who

FAMILIARS, in the inquisition, persons assisted in apprehending the accused, and carrying them to prison. They were assistants to the inquisitor, and called familiars, because belong ing to his family. See INQUISITION.

FAMINE, n. s. Fr. famine; old Fr. FAM'ISH, v. a. &v.n.famis; Ital. fame; Lat. FAMʼISHMENT, n. s. fumes, hunger. Dearth; hunger; distress from want of food: to famish (apparently derived from the substantive) is to kill with hunger; to starve; hence to deprive of any thing essential to life.

Id.

Byron.

So when the famished wolves at midnight howl, Fell serpents hiss, or fierce hyenas growl; Indignant lions rear their bristling mail, And lash their sides with undulating tail. Onward sweep the varied nations! Famine long hath dealt their rations. FAN, n. s. & v. a. Sax. Fann; Fr. van (for grain); Lat. vannus (that which causes light things to fly). An instrument used by ladies to cool themselves; an agricultural instrument for winnowing corn; any thing by which the air is agitated; any thing of the shape, appearance, or used for the purposes, of these instruments. To fan is to cool, ventilate, or winnow; also to increase, or make more vehement, a flame (as the agitation of the surrounding air does).

Asses shall eat clean provender, winnowed with the shovel and with the fan. Isaiah xxx. 24. Nature worketh in us all a love to our own counsels :

the contradiction of others is a fan to inflame tha: love.

Hooker.

I have collected some few, therein fanning the old, not omitting any. Bacon's Apothegms. Flaile, strawfork, and rake, with a fan that is strong. Tusser. Not so the wicked; but as chaff, which, fanned, The wind drives, so the wicked shall not stand In judgment.

Milton. Calm as the breath which fans our eastern groves, And bright, as when thy eyes first lighted up our loves Dryden.

The fanning wind upon her bosom blows; To meet the fanning wind the bosom rose : The fanning wind and purling streams continue her Id. Cimon and Iphigenia.

repose. As a peacock and crane were in company, the peacock spread his tail, and challenged the other to shew L'Estrange. him such a fan of feathers.

She was fanned into slumbers by her slaves.

Spectator. For the cleansing of corn is commonly used either a wicker fun, or a fun with sails.

Mortimer's Husbandry.

Famine, and Pestilence, her first-born son, Attend to finish what the sword begun; And echoing praises, such as fiends might earn, And Folly pays, resound at your return.

Id.

Loud o'er the camp the fiend of famine shrieks, Calls all her brood, and champs her hundred beaks. Darwin.

There sits quiescent on the floods, that show Her beauteous form reflected clear below,

VOL. IX.

E

FAN, in husbandry. The machine used for this purpose by the ancients seems to have been of a form similar to ours. The fan, which Virgil calls mystica vannus Iacchi, was used at initiations into the mysteries of the ancients: for, as the persons who were initiated into any of the mysteries, were to be particularly good, this instrument, which separates the wheat from the chaff, was the fittest emblem that could be of setting apart the good and virtuous from the vicious and useless part of mankind. It is figuratively applied in a similar manner Luke iii. 17. FANS, ANCIENT. That the use of the fan was known to the ancients is very evident from what Terence says, Cape hoc flabellum, et ventulum huic sic facito: and from Ovid, De Arte Amandi, i. 161.

Profuit et tenues ventos movisse flabello.

The fans of the ancients were made of different materials; but the most elegant were composed of peacocks' feathers, or perhaps painted so as to represent a peacock's tail.

FANS, MODERN. The custom which prevails among European ladies, of wearing fans, was borrowed from the east, where the hot climate renders the use of them almost indispensable. In the east they chiefly use those of large size, and made of feathers, to keep off the sun and flies. In Italy and Spain they have a sort of square fan, suspended in the middle of their apartments, and particularly over the tables: these, by a motion given them, which they retain a long time on account of their perpendicular suspension, help to cool the air and drive off insects. In the Greek church, a fan is put into the hands of the deacons in the ceremony of their ordination, in allusion to a part of the deacon's office in that church, which is to keep the flies off the priests during the celebration of the sacra

A church whose doctrines are derived from the clear fountains of the Scriptures, whose polity and discipline are formed upon the most uncorrupted models of antiquity, which has stood unshaken by the most furious assaults of Popery on the one hand, and fanaticism on the other; has triumphed over all the arguments of its enemies, and has nothing now to contend with but their slanders and calamities.

Rogers.

The double armature of St. Peter is a more destructive engine, than the tumultuary weapon snatched up by a fanatick. Decay of Piety.

