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Conjugation of the regular passive verb, be loved.

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2 Be thou loved, or do thou be 2 Be ye or you loved, or do ye

loved

be loved

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EXPLANATION OF PARTICIPLES.

A participle is a word derived from a verb, participating, or sharing the properties of a verb and adjective. It has the peculiar properties of describing like an adjective, and denoting action like a verb; as, 'I found James catching fish.'

The participle is generally formed by adding ing, d, or ed, to the verb; as, Rule, ruling, ruled; love, loving, loved.'

Verbs have three participles; Present or Imperfect; as, loving, Perfect, loved, Compound Perfect, having loved.

The imperfect participle is always formed by adding ing to the verb, and implies a continuance or succession of the action, being, or passion. It is applicable to present, past, or future time; as, I am writing, I had or have been writing, I shall be writing.' It is not always active even when derived from an active verb; as, The ships are now building ;' The goods are selling.' The distinguishing mark of this participle is, that it denotes an unfinished and progressive state of being, action, or passion. It is, therefore, properly termed the imperfect participle.

The perfect participle represents the action, being, or passion, as completely finished, and generally ends in d, e, n, or t; as, 'Loved, done, risen, sent.' It has a

passive meaning, except when used in forming the compound tenses of the active verb. Hence, the difference between the phrases, I have written a letter,' and, 'I have a letter written.'

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The compound perfect participle is formed by prefixing having or being to the perfect participle; as, Having loved; being loved.

Participles which are derived from active verbs, will govern the objective case, the same as the verbs from which they are derived; as, 'They found him transgressing the laws.'

Participles govern nouns and pronouns in the objective case; as, 'Teaching them.” Teaching us that denying ungodliness.'

As neuter verbs occasionally govern either the nominative or objective case, after them, so participles derived from neuter verbs do the same; as, • Who move

majestically the queen of heaven.' Who moving majestically the queen of heaven.' Queen is a noun in the nominative case, and is governed by the neuter verb,

move.

When a preposition is prefixed to a participle, the latter governs the following noun in the objective case; as, 'In doing this, thou shalt save thyself.' By loving virtue, vice may be shunned.' Here doing and loving are participles, preceded by the prepositions in and by.

When the imperfect participle has the definite article the, before it, the preposition of ought always to follow: in this case, the participle will become a noun.

The article the before a participial noun, and the preposition of after one, should either both be used, or omitted; as, 'You will oblige me by the sending of them; or, You will oblige me by sending them.' In the latter form, the participle retains its original signifi

cation.

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When the participle is not connected with a noun in the possessive case, or with a pronoun possessive, it is not to be considered a participial noun; as, Who ever heard of a miser despising riches?' A woman hating flattery, is a prodigy in nature.' Here despising and hating, are participles, that agree with their nouns miser and woman in the nominative case.

A participle joined to an adverb, is independent; as, 'Mr. Bradford's History of Massachusetts, is, generally speaking, very well written.' Here, the participle speaking, connected with the adverb generally, is entirely independent of the sentence, in which it is used. A participle in this position, has no government of case, or agreement with any noun. Therefore, it may be called an independent participle.

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Participles connected with independent nouns, have an agreement with the nouns; as, The sun dispersing the clouds, it began to grow warm.' Participles in this connexion, frequently govern an objective case after them.

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