rich resources WRITERS ON INDIA. 283 of the soil or paralyse the spirit of the people. In the long and extravagant controversy, one set of writers is proscribed for viewing and analysing with European prejudices, whilst the other is condemned as having Asiatic apathy, for deeming the wretchedness of the condition. of India as inevitable, and therefore indifferent to England; and while we are taken up with deciding upon the comparative merits of opposite advocacies, time passes away, and India is left to her own fate, uncared for and neglected. The English nation is proverbially too intrepid of danger; and this intrepidity, if it has escaped in Europe on more than one occasion its merited penalty, in India at no distant date will the supinely-disposed nation have to pay for it dearly. Two powers have long entered into a treacherous conspiracy, each to retrieve a political dishonour that has pinned it to a national inferiority; and both, despairing of striking for honour on European soil, have chosen India as the field for their redeeming glory. To this thirst of vengeance, if we add the stimulus of political avarice, which both are too weak to resist, as well as the facility afforded by the want of organisation of every sort for a successful stand against their object, |