It is the new fanatical religion, now in the heat of its first ferment, of the rights of man, which rejects all establishments, all discipline, all ecclesiastical, and in truth all civil order, which will triumph, and which will lay prostrate your church; which will destroy your distinctions; and which will put all your properties to auction, and disperse you over the earth.

Burke. The living they pursued was neither hypocritically nor fanatically followed. Thy country, Wilberforce, with just disdain,

Hears thee by cruel men and impious called Fanatic, for thy zeal to loose the enthralled From exile, public sale, and slavery's chain.

Id.

Cowper.

FANATICS. The ancients called those fanatici, who passed their time in fana, temples, and being, or pretending to be, often seized with a kind of enthusiasm, as if inspired by the divinity, showed wild and antic gestures. Prudentius represents them as cutting and slashing their arms with knives. Shaking the head was also common among the fanatici; for Lampridius informs us that the emperor Heliogabalus was arrived to that pitch of madness, as to shake his head with the gashed fanatics.

FANCOURT (Samuel), a dissenting minister, born in the west of England in 1678. He became pastor of a congregation at Salisbury, whence he was obliged to remove for rejecting the Calvinistic opinions of election and reprobation. He then went to London, where he established the first circulating library, about the year 1740, but in this he was not greatly encouraged. He wrote some controversial tracts, and died in low circumstances in 1768.

FAN'CY, n. s., v. n. & v. a.
FANCIFUL, adj.
FANCIFULLY, adv.
FANCIFULNESS, n.s.
FAN'CYFREE, adj.

FANCY MONGER, n. s.
FAN CYSICK, adj.

Fr. fantasie; Italian fantasia; Latin phantasia; Greek φαντασια : See FANTASY. This is evidently

a contraction of

that word. Imagination; the mental power of framing to ourselves images or representations of things or persons: hence an imaginary as distinct from a well-founded opinion; and the image made; conception; supposition: also liking; inclination; attachment; humor or caprice; love to fancy, as a verb neuter, signifies to verb to pourtray in the mind; to imagine; be imagine or believe on slight grounds: as an active pleased or gratified with. Fancy-free is used by Shakspeare for free from love; fancy-monger is one who deals in imaginary conceits or tricks ; fancy-sick, one of unsound imagination.

Men's private fancies must give place to the higher judgment of that church which is in authority over Hooker.

them.

How now, my lord, why do you keep alone;
Of sorriest fancies your companions making,
Using those thoughts which should indeed have died
With them they think on?
Id. Macbeth.

Tell me where is fancy bred,
Or in the heart, or in the head?
How begot, how nourished?
It is engendered in the eyes,
With gazing fed, and fancy dies
In the cradle where it lies.

Id. Merchant of Venice. Ninus both admiring her judgment and valour, together with her person and external beauty, fancied her so strongly, as, neglecting all princely respects, be took her from her husband. Raleigh.

The altering of the scent, colour, or taste of fruit, by infusing, mixing, or cutting into the bark or the root of the tree, herb, or flower, any coloured, aromatical, or medicinal substance, are but fancies: the cause is, for that those things have passed their period, and uourish not. Bacon's Natural History. What treasures did he bury in his sumptuous buildings? and how foolish and fanciful were they?

Hayward.

Albertus Magnus, with somewhat too much curiosity, was somewhat transported with too much fancifulness towards the influences of the heavenly motions, and astrological calculations.

Hale.

It would show as much singularity to deny this, as it does a fanciful facility to affirm it. Garth.

Shakespeare, fancy's sweetest child!
Warbled his native wood-notes wild. Milton.
In the soul

Are many lesser faculties, that serve
Reason as chief: among these funcy next
Her office holds of all external things,
Which the five watchful senses represent,
She forms imaginations, airy shapes,
Which reason joining, or disjoining, frames
All what we affirm, or what deny, and call
Our knowledge, or opinion. Id. Paradise Lost.
A person of a full and ample fortune, who was not
disturbed by any fancies in religion. Clarendon.

True worth shall gain me, that it may be said Desert, not fancy, once a woman led.

Dryden.

Id.

But he whose noble genius is allowed, Who with stretched pinions soars above the crowd; Who mighty thought can clothe with manly dress, He whom I fancy, but can ne'er express. One that was just entering upon a long journey, took up a fancy of putting a trick upon Mercury. L'Estrange.

Tis not necessity, but opinion, that makes men miserable; and when we come to be fancysick, there's

Some fanciful men have expected nothing but confusion and ruin from those very means, whereby both that and this is most effectually prevented.

