utters the similar parts as genuine, concealing, by a seal, the space whence the dissimilar part is cut out, the offence is complete under the act, 4 W. P. Taunton, 400. The counterfeiting writings of an inferior nature, as letters and such like, it hath been said, is not properly forgery; but the deceit is punishable.-But in the case of John Ward, of Hackney, it was determined that to forge a release or acquittance for the delivery of goods, although not under seal, was forgery at common law. See Barn. K. B. 10. Raym. 81. Stra. 747. And this case is considered as having now settled the rule that the counterfeiting of any writing with a fraudulent intent, whereby another may be prejudiced, is forgery at common law. 2 East's P. C. c. 19, sect. 7. The offence of forgery at common law cannot be tried at the quarter sessions, nor can they take cognizance of it as a cheat. 2 Hawk. P. C. c. 8, sect. 64: 2 East, P. C. c. 19, sect. 7. The trial of forgery must be had in the county where the offence is committed, as the indictment can only be preferred in that county. In Scotland the punishment of forgery is not expressly laid down by statute, but the common law and practice of that country hath been to inflict a capital punishment in all cases of gross forgery. Bell's Scotch Law Dict. See further on this subject, Russel on Crimes, c. 27-34, where it is treated with great accuracy. FORGING, in smithery, the beating, or hammering iron on the anvil, after having first made it red-hot in the forge, to extend it into various forms, and fashion it into works. See FORGE. There are two ways of forging and hammering iron. One is by the force of the hand, in which there are usually several persons employed, one of them turning the iron and hammering likewise, and the rest only hammering. The other is by the force of a water-mill, which raises and works several huge hammers beyond the force cf man; under the strokes whereof the workmen present large lumps of iron, which are sustained at one end by the anvils, and at the other by iron chains fastened to the ceiling of the forge. This last way of forging is only used in the largest works, as anchors for ships, &c., which usually weigh several thousand pounds. For light works, a single man holds, beats, and turns, with one hand, while he hammers with the other. Each purpose the work is designed for requires its proper heat; for if it be too cold it will not feel the weight of the hammer, as the smiths call it, when it will not batter under the hammer; and, if it be too hot, it will red-sear, that is, break or crack under the hammer. The several degrees of heat the smiths give their iron are, 1. A blood-red heat; 2. A white flame heat; and 3. A sparkling, or welding heat. FORGET', v. a. Preter. forgot; part. FORGETFUL, adj. forgotten, or forgot; FORGET FULNESS, N. 3. Sax. rongytan; Dut. FORGET TER, n. s. vergeten; Swed. forgaFORGOT', Or ta; from for, a regular FORGOTTEN, pas. part.) prefix, and Goth. ga, geta, to heed, Thomson. To lose memory of; to let go from the remembrance; not to attend; to neglect; not retaining the memory of; causing oblivion; oblivious; inattentive; negligent; neglectful; careless: oblivion; cessa tion to remember; loss of memory; inattention; one that forgets; a careless person. Forgetfulness, 'says Crabbe', characterises the person; oblivion the state of the thing: the former refers to him who forgets, the latter to that which is forgotten: we blame a person for his forgetfulness; but we sometimes bury things in oblivion. Forget not thy friend in thy mind, and be not unmindful of himn in thy riches. Ecclus, xxxvii. 6. Can a woman forget her sucking child? Yea, they may forget; yet I will not forget thee. Isaiah xlix. 5. As though the erthe, there envye wolde Chaucer. Boke of the Duchesse. Thou hast dronke so muche hony of swete temporal richesses, and delices, and honours of this world, that Creatour. thou art dronken, and host forgotten Jesu Crist thy Id. The Tale of Melibeas. The church of England is grievously charged with forgetfulness of her duty. Hooker. That is not forgot When I am forgotten, as I shall be, Id. Id. I have read in ancient authors invitations to lay aside care and anxiety, and give a loose to that pleasing forgetfulness wherein men put off their characters of business. Steele. But when a thousand rolling years are past, So long their punishments and penance last, Whole droves of minds are by the driving god Compelled to drink the deep Lethean flood, In large forgetful draughts to steep the cares Of their past labours, and their irksome years. Dryden's Eneid. I, in fact, a real interest have, Which to my own advantage I would save; And, with the usual courtier's trick, intend To serve myself, forgetful of my friend. Prior. Thro' the long Strand together let us stray; With thee conversing, I forget the way. Gay. No sooner was our deliverance compleated, but we Atterbury. forgot our danger and our duty. Pope. Alive, ridiculous; and dead, forgot. The wild desires of men and toils of day; All birds and beasts lie hashed; sleep steals away And brings, descending through the silent air, A sweet forgetfulness of human care. Pope's Statius. FORGIVE', v. a. Sax. FoɲgiFan; Swed. FORGIVENESS, n. s. forgifiva, Teut. vergeben; FORGIV'ER, n. s. Scompounded of the privative for, and give. Signifies not to give the punishment that is due; to relax from the rigor of justice in demanding retribution: to remit what is due either on the score of demerit or any other obligation. To pardon a crime; not to exact debt or penalty. Forgiveness not only relates to the act but to the disposition-thus it implies clemency, placability, readiness to forgive. The people that dwell therein shall be forgiven their iniquity. Isaiah xxxiii. 