Cânere receptui, fc. fuis militibus, to found a retreat; Habere, curæ, quæftui, odio, voluptati, religioni, ftudio, ludibrio, defpicatui, &c. fc. fibi.

Obf. 3. To this rule belong forms of naming; as, Eft mibi nomen Alexandro, my name is Alexander; or with the nominative, Eft mibi nomen Alexander; or more rarely with the genitive, Eft mibi nomen Alexandri.

2. Verbs governing the Accufative and the Genitive.

XXIII. Verbs of accufing, condemning, acquitting, and admonishing, govern the accufative of a person with the genitive of a thing; as,.

Arguit me furti,
Meipfum inertia condemno,›
Illum bomicidii abfolvunt,
Monet me officii,

He accufes me of theft.

I condemn myself of laziness.
They acquit him of manslaughter.
He admonishes me of my duty.

Verbs of accufing are, Accufo, ago, appello, arceffo, inquiro, arguo, defĕro, infimělo, postŭlo, alligo, aftringo; of condemning, Damno, condemno, infamo, noto; of acquitting, Abfolvo, liběro, purgo ;▲ of admonishing, Moneo, admoneo, commonefacio.

Obs. 1. Verbs of accufing and admonishing, instead of the genitive, frequently have after them an ablative, with the prepofition de; as, Monere aliquem officii, or de officio; Accufare aliquem furti, or de furto. De vi condemnati funt, Cic.

Obf. 2- Crimen and caput are put either in the genitive or ablative; but in the ablative ufually without a prepofition; as, Damnare, poftulare, abfolvere cum criminis, v. capitis ; & crimine, vel capite; also, Abfolvo me peccato, Liv. And we always say, Plectere, punire aliquem capite, and not capitis, to punish one capitally, or with death.

Obf. 3. Many verbs of accufing, &c. are not conftrued with the acc. of a perfon and the gen. of a thing, but the contrary; thus we fay, Culpo, reprehendo, taxo, traduco, vitupero, calumnior, criminor, excufo, &c. avaritiam alicujus, and not aliquem avaritiæ. We fometimes alfo find accufo, incufa, &c conftrued in this manner; as, Accufare inertiam adolefcentium, for adolefcentes inertia, Cic. Culpam arguo, Liv. We fay, Agere cum aliquo furti, rather than i quem, to accufe one of theft, Cic.

Obf. 4. Verbs of accufing and admonishing sometimes govern two accufatives, when joined with hoc, illud, iftud, id, unum, multa, &c. as, Monec, accufo te illud. We feldom however fay, Errorem te moneo, but erroris, or de errore.

XXIV. Verbs of valuing, with the accufative, govern fuch genitives as these, magni, parvi, nihili; as,

Eftimo te magni,

I value you much,

Verbs of valuing are, Eftimo, exiftimo, duco, facio, habeo, pendo, puto, taxo. They govern feveral other genitives; as, tanti, quanti, pluris, majoris, minoris, minimi, plurimi, maximi, nauci, pili, affis, nihili, teruncii, hujus.

Obf. 1. Eftimo fometimes governs the ablative; as, Eftimo te magno, permagno, parvo, fcil. pretio : and also nihilo. We likewise say, Pro nibilo babeo, puto, duco.

Obf. 2. qui and boni are put in the genitive after facio and confu as, Hoc confulo boni, æqui bonique facio, I take this in good part.

Obf. 3. The genitive after all thefe verbs is governed by fome fubftantive understood; as, Arguere aliquem furti, feil. de crimine furti Eftimo rem magni, fcil. pretii, or pro re magni pretii; Confulo boni, i. e. ftatuo or cenfeo effe factum or munus boni viri, ar animi; Moncre aliquem officii, i. e. officii cauâ, or de re or negotio officii.

3. Verbs governing the Accufative and the Dative.

XXV. Verbs of comparing, giving, declaring, and taking away, govern the accufative and dative; as, Comparo Virgilium Homero, Suum cuique tribuito, Narras fabulam furdo,

Eripuit me morti,

I compare Virgil to Homer.
Give every one his own.

You tell a story to a deaf man.
He rescued me from death.

Or thus, any active verb may govern the accufative and the dative, (when together with the object of the action, we express the perfon or thing with relation to which it is exerted ;) as,

Legam lectionem tibi, I will read the lesson to you. Emit librum mibi, He bought a book for me. Sic vos non vobis fertis aratra boves, Virg. Paupertas fæpe fuadet mula hominibus, advises men to do bad things, Plaut. Imperare pecuniam, frumentum, naves, arma aliquibus, to order, to furnish, Cæf.