Woodward's Natural History.

A resemblance in humour or opinion, a fancy for the same business or diversion, is a ground of affection. Collier.

London-pride is a pretty fancy for borders.

Mortimer.

The sultan of Egypt kept a good correspondence with the Jacobites towards the head of the Nile, for fear they should take a fancy to turn the course of that river. Arbuthnot.

Imaginary evils soon become real ones by indulging our reflections on them; as he who in a melancholy fancy sees something like a face on the wall or the wainscot, can, by two or three touches with a lead pencil, make it look visible, and agreeing with what he fancied. Swift.

Who lives to Nature rarely can be poor; Who lives to fancy never can be rich. Young. He seemed, through the day, to be swallowed up in profound meditation, and, through the night, he was disturbed with those visionary terrors which make an impression upon a weak understanding only or a disordered fancy. Robertson's History of Scotland. To thee my fancy took its wing,

I sat, but neither heard or saw :
Though this was fair, and that was braw,

And yon the toast of a' the town.

Burns.

That a people beset with such real and imaginary bugbears, should fancy themselves dreaming, even when awake, of corpses, and graves, and coffins, and other terrible things, seems natural enough; but that their visions ever tended to any real or useful discovery, I am much inclined to doubt. O'er fancied injury Suspicion pines,

Beattie.

considerable shipping trade. Population 2300. Long. 9° 43′ E., lat. 55° 25′ N.

In

FANSHAW (Sir Richard), a celebrated ambassador, was the son of Sir Henry Fanshaw of Ware Park in Hertfordshire, and was born about 1607. In 1635 he was employed by king Charles I., and sent resident to the court of Spain; whence, being recalled in 1641, he adhered to the royal interest, and was employed in several important matters of state. At the restoration he was made master of the requests; a station in those times of considerable profit. In 1661 he was sent envoy to Portugal; and, in 1662, with the title of ambassador; when he negociated the marriage of Charles II. with the infanta Catherina. Upon his return he was made a privy counsellor. 1664 he was sent ambassador to both Spain and Portugal; at which time the foundation of peace betwixt those crowns and England was laid by him. His conduct during his former employments in those courts gained him such esteem, that his reception was magnificent, beyond any thing before known; and which those kings declared was not to be a precedent to succeeding ambassadors. He died at Madrid in 1666, on the day he had fixed for his return to England. Besides some original poems, he published a translation of Bathista Guarini's Pastor Fido, and another of the Lusiad of Camoens. Among his posthumous publications are, Letters during his embassies in Spain and Portugal; with his life prefixed.

FANSHAW, CAPE, a cape on the north side of Frederick's sound, and on the west coast of North America. Long. 226° 44′ E., lat. 57° 11' N. FANTASIA, in the Italian music, signifies fancy; and is used for a composition, wherein the composer ties himself to no particular time, but ranges according as his fancy leads, amidst various movements, different airs, &c. This is otherwise called the capricious style: before sonatas were used, there were many of this kind, some of which still remain.

FANTASY, n. s. Fr. fantasie: Ital. FANTASIED, adj. Span., Port., and Lat. FANTASM, n. s. fantasia; Gr. pav FANTASTIC, adj. Taoia, show, parade. FANTASTICAL, Fancy; imagination; FANTASTICALLY, adv. idea; whim fanFANTASTICNESS, n. s. tasm, fantasticness, FANTASTICALNESS. and fantasticalness, have the same meaning: fantasied is filled with wild imaginations, or conceits: fantastic, and fantastical, imaginary; irrational; not real; capricious; uncertain.

Let us shewe our fantasies in such wordes as we lerneden of our dame's tonge.

Chaucer.

O who does know the bent of women's fantasy. Spenser's Faerie Queene.

And with the sug'ry sweet thereof allure, Chaste ladies ears to fantasies impure. Hubbard. I would wish that both you and others would cease from drawing the Scriptures to your fantasies and afWhitgift.

fections.

I talk of dreams,

Which are the children of an idle brain,
Begot of nothing but vain fantasy;
Which is as thin of substance as the air,

And more inconstant than the wind. Skakspeare.

They put such words in the mouths of one of these fantastical mind-infected people that children and Sidney. musicians call lovers.

I dare not assume to myself to have put him out of conceit with it, by having convinced him of the fantasticalness of it. Tillotson. Preface.

One cannot so much as fantastically chuse, even or odd, he thinks not why. Grew's Cosmologia.

We are taught to clothe our minds as we do our bodies, after the fashion in vogue: and it is accounted fantasticalness, or something worse, not to do so.

Locke.