Paon primus, temporibus. ǎnĭmātus. Paon quartus, cělěrĭtās. Epitrītus primus, võlūptātēs. SCANNING. The measuring of verfe, or the refolving of it into the feveral feet of which it is compofed, is called Scanning. When a verse has just the number of feet requifite, it is called Verfus Acatalectus, or Acatale&icus, an Acatalectic verfe: If a fyllable be wanting, it is called Catale&icus; If there be a fyllable too much, Hypercatalecticus, or Hypermeter. The afcertaining whether the verse be complete, defective, or redundant, is called Depofitio or Claufula. DIFFERENT KINDS OF VERSE. 1. HEXAMETER. The Hexameter or heroic verfe confifts of fix feet. Of these the fifth is a dactyle, and the fixth a spondee; all the reft may be either, dactyles or fpondees; as, Ludere quæ vēl- lēm călă | mō për | misit a grefti. Virg A regular Hexameter line cannot have more than feventeen fyllables, or fewer than thirteen. Sometimes a fpondee is found in the fifth place, whence the verse is called Spondaic; 25, Cără Dě- | um sõbõ- | lēs mā- | gnüm Jõvis | incrē- | mēátūm. Virg. This verfe is used, when any thing grave, flow, large, fad, or the like is expreffed. It commonly has a dactyle in the fourth place, and a word of four fyllables in the end. Sometimes there remains a fuperfluous fyllable at the end. But this fyllable must either terminate in a vowel, or in the confonant m, with a vowel before it; fo as to be joined with the following verfe, which in the prefent cafe must always begin with a vowel; as, Omniă | Mercuri- | ō sĭmi- | lis võ- | cẽmque co- | lōrēmque Thofe Hexameter verfes found beft, which have dactyles and fpondees alternately; as, Ludere quæ vellem calamo permifit agrefti. Virg. It is efteemed a great beauty in an Hexameter verfe, when by the use of dactyles and spondees, the sound is adapted to the sense; Quadrupedante putrem fonitu quatit ungula campum. Virg. Monftrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen ademptum. But what deferves particular attention in scanning Hexameter verfe is the CÆSURA. Cafura is, when after a foot is completed, there remains a fylla'ble at the end of a word to begin a new foot; as, At rẽ-gină gră-vi jām-dudum, &c. The Cafura is variously named, according to the different parts of the hexameter verfe in which it is found. When it comes after the first foot, or falls on the third half-foot, it is called by a Greek name, Triemīmĕris: When on the fifth half-foot, or the syllable after the fecond foot, it is called Pentbemimeris: When it happens on the first fyllable of the fourth foot, or the feventh half-foot, it is called Hephthemimeris; and when on the ninth half-foot, or the first fyllable of the fifth foot, it is called Ennëemimĕriş. All these different fpecies of the Cafura fometimes occur in the fame yerle; as, ́Illë lä-tūs nĭvě-um mõl·li ful-tūs bỹă-cinthō. Virg. But the most common and beautiful Cafura is the penthemim; on which fome lay a particular accent or ftrefs of the voice in reading an hexameter verfe thus compofed, whence they call it the Cafural paufe; 35, Tityre dum rede-0, brevis eft via, pafce capellas. Virg. When the Cafura falls on a fyllable naturally fhort, it renders it long; as the laft syllable of fultus in the foregoing example. The chief melody of an hexameter verfe in a great measure depends on the proper difpofition of the Cafura. Without this a line confifting of the number of feet requifite will be little elfe than mere profe; as, Romæ mania tērruit impiger Hannibal armis. Ennius. The ancient Romans in pronouncing verfe paid a particular attention to its melody. They not only obferved the quantity and accent of the several syllables, but also the different stops and pauses which the particular turn of the verfe required. In modern times we do not fully perceive the melody of Latin verfe, because we have now loft the juft pronunciation of that language, the people of every country pronouncing it in a manner fimilar to their own. In reading Latin verfe, therefore, we are directed by the fame rules which take place with respect to English verse. The tone of the voice ought to be chiefly regulated by the fenfe. All the words thould be pronounced fully; and the cadence of the verse ought only to be obferved, fo far as it correfponds with the natural expreffion of the words. At the end of each line there hould be no fall of the voice, unless the sense requires it; but a fmall pause, half of that which we usually make at a comma. 