Ac, sic, non. So Greek nouns in n; as, Titan, Siren, Salamin; Enean, Anchisen, Circen; Lacedæmon, &c. The following words are fhort, nec and doněc; forfităn, in, forsăn, taměn, ăn, viděn, likewife nouns in en which have inis in the genitive; as, carměn, criměn; together with several Greek nouns; as, Ilion, Pylčn, Alexin. The pronoun hic and the verb fac are common. AS, ES, OS. 18. AS, ES, and OS, in the end of a word, are long; as, Mas, quies, bonōs. The following words are fhort, anăs, es, from fum, and penès; ĕs having offis in the genitive, compos, and impos; also a great many Greek nouns of all these three terminations; as, Arcas, and Arcădăs, herōas, Phryges, Arcados, Tenedos, Mělos, &c. and Latin nouns in es, having the penult of the genitive increafing fhort; as, Ales, hebes, obses. But Ceres, paries, aries, abies, and pes with its compounds, are long. IS, US, YS. 19. IS, US, and YS, in the end of a word, are fhort; as, Turris, legis, legimus, annés, Capys. Exc. 1. Plural cafes in is and us are long; as, Pennis, libris, nobis, omnis for omnes, frudûs, manûs: alfo the genitive fingular of the fourth declenfion; as, portûs. But bus in the dat. and abl. plur. is fhort; as, floribus, frudibus, rebus. Exc. 2. Nouns in is are long, which have the genitive in itis, inis, or entis; as, lis, Samnis, Salamis, Simis; To thefe add the adverbs gratis and foris; the noun glīs, and vis, whether it be a noun or a verb; alfo in the fecond perfon fingular, when the plural has itis; as, audīs, abis, pofsis. Ris in the future of the fubjunctive is common. Exc. 3. Monofyllables in us are long; as, grūs, sūs : alfo nouns which in the genitive have ūris, ūdis, ūtis, un tis, or odis; as, tellus, incus, virtūs, amăthūs, tripus. To thefe add the genitive of Greek nouns of the third declenfion; as, Clius, Sapphús, Mantûs; also nouns which have u in the vocative; as, Panthūs. Exc. 4. Tethys is fometimes long, and nouns in ys, which have likewife yn in the nominative; as, Phorcys, Trachys. The last fyllable of every verfe is common: Or, as fome think, neceffarily long, on account of the paufe or fufpenfion of the voice, which usually follows it in pronunciation. Deni, from decem. Sufpicio, from fufpicor. Mobilis, fram mŏveo. Fōmes, foveo. Sēdes, sědco. Humor, hŭmus. Humanus, homo. Sēcius, Regula, rego. Penuria, pěnus. Compounds. 21. Compounds follow the quantity of the fimple words which compofe them; as, Děduco, of de and duco. So, profĕro, antěƒĕro, consotor, denoto, depeculor, deprāvo, defpēro, defpumo, desquāmo, enōdo, erudio, exudo, exăro, expăveo, incēro, inhŭmo, inveftigo, pragrăvo, pranăto, règělo, appăro, appareo, concăvus, prægrăvis, desolo, fuffoco, diffidit from diffindo, and diffidit from diffido, indico and indico, permănet from permăneo, and permånet from permano, effodit in the prefent, and effodit in the perfect; fo exědit, and exēdit ; devenit and devenit; devěnimus and devenĭmus; reperimus and reperimus; effugit and effugit, &c. The change of a vowel or diphthong in the com. pound does not alter the quantity; as, incido from in and cădo; incido, from in and cædo, fuffoco, from sub and faux, faucis. Unless the letter following make it fall under fome general rule; as, admitto, percello, děofculor, prohibeo. Exc. 1. Agnitum, cognitum, dējĕro, pējěro, innuba, pronŭba, maledicus, veridicus, nihilum, femisõpitus; from notus, juro, nubo, dico, hilum, and sopio: ambi tus, a participle from ambio, is long; but the fubftantives ambitus and ambitio are fhort. Connubium has the fecond fyllable common. Exc. 2. The prepofition PRO is fhort in the following words: profundus, profugio, profugus, proněpos, proneptis, profeftus, profari, profiteor, profānus, profecto, procella, protervus, and propago, a lineage; pro in propago, a vine-ftock or fhoot, is long. Pro in the following words is doubtful: propago, to propagate; propino, profundo, propello, propulfo, procuro, and Proferpina. Exc. 3. The infeparable prepofitions SE and DI are long; as, sepǎro, divello: except dirĭmo, difertus. Re is fhort; as, remitto, refĕro: except in the imperfonal verb refert, compounded of res and fero. Exc. 4. E, I, and O, in the end of the former compounding word are usually shortened; as, nefas, neque, patefacio, &c. omnipotens, agricola, fignifico, &c. duŏděcim, hodie, facrofanctus, &c. But from each of these there are many exceptions. Thus i is long when it is varied by cafes; as, quidam, quivis, tantidem, eidem, &c. And when the compounding words may be taken feparately; as, ludimagifter, lucrifacio, siquis, &c. Idem in the mafc. is long, in the neuter fhort ; alfo ubique, ibidem. But in ubivis, and ubicunque, the i is doubtful. ACCENT. Accent is the tone of the voice with which a fyllable is pronounced. In every word of two or more fyllables, one syllable is founded higher than the reft, to prevent monotony, or an uniformity of found, which is disagreeable to the ear. When accent is confidered with refpect to the sense, or when a particular ftrefs is laid upon any word, on account of the meaning, it is called Emphafis. There are three accents, diftinguished by their different founds; acute, grave, and circumflex. 1. The acute or sharp accent raises the voice in pronunciation, and is thus marked [']; as, prófero, prófer. 2. The grave or bafe accent depreffes the voice, or keeps it in its natural tone; and is thus marked [`]; as, doctè. This accent properly belongs to all fyllables which have no other. 3. The circumflex accent first raises, and then finks the voice in fome degree on the fame fyllable; and is therefore placed only upon long fyllables. When written, it has this mark, made up of the two former [^]; as, amâ re. The accents are hardly ever marked in English books, except in dictionaries, grammars, Ípelling-books, or the like, where the acute accent only is used. The accents are likewife feldom marked in Latin books, unless for the fake of distinction; as in these adverbs, aliquò, continuò, dolle, , . to diftinguish them from certain cafes of adjectives, which are fpelt in the fame way. So poëta, gloriâ, in the ablative: fructus, tumultus, in the genitive: neftrum, veftrum, the genitive of nos and was: ergo, on account of: orridit, he flew; Pompili, for Pompilii; amâris, for amaveris, Ca VERSE. A VERSE is a certain number of long and short fyllables difpofed according to rule. It is fo called, because when the number of fyll.bles requifite is Completed, we always turn back to the beginning of a new line. The parts into which we divide a verse, to see if it have its just number of fyllables, are called Feet. A verfe is divided into different feet, rather to ascertain its meastre, than to regulate its pronunciation. FEET. Poetic feet are either of two, three, or four fyllables. When a ingle fyllable is taken by itself, it is called a Casira, which is commonly a long fyllable. 1. Feet of tavo fyllables. Sponatur, confifts of two long; as, ōmnēs. Pyrrbichius, Iambur, Trochaus, two fhort; as, deus. a fhort and a long ; 26, ămâns. 2. Feet of three fyllables. DaЯylus, a long and two short; as, fcribere. charitat. |