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dipus, the name of a man, has Edipodis: fometimes it is of the fecond declenfion, and has dipi. The compounds of pus, have dis as, tripûs; mafc. a tripod, tripodis; but lagopus, -odis, a kind of bird, or the herb hares-foot, is fem. Names of cities have untis; as, Trapezus, Trapezuntis; Opus, Opuntis.

rs.

12. Nouns in ys are all derived from the Greek, and are for the most part feminine. In the genitive, they have fometimes yis, or yos; as hæc chelys, chelyis, or -yos, a harp; Capys, Capyis, or yes, the name of a man: fometimes they have dis, or dos, as, hæc chlamys, chlamydis, or chlamydos, a foldier's cloak; and sometimes ÿnis, or ÿnos; as Trachys, Trachýnis, or Trachýnos, the name of a town.

ÆS, AUS, EUS.

13. The nouns ending in as and aus are,

Es, æris, n. brass or money.
Fraus, fraudis, f. fraud.

Laus, laudis, f. praife.

Præs, prædis, m. or f. a furety. Subftantives ending in the fyllable eus are all proper names, and have the genitive in eos; as, Orpheus, Orpheos; Tereus, Tereos. But thefe nouns are also found in the fecond declenfion, where cus is divided into two fyllables; thus, Orphëus, genit. Orphëï, or sometimes contracted Orphei, and that into Orphî.

S with a confonant before it.

14. Nouns ending in s with a confonant before it, are feminine; and form the genitive by changing the s into is or tis; as,

trabs, trăbis, a beam; fcobs, fcobis, faw-duft; hiems, hiemis, winter ; gens, gentis, a nation; fiips, fipis, alms; pars, partis, a part; fors, fortis, a lot; mors, -tis, death.

The following nouns are masculine :

Exc. 1. Chalys, -ÿbis, feel. Dens, -tis, a tooth.

Fons, -tis, a well.

Gryps, gryphis, a griffon.
Hydrops, -opis, the dropfy.

Exc. 2. The following
Adeps, adipis, fatness.
Rudens, -tis, a cable.
Scrobs, fcrobis, a ditch.

Merops, -Ŏpis, a wood-pecker.
Mons, -tis, a mountain.

Pons, -tis, a bridge.

Seps, sepis, a kind of ferpent; but,
Seps, fepis, a hedge, is fem.

are either mafc. or feminine

Serpens, -tis, a ferpent.

Stirps, ftirpis, the root of a tree.
Stirps, an offspring, always fem.

Animans, a living creature, is found in all the genders, but most frequently in the feminine or neuter.

Exc. 3. Polyfyllables in eps change e into i; as, hæè forceps, forcipis, a pair of tongs; princeps, -ifis, a prince, or princess; particeps, -cipis, a partaker; fo likewife calebs, calibis, an unmarried man or woman. The compounds of caput have cipitis; as, præceps, præcipitis, headlong; aneeps, ancipitis, doubtful; biceps, -cipitis, two-headed. Auceps, a fowler, has aucupis.

Exc. 4. The following feminines have dis

Frons, frondis, the leaf of a tree.
Glans, glandis, an acorn.

Juglans, -dis, a walnut.

Lens, lendis, a nit.

So, libripens, libripendis, a weigher; nefrens, -dis, a grice or pig; and the compounds of sor: as, concors, concordis, agreeing; difcors, difagreeing; vecors, mad, &c. But frons, the forehead, has frontis, fem. and lens, a kind of pulse, lentis, also fem.

Exc. 5. lens, going; and quiens, being able, participles from the verbs eo and queo, with their compounds, have euntis: thus, iens, euntis ; quiens, queuntis; rediens, redeuntis; nequiens, nequiuntis: but ambiens, going round, has ambientis.

Exc. 6. Tiryns, a city in Greece, the birth-place of Hercules, has Tirynthis.

T.

15. There is only one noun in t, namely, caput, capitis, the head, neuter. In like manner, its compounds, finciput, fincipitis, the forehead; and occiput, -itis, the hind-head.

X.

16. Nouns in x are feminine, and in the genitive change x into cis; as,

Vox, vācis, the voice; lux, lūcis, light. —

Exc. 1. Polyfyllables in ax and ex are masculine; as, thorax, -ācis, a breast-plate; Corax, acis, a raven. Ex in the genitive is changed into icis ; as, pollux, -icis, the thumb.

Vervex, a wedder fheep, has vervēcis; fanifex, a mower of hay, fanisicis: Refex, m. -ĕcis, a vine branch cut off,

To thefe mafculines add,

Calix, -icis, a cup.
Calyx, -ycis, the bud of a flower.
Coccyx, -ygis, vel. ÿcis, a cuckow.
Fornix, -icis, a vault.

Oryx, -ycis, a wild-goat.

