Present. Work, Wring, Write,

Imperfect.
wrought,
wrung,
wrote,

Perfect Participle.
wrought, worked.
wrung.
written.

We

DEFECTIVE VERBS, Are such as can be conjugated, or varied, only in some particular modes and tenses. Am, was, been, can, must, could, shall, should, may, might, will, would, ought, quoth, &c. are defective verbs. We can say, "I learn, I learned, I have learned, I had learned, I shall or will learn, I may, can, or must learn.' But, shall is a defective verb. can say, I shall, but we cannot say, I have shall, I had shall, I shall or will shall, I may, can, or must shall. By this rule, we can always distinguish a defective verb. Present. Imperfecto

Perfoct Participle. Can, coula,

(wanting.) May,

might, Shall

should, Will,

would,
Must,
Ought,

ought,
quoth,

AUXILIARY, OR HELPING VERBS, Are those wbich help to conjugate other verbs. They are, do, be, have, has, shall, will, may and can, with their variations; and let and must, which have no variations.

The auxiliary and principal verb must be parsed together, although they may be separated by intervening words; as, 'We should immediately and without reserve, confess our faults.' Should, in this sentence, is the auxiliary, and confess is the principal verb; therefore, should and confess are taken together, and parsed as one word. Verbs and other parts of speech cannot be parsed together; therefore, we cannot parse should immediately confess in union with each other, because, immediately is an adverb.

The verb, whose tense the auxiliary shows, is the principal verb; as, James will ride. 'John has written.'

will,

can.

can.

can. can. can.

The auxiliary verbs are signs of the potential mode. The auxiliary verbs are thus varied:

Present Tense. 1, do, am, have, shall,

may,
Thou, dost, art, hast, shalt, wilt, magst, canst.
He, does, is, has, shall, will, may,
We, do, are, have, shall, will, may,
Ye, do,

are,
have, shall, will,

may, They, do,

have,

will, may,

Imperfect Tense. I, did, was,

had, should, would, might, could. Thou, didst, wast, hadst, shouldst, wouldst, mighst, couldst. He, did, wast, had, should, would, might, could. We, did, were,

had, should, would, might, could. Ye, did, were,

had, should, would, might, could. They, did, were, had,

should,

would, might, could.

Participles.
Pres. doing, being, having ; Perf. done, been, had.

are,

shall,

CONJUGATION OF VERBS.

The conjugation of a verb, is its variation through all its moods, tenses, numbers and persons.

The conjugation of an active verb is styled the active voice; and that of a passive verb, the passive voice.

Conjugation of the irregular active verb have.

TO HAVE.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Present Tense.
Singular.

Plural. 1 Pers. I have

1 We have
2 Pers. Thou hast, or you have* 2 Ye or you have
3 Pers. He, she,or it, hath or has 3 They have

Imperfect Tense.
Singular.

Perfect Tense
Singular.

Plural. 1 I have had

1 We have had 2 Thou hast had

2 Ye or you have had 3 He has had

3 They have had

Pluperfect Tense.
Singular.

Plural. 1 I had had

1 We had had 2 Thou hadst had

2 Ye or you had had 3 He had had

3 They had had First Future Tense. Singular.

Plural. 1 I shall or will have

1 We shall or will have 2 Thou shalt or wilt have

2 Yc or you shall or will have 3 He shall or will have

3 They shall or will have
Second Future Tense.
Singular.

Plural.
I I shall have had

1 We shall have had, 2 Thou wilt have had

2 Ye or you will have had 3 He will have had

3. They will have had

When a question is asked, which occurs only in the indicative and potential moods, the pronoun or substantive is placed after the verb, or its first auxiliary ; as,, Singlilar.

Plural.
Have I ?
Hast thou ?

Have ye?
Has he?

Have they?
In like manner, we say, • Have I had ?'. Shall I have had ?' May
I have ? • Do Í love ??? Am I loved ? &c.

Have we

IMPERATIVE MOODI
Singular.

Plural.
1
wanting,

1

wanting. 2 Have thou, or do thou have : 2 Have ye, or do ye or you have 3 wanting.

Plural...

Imperfect Tense.
Singular.

Plural. 1 I might, could, would, or should i We might, could, would, or have

should have 2 Thou mightst, couldst, wouldst, 2 Ye or you might, could, or shouldst have

would, or should have 3 He might, could, would on, 3 They might, could, would, or should have

should have

Perfect Tense. Singular. 1 I may, can, or must have had

1 We may, can or must have had 2 Thou mayst, canst or must have 2 Ye or you may, can or must had

have had 3 He may, can or must have 3 They may, can, or must have had

had

Pluperfect Tense.
Singular.

Plaral. i I might, could, would or should 1 We might, could, would or have had

should have had 2 Tbou mightst, couldst, wouldst 2 Ye or you might, could, would or shouldst have had

or should have had 3 He might, could, would 3 They might, could, would or should have had

or

First Future Tense.
Singular.

Plural. 1 If I shall or will have

: 1 If we shall or will have 2 If thou shalt or wilt have 2 If ye or you shall or will

have 3 If he shall or will have

3 If they shall or will have

Second Future Tense.
Singular.

Plural. 1 I shall have had

1 If we shall have had 2 If thou shalt have had

2 If ye or you shall have had 3 If he shall have had

3 If they shall have had.

INFINITIVE MOOD.
Present, To have

Perfect, To have had.
Participles.
Present or Active. Having.
Perfect or Passive. Had.
Compound Perfect. Having had.

Conjugation of the irregular neuter verb, be.

TO BE,

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Present Tense.
Singular.

Plural. 1 I am

1 We are 2 Thou art

2 Ye or you are 3 He, sbe, or it, is

2 They are

Imperfect Tense.
Singular.

Plural. 1 I was

1 We were 2 Thou wast

2 Ye or you were 3 He was

3 They were

Perfect Tense.
Singular.

Plural. 1 I have been

1 We have been 2 Thou hast been

2 Ye or you have been 3 He hath or has been

3 They have been.

Pluperfect Tense.
Singular.