Obf. 1. Verbs of comparing and taking away, together with fome others, are often conftrued with a prepofition; as, Comparare unam rem cum alia, & ad aliam, or comparare res inter fe: Eripuit me morti, morte, a or ex morte: Mittere epiftolam alicui, or ad aliquem: Intendere telum alicui, or in aliquem: Incidere æri, in æs, or in ære: and so in many others.

Obf. 2. Several verbs governing the dative and accusative, are conftrued differently; as,

Circumdare mania oppido, or oppidum manibus, to furround a city with walls.

Intercludere commeatum alicui, or aliquem commeatu, to intercept one's provifions.

Donare, prohibere rem alicui, or aliquem re, to give one a prefent, fo binder one from a thing.

Mactare hoftiam Deo, or Deum hoftiâ, to facrifice.

Impertire falutem alicui, or aliquem falute, to falute one.

Interdixit Galliam Romanis, or Romanos Galliâ, be debarred the Romans from Gaul.

Induere, exuere vestem fibi, or se veste, to put on, to put off one's cloaths.

Levare dolorem alicui; dolorem alicujus; aliquem dolore, to cafe one's diftrefs.

Minari aliquid alicui, or fometimes alicui aliquo, Cic. to threaten one with any thing; Cæfari gladio, Sall.

Gratulor tibi hanc rem, hac re, in, pro, &' de hac re, I congratulate you on this.

Reftituere alicui fanitatem, or aliquem fanitati, to reflore to health. Afpergere labem alicui, or aliquem labe, to put an affront on one; aram fanguine. Litare Deum facris, & facra Deo.

Excufare fe alicui & apud aliquem, de re; valetudinem ei.
Exprobare vitium ei v. in eo, to upbraid.

Occupare pecuniam alicui, & apud aliquem, i. e. pecuniam fœnori locare, to place at intereft, Cic.

Opponere fe morti, & ad mortem. Renunciare id ei, & ad eum. Obf. 3. Verbs fignifying motion or tendency to a thing, instead of the dative, have an accufative after them, with the prepofition

ad; as,

Portó, fero, lego, as, præcipito, tollo, traho, duco, verto, incito, fufcito; alfo Hortor, and invito, voco, provoco, animo, ftimulo, conformo, laceffo; thus, Ad laudem milites hortatur; Ad prætorem hominem traxit, Cic. But after feveral of these verbs, we also find the dative; as, Inferre Deos Latio, for in Latium, Virg. Invitare aliquem hofpitio, or in hofpitium, Cic.

Obf. 4. The accufative is fometimes understood; as, Nubere alicui, fcil. fe; Cedere alicui, fcil. locum; Detrahere alicui, fcil. laudem; Ignofcere alicui, fcil. culpam. And in English the particle to is often omitted; as, Dedit mihi libram, He gave me a book, for ta

me.

4. Verbs governing two Accufatives.

XXVI. Verbs of afking and teaching govern two accufatives, the one of a perfon, and the other of a thing;

We beg peace of thee.
He taught me grammar.

I. Verbs of afking which govern two accufatives are, Rogo, oro, exoro, obfecro, precor, pofco, repofco, flagito, &c. Of teaching, Doceo, edoceo, dedoceo, erudio.

Obf. 1. Celo likewife governs two accufatives; as, Celavit me banc rem, He concealed this matter from me; or otherwife, celavit harc rem mibi, or celavit me de bac re.

Obf. 2. Verbs of asking and teaching are often construed with a prepofition: as, Rogare rem ab aliquo; Docere aliquem de re, to inform ; but we do not fay, docere aliquem de grammatica, but grammaticam, to teach. And we always fay, with a prepofition, Peto, exigo a v. abs te; Percontor, fcitor, fcifcitor, ex or a te, or te without the prepofition; - Interrogo, confulto, te de re; Ut facias te obfecro; Ezorat pacem divum, for divos, Virg. Inftruo, inftituo, formo, informo, aliquem, artibus, in the abl. without a prep. Imbuo eum artibus, in v. ab artibus. Alfo inftruo ad rem, v. in re, ignorantiam alicujus. Erudire aliquem artes, de v. in re, ad rem. Formare ad ftudium, mentem ftudiis, ftudia ejus.

Obf. 2. The accufative of the thing is not properly governed by the verb, but by quod ad or fecundum understood.

5. Verbs governing the Accufative and the Ablative.

XXVII. Verbs of loading, binding, clothing, depriving, and fome others, govern the accufative and the ablative; as,

He loads the fhip with gold.

