Obf. 1. Ego wants the vocative, because one cannot call upon himself, except as a fecond perfon: thus we cannot fay, O ego, O I; O nos, O we.

Obf. 2. Mibi in the dative is sometimes by the poets contracted into me.

Obf. 3. The genitive plural of ego was anciently nofirorum and noftrarum; of tu, veftrorum and veftrarum, which were afterwards contracted into noftrum and veftrum.

We commonly use noftrum and veftrum after partitives, numerals, comparatives, or fuperlatives; and noftri and veftri after other words.

The English fubftantive pronouns, he, he, it, are expressed in Latin by these pronominal adjectives, ille, ifte, bic, or is; as,

Ille, for the masc. illa, for the fem. illud, for the neut. that or, ille, he; illa, fhe; illud, it, or that; thus,

Ipfe, he himself, ipfa, fhe herself, ipfum, itself; and ifle, ifta, iftud, that, are declined like ille; only ipfe has ipfum in the nom. acc. and voc. fing. neut.

Ipfe is often joined to ego, tu, fui; and has in Latin the fame force with felf in English, when joined with a poffeffive pronoun; as, ego ipfe, I myself.

Quis, quae, quod, or quid? which, what? Or Quis? who or what man ? que? who? or what woman? quod or quid?' what? or what thing? thus,

N. quis, quæ, quod or quid,N. qui, quæ,

quæ,

G. quorum,quarum,quorum,
D. queis or quibus, &c.

A. quem,quam,quodorquid, A. quos, quas, quæ,

G. cujus,cujus, cujus,

D. cui, cui, cui,

A. quo, qua, quo.

A. queis, or quibus, &c.

Qui, qua, quod, who, which, that; Or vir qui, the man who or that; fœmina qua, the woman who or that; negotium quod, the thing which or that: genit. vir cujus, the man whofe or of whom; mulier cujus, the woman whofe, or of whom; negotium cujus, the thing of which, feldom whofe, &c. thus,

The other pronouns are derivatives, coming from ego, tu, and Jui. Meus, my or mine; tuus, thy or thine; fuus, his own, her own, its own, their own, are declined like bonus, -a, -um; and nofter, our; vefter, your, like pulcher, -chra, -chrum, of the first and second declenfion.

Noftras, of our country; veftras, of your country; cujas, of what or which country, are declined like felix, of the third declenfion: gen. noftratis, dat, noftrati, &c.

Pronouns as well as nouns, that fignify things, which cannot be addressed, or called upon, want the vocative. Meus hath mi, and fometimes meus, in the voc. fing. mafc.

The relative qui has frequently qui in the ablative, and that, which is remarkable, in all genders and numbers.

Qui is fometimes ufed for quis: and instead of cujus the genit. of quis we find an adjective pronoun cujus, -a, -um.

Simple pronouns, with respect to their fignification, are divided into the following claffes:

1. Demonftratives, which point out any perfon or thing present, or, as if prefent: Ego, tu, bic, ifte, and fometimes ille, is, ipfe.

2. Relatives, which refer to fomething going before: ille, ipfe, ifte, bic, is, qui

3. Poffeffives, which fignify poffeffion: meus, tuus, fuus, nofter, vefter. 4. Patrials or Gentiles, which fignify one's country: noftras, veftras, cujas.

5. Interrogatives, by which we ask a question: quis? cujas? When they do not ask a question, they are called Indefinites, like other words of the fame nature.

6. Reciprocals, which again call back or represent the same object to the mind: fui, and fuus.

COMPOUND PRONOUNS.

Pronouns are compounded variously:

1. With other pronouns; as, ifthic, ifthæc, ifthec, iftbuc, or ifuc. Acc. Ifthunc, ifthanc, ifihoc, or ifthuc. Abl. Ifthoc, iftbac, ifthoc. Nom. and acc. plur. neut. ifthæc, of ifte and bic. So illic, of ille and bic.

2. With fome other parts of speech; as, hujufmodi, cujufmodi, &c. mecum, tecum, fecum, nobifcum, vobifcum, quocum or quicum and quibufcum : eccum, eccam; eccos, eccas, and fometimes ecca, in the nom. fing. of ecce and is. So ellum, of ecce and ille.