2. PENTAMETER. The Pentameter verse consists of five feet. Of these the two first are either dactyles or fpondees; the third always a spondee; and the fourth and fifth, an anapæftus; as, Nātū- | ræ sequi- | tūr se- | mină quif- | que sùæ. Propert. Carmini- būs vi- vēs tem- | pus în ōm- | ně měīs. Ovid. But this verfe is more properly divided into two hemisticks or halves; the former of which confifts of two feet, either dactyles or fpondees, and a Cæfura; the latter, always of two dactyles and another Cæfura: thus, Naturæ sequi- | tūr | sēmĭnă | quifque su- | æ. The Pentameter ufually ends with a diffyllable, but fometimes also with a polysyllable, 3. ASCLEPIADEAN. The Afclepiadean verfe confifts of four feet; namely, a spondee, twice a choriambus, and a pyrrhichius; as, Macē- | nās ǎtǎvis | éditě re- | gibus. Hor. But this verfe may be more properly measured thus: In the first place, a spondee; in the second, a dactyle; then a cæfura; and after that two dactyles; thus, Mace-nas ata- | vis | edite | regibus. 4 GLYCONIAN. The Glyconian verfe has three feet, a fpondee, choriambus, and pyrrhichius; as, Navis quæ tibi cre- ditům. Hor. Or it may be divided into a spondee and two dactyles; thus, Navia quæ tibi | creditum. 5. SAPPHIC and ADONIAN. The Sapphic verfe has five feet, viz. a trothee, spondee, dactyle, and two trochees; thus, Integer vitæ, frělě- | risquě | pūrus. Hor. An Adonian verfe confifts only of a dactyle and spondee; as, Jupiter ürget. Hor. 6. PHERECRATIAN. The Pherecratian verfe confifts of three feet, a fpondee, dactyle and fpondee; thus, Nigris æquorǎ vēntis. Hōr. 7. PHALEUCIAN. The Phaleucian verse confists of five feet, namely, a spondee, a dactyle, and three trochees; as, Súmmām | rēc mětů- | ās dĩ- | ēm, něc. | ōptes. Mart. & The GREATER ALCAIC. The greater Alcaic, called likewise Dactylic, confifts of four feet, afpondee or jambus, iambus and cæfura, then two dactyles; as, Virtûs | rěpůl- | fæ | nësciă | sõrdidæ.. Hor. 9. ARCHILOCHIAN. The Archilochian iambic verse consists of four feet. In the first and third place, it has either a spondee or iambus; in the fecond and fourth, always an iambus; and in the end, a Cæfura; as, 1 Nēc sh-mit, aŭt | pônit | sĕcu- | res. Hor, 10 The LESSER ALCAIC. The leffer Dactylic Alcaic consists of four feet, namely, two dąctyles and two trochees ; as, Arbitrĭ- | ō pŏpů- | lārīs | aūræ. Hor. Of the above kinds of verse, the first two take their names from the number of feet of which they confift. All the reft derive their names from thofe by whom they were either first invented, or frequently used. There are feveral other kinds of verfe, which are named from the feet by which they are most commonly measured; fuch as the dactylic, frochaic, an paftic, and iambic. The last of these is moft frequently used. 11. JAMBIC. Of lambic verfe there are two kinds. The one confifts of four feet, and is called by a Greek name Dimeter; the other confifts of fix feet, and is called Trimeter. The reafon of thefe names is, that among the Greeks two feet were confidered only as one measure in iambic verfe; whereas the Latins measured it by fingle feet, and therefore called the dimcter quaternarius, and the trimeter fenarius. Originally this kind of verse was purely iambic, ¡. ‹. admitted of no other feet but the iambus; thus, Dimeter, Inār- | sĭt æ- | stŭō | sĭūs. Hor. Trimeter, Sŭis | čt i- | psă Rō- | må vi- | rĭbūs | ruit. Id. But afterwards, both for the fake of ease and variety, different feet were admitted into the uneven or odd places; that is, in the first, third, and fifth places, instead of an iambus, they used a spondee, a dactyle, or an anapæftus, and sometimes a tribrachys. We alfo find a tribrachys in the even places, i. e. in the second place, and in the fourth; for the last foot must always be an iambus; thus, Dimeter, Cânĭdi- | ǎ tra- | ctavit | dăpēs. Hor. Vide-rě propĕ- | rāntēs | dŏmům. Id. Trimeter, Quoquô | scělē- | sti růĭ- | tis aut | cúr dēx- | těris. Id. Păvidum- quě lěpõ- | r'aūt ād | vēnām | lăqučo gruēm. Id. Aliti- bus atque cănĭ- | bus homi- | cid' He- | Єtŏrēm. In comic writers we fometimes find an iambic verfe confifting of eight feet, therefore called Tetrameter, or Oconarius. FIGURES in SCANNING. The feveral changes made upon words to adapt them to the verse, are called Figures in Scanning. The chief of thefe are the Synalæpha, E&hlipfis, Synarěfis, Diarěfis; Syftole, and Diaftŏle. 1. SYNALOEPHA is the cutting off of a vowel or diphthong, when the next word begins with a vowel; as, Conticuere omnes, intentique ora tenebant. Virg. to be fcanned thus, Conticu-er' om- nes in- tenti- | qu' ōră te- | nebant. The Synalapha is fometimes neglected; and feldom takes place in the interjections, 6, heu, ah,, prob, va, vab, hei; as, O pater, & hominum, Divûmque æterna poteftas. Virg. Long vowels and diphthongs, when not cut off, are fometimes fhortened; as, U a |