Onerat naves auro, Verbs of loading are, Onero, cumulo, premo, opprimo, obruo : Of unloading, levo, exonĕro, &c. Of binding, aftringo, ligo, allīgo, devincio, impedio, irretio, illaqueo, &c. Of loofing, folvo, exfolvo, libera, loxo, expedio, &c. Of depriving, privo, nudo, orbo, spolio, fraudo, emungo: Of clothing, vestio, amicio, induo, cingo, tego, velo, corōno, & calceo : Of unclothing, exuos difcingo, &c.

Obf. 1. The prepofition, by which the ablative is governed after thefe verbs, is fometimes expreffed; as, Solvere aliquem ex catenis, Cic. Sometimes the ablative is to be fupplied; as, Complet naves fe, viris, mans the fbips, Virg.

Obf. 2. Several of thefe verba likewife govern the genitive; as, Adolefcentem fuæ temeritatis implet, Liv. And alfo vary their conftruction; as, Induit, exuit fe veftibus, or veftes fibi.

The CONSTRUCTION of PASSIVE VERBS.

XXVIII. When the active governs two cafes, the pas five retains the latter cafe; as,

Accufor furti,

Virgilius comparatur Homero,
Doceor grammaticam,

Navis oneratur auro,

I am accused of theft.

Virgil is compared to Homer.
I am taught grammar.
The fhip is loaded with gold.

So Scio homines accufatum iri furti : -Eos ereptum iri morti, morte, a vel ex morte;- -pueros doctum iri grammaticam ;rem celatum iri mihi vel me; me celatum iri de re, &c.

Obf. 1. Paffive verbs are commonly conftrued with the ablative and the prepofition a; as,

Tu laudaris a me, which is equivalent to, Ego laudo te. Virtus diligitur a nobis; Nos diligimus virtutem. Gaudeo meum factum probari a te, or te probare meum factum: And fo almost all active verbs. Neuter and deponent verbs alfo admit this prepofition; as, Mare a fole collucet, Cic. Phalaris non a paucis interiit, Id. So Cadere ab hofte; Ceffare a præliis; Mori ab enfe; Pati, furari, aliquid ab aliquo, &c. Alfo Venire ab hoftibus, to be fold; Vapulare ab aliquo, Exulare ab urbe. Thus likewife many active verbs; as, Sumere, petere, tollere, pellere, expectare, emere, &c. ab aliquo.

The prep is fometimes understood after paffive verbs; as, Deferor conjuge, Ovid. Defertus fuis, fc. a. Tacit. Tabulâ distinguitur undâ, qui navigat, f. ab unda, is kept from the water by a plank, Juv.

The prepofition PER is also used in the fame fenfe with A; as, Fer me defenfa eft refpublica, or a me; Per me reftitutus; Per me v. a me factum eft, Cic. But PER commonly marks the instrument, and A the principal efficient caufe; as, Res agitur per creditores a rege, Cic.

Obf. 2. Paffive verbs fometimes govern the dative, efpecially among the poets; as,

Neque cernitur ulli, for ab ullo, Virg. Vix audior ulli, Ovid. Scriberis Vario, for a Vario, Hor. Honefta bonis viris quæruntur, for a viris, Cic. VIDEOR, to feem, always governs the dative; as, Videris mihi, You seem to me: But we commonly fay, Videris a me, You are seen by me; although not always; as, Nulla tuarum audita mihi, neque vifa fororum, for a me, Virg.

Obf. 3. Induor, amicior, cingor, accingor, alfo exuor and difcingor, are often conftrued with the accufative, particularly among the poets, though we do not find them governing two accufatives in the active voice; as, Induitur veftem, or veste.

Obf. 4 Neuter verbs are for the moft part only used imperfonally in the paffive voice; unlefs when they are joined with a noun of a fimilar fignification to their own; as, Pugna pugnata eft, Cic. Bellum militabitur, Horat. Paffive imperfonal verbs are most commonly applied either to a multitude, or to an individual taken indefinitely; as, Statur, fletur, curritus, vivitur, venitur, &c. a nobis, ab illis, &c. We are standing, weeping, &c. Bene poteft vivi a me, vel ab aliquo; I or any person may live well. Provifum eft nobis optime a Deo; Reclamatum eft ab omnibus, all cried out against it, Cic.

They alfo govern the fame cafes, as when used personally; as, Ut majoribus natu affurgatur, ut fupplicum mifereatur. Cic. Except the accufative: For in thefe phrafes, Itur Athenas, pugnatum eft biduum, dormitur totam noctem, the accufative is not governed by the verb, but by the prepofitions ad and per understood. We find, however, Tota mihi dormitur hyems; Noctes vigilantur amarg; Ocea nus raris ab orbe nostro navibus aditur, Tacit.