3. With some syllable added: as, tute, of tu and te, used only in the nom. egomet, tutemet, fuimet, through all the cafes, thus, meimet, tuimet, &c. of ego, tu, sui, and met. Inftead of tumet in the nom. we, fay, tutemet: biccine, hæccine, &c. in all the cafes that end in e; of bic and cine: Meapte, tuapte, fuapte, noftrapte, veftrapte, in the ablat. fem. and fometimes meopte, tuopte, &c. of meus, &c. and pte: bicce, bacce, bocce; bujufce, bice, "hifce, bosce; of bic and ce: whence bujufcemodi, ejufcemodi, cujufcemodi. So IDEM, the fame, compounded of is and dem, which is thus declined:

Sing.
N. idem, eǎdem, ĭdem,
G. ejufdem, ejusdem, ejusdem,
D. eidem, eidem, eidem,
A. eundem, candem, idem,
V. idem, eadem, idem.
A. eodem, eâdem, eōdem.

G. eorundem, earundem,eorundem,
D. eifdem or iifdem, &c.
A. eofdem, eafdem, eadem,
V. iidem, eædem, cadem,
A. eifdem or iifdem, &c.

The pronouns which we find moft frequently compounded, are quis and qui.

Quis in compofition is fometimes the first, sometimes the last, and fometimes likewife the middle part of the word compounded: but qui is always the first.

1. The compounds of quis, in which it is put first, are, quifnam, who? quifpiam, quifquam, any one; quifque, every one; quifquis, whofoever; which are thus declined:

Nom.

Quifnam, quænam, quodnam or quidnam;
Quifpiam, quæpiam, quodpiam or quidpiam;
Quifquam, quæquam, quodquamor quidquam;
Quifque, quæque, quodque or quidque;
Quifquis,
quidquid or quicquid;
F

And fo in other cafes, according to the umple quis. But quifquis has not the feminine at all, and the neuter only in the nominative and accufative. Quifquam has alfo quicquam, for quidquam. Accufative, quenquam, without the feminine. The plural is scarcely

used.

2. The compounds of quis, in which quis is put laft, have qua in the nominative fing. fem. and in the nominative and accufative plur. neut. as, aliquis, some; ecquis, who? of ec and quis; also nequis, fiquis, numquis, which for the most part are read separately, thus, ne quis ; fi quis, num quis. They are thus declined;

3. The compounds which have quis in the middle, are ecquifnam, who? unufquifque, gen. uniufcujufque, every one. The former is used

only in the nom. fing. and the fatter wants the plural.

4. The compounds of qui are quicunque, whofoever; quidam, some; quilibet, quivis, any one, whom you pleafe; which are thus declined:

Quicunque,quæcunque, quodcunque, cujufcunque,cuicunque, Quidam, quædam, quoddam or quiddam, cujufdam, cuidam, Quilibet, quælibet, quodlibet or quidlibet, cujuflibet, cuilibet, Quivis, quævis, quodvis or quidvis, cujufvis, cuivis. Obf. 1. All these compounds have seldom or never queis, but quibus, in their dat. and abl plur.; thus, aliquibus, &c.

Obf. 2. Quis, and its compounds in comic writers, have sometimes quis in the feminine gender.

Obf. 3. Quidam hath quendam, quandam, quoddam, or quiddam, in the acc. fing. and quorundam, quarundam, quorundam, in the gen. plur. » being put instead of m, for the better found.

Obf. 4. Quod, with its compounds, aliquod, quodvis, quoddam, &c. are used when they agree with a substantive in the fame cafe ; quid, with its compounds, aliquid, quidvis, &c. for the moft part have either no fubftantive expreffed, or govern one in the genitive. For this reason they are by fome reckoned substantives.

VERB.

A verb is a word which expresses what is affirmed of things; as, The boy reads. The fun fines. The man loves.

Or, A verb is that part of Speech which fignifies to be, to do, or to fuffer.