Phoenix, -icis, a bird fo called. Tradux, -ŭcis, a graff, or off-set of a vine; alfo fem.

But the following polyfyllables in ax and ex are femi

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Exc. 3. The following nouns depart from the general rule in forming the genitive:

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Exc. 4. Greek nouns in x, both with respect to gender and declenfion, are as various as Latin nouns: thus, bombyx, bombycis, a filk worm, mafc. but when it fignifies filk, or the yarn fpon by the worm, it is feminine; onyx, mafc. o fem. onychis, a precious ftone; and to fardonyx; larynx, laryngis, fem the top of the wind-pipe; Phryx, Phrygis, a Phrygian; Sphinx, -ngis, a fabulous hag; ftrix, igis, fa fcreechowl; Styx, gis, f. a river in hell; Hylax, -Ais, the name of a dog; Bibrax, Bibradis, the name of a town, &c.

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DATIVE SINGULAR.

The Dative fingular anciently ended alfo in e; as, Efuriente leoni ex ore exculpere prædam, To pull the prey out of the mouth of a hungry lion, Lucil. Haret pede pes, Foot fticks to foot, Virg. for efurienti and pedi.

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To these add names of rivers, and fome other proper names; as, Tiberis, Tiberim, the Tiber; Syrtis, f. -im, a quickfand. Thefe fome times make the accufative in in; as, Batin, Serāpin, Tc.

Exc. 2.

Clavis, f. a key.

Several nouns in is have either em or im; as,

Cutis, f. the skin.

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Thus navem, or navim; puppem, or puppim, &c. The ancients faid avim, aurim, ovim, peflim, vallim, vitim, &c. which are not to be imitated.

Exc. 3.

oufly :

GREEK NOUNS form their accufative vari

1. Greek nouns, whofe genitive increases in is or os impure, that is, with a confonant going before, have the accufative in em or a; as, lampas, lampădis, or lampades; lampădem, or lampada. In like manner, these three, which have is pure in the genitive, or is with a vowel before it: Tros, Trois, Troem, and Troa, a Trojan; heros, a hero; Minos, a king of Crete. The three following have only a: Pan, the god of shepherds; ather, the sky; delphin, a dolphin; thus, Pana, athěra, delphīna.

2. Masculine Greek nouns in is, which have their genitive in is or os impure, form the accusative in im or in, fometimes in idem, never ida; as, Paris, Paridis, or Paridos; Parim, or Parin, sometimes Paridem, never Parida.

3. Feminines in is, increafing impurely in the genitive, have commonly idem or ida, but rarely im or in ; as, Elis, Elidis or Elidos, Elidem or Elida; feldom Elim or Elin; a city in Greece. In like

manner, feminines in ys, ydos, have ÿdem, or žda, not ym or yn in the accufative; as, chlamys, -ždem, or ỹdu, not chlamyn, a foldier's cloak.

4. But all Greek nouns in is or ys, whether mafculine or feminine, having is or os pure in the genitive, form the accufative by changing s of the nominative into m or n; as, metamorphōsis, -eos, or -ios, metamorphofim or -in, a change: Tethys, -yos, or -yis; Tethym, or -yn; the name of a goddess.

5. Nouns ending in the diphthong eus, have the accufative in ea; as, Thefeus, Thefea.

ABLATIVE SINGULAR.

Exc. 1. Neuters in e, al, and ar have i in the ablative; as, fedile, fedili; animal, animāli; calcar, calcari. Except proper names; as, Prænefte, abl. Prænefte, the name of a and the following neuters in ar:

town;

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Exc. 2.

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Nouns which have im or in in the accufative, have i in the ablative; as, vis, vim, vi; but cannăbis, Bætis, and tigris, have e or i.

Nouns which have im or in in the accufative, make their ablative in e or i; as, turris, turre, or turri; but reftis, a rope; and cutis, the skin, have e only.

Several nouns which have only em in the accufative, have e or i in the ablative; as, finis, fupellex, vectis, pugil, a champion; mugil or mugilis; rus, occiput: Alfo names of towns, when the question is made by ubi; as, habitat Carthagine or Carthagini, he lives at Carthage, So, civis, claffis, fors, imber, anguis, avis, poftis, fuftis, amnis, and ignis ; but these have oftener e. Canalis has only . The most ancient writers made the ablative of many other nouns in i; as, eftati, cani, lapidi, ovi, &c.

Exc. 3. Adjectives used as fubftantives have commonly the fame ablative with the adjectives; as, bipennis, -i, an halbert; molāris, -i, a millstone; quadrirēmis, i, a fhip with four banks of oars. So names of months, Aprīlis, -i ; December, -bri, &c. But rudis, a rod given gladiators when discharged; juvenis, a young man, have only e; and likewise thofe ending in il, x, ceps, or ns; as,

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