24. The lord of that servant was moved with compassion, loosed him, and forgave him the debt. Matt. xviii. 27. To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveDaniel. nesses. Ye stars which are the poetry of heaven! If in your bright leaves we would read the fate Of men and empires, 'tis to be forgiven, That in our aspirations to be great, Our destinies o'erleap their mortal state, And claim a kindred with you for ye are A beauty and a mystery, and create In us such love and reverence from afar, That fortune, fame, power, life have named themselves Byron. Childe Harold. FORHA'IL, v. a. An old word. Probably for forhaul, from for and haul. To harass; tear; a star. torment. All this long tale Nought caseth the care that doth me forhail. Spenser's Past. FORK, n. s. & v. n. Saxon Fone; Welsh fforch; French fourche; Ital. forca; Lat. furca. An instrument divided at the end into two or more points or prongs, used on many occasions; to shoot into blades, as corn does out of the ground. It is sometimes used for the point of an arrow; a point; opening into two or more parts. It seizing, no way enter might; But back resounding, left the forkhead keen, Eftsoons it fled away, and might no where be seen. Faerie Queene. region of my heart. The bow is bent and drawn: make from the shaft. The -Let it fall rather, though the fork invade Shakspeare. King Lear. radish, with a head fantastically carved upon it with Naked, he was, for all the world, like a forked Shakspeare. a knife. Sometimes we see a cloud that's dragonish, A forked mountain, or blue promontory. Come, shall we go and kill us venison? And yet it irks me the poor dappled fools Should in their own confines, with forked heads, Have their round haunches gored. He would have spoke : Id. Id. But hiss for hiss returned, with forked tongue Ye dragons, whose contagious breath Peoples the dark retreats of death, Change your fierce hissing into joyful song, And praise your Maker with your forked tongue. Roscommon. The vicar first, and after him the crew, With forks and staves the felon to pursue, Ran Coll our dog. Dryden's Nun's Priest, The corn beginneth to fork. Mortimer's Husbandry. Several are amazed at the wisdom of the ancients, that represented a thunderbolt with three forks, since nothing could have better explained its triple quality of piercing, burning, and melting. Addison. The smiling infant in his hand shall take The crested basilisk and speckled snake; Pleased the green lustre of the scales survey, And with their forky tongue and pointless sting shall Pope's Messiah. I dine with forks that have but two prongs. play. Swift. In this heart-city, four main streams appear; One from the Hepar, where the tribute landeth, Largely pours out his purple river here; At whose wide mouth, a band of Tritons standeth, (Three Tritons stand) who with their three forked mace Drive on, and speed the river's flowing race; But strongly stop the wave, if once it back repass. Fletcher's Purple Island. Now, where the quick Rhone bath cleft her way, The mightiest of the storms hath ta'en his stand: For here not one, but make their play, many, And fling their thunder-bolts from hand to hand, Flashing and cast around: of all the band The brightest through these parted hills hath forked His lightnings, as if he did understand, That in such gaps as desolation worked, There the hot shaft should blast whatever therein Byron. Childe Harold. FORKS, TABLE, according to Voltaire, were in use on the continent in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries; but that they were a novelty in England in the reign of queen Elizabeth, is lurked. evident from the following passage in the first part of Fynes Morison's Itinerary, where, speaking of his bargain with the patron of the vessel which conveyed him from Venice to Constantinople, he says, 'We agreed with the master himself, who, for seven gold crowns by the month, paid by each of us, did courteously admit us to his table, and gave us good diet, serving each man with his knife, and spoone, and his forke (to hold the meat, while he cuts it, for they hold it ill manners that one should touch the meat with his hand), and with a glass or cup to drink in peculiar to himself.' Still farther, Thomas Croyate, who travelled in 1608, after describing with no small solemnity the manner of using them, in all parts of Italy;' adds, 'Hereupon I myself thought good to imitate the Italian fashion by this forked cutting of meate, not only while I was in Italy, but also in Germany, and oftentimes in England since I came home.' Thus they seem to have been introduced into Britain. FORLI, a considerable town of the Papal States, Italy, in the province of Romagna, at the confluence of the Rones and Montone. It is situated near the site of the ancient Forum Livii whence it had its name and first inhabitants. In 1521 the French defeated the Spanish and Papal forces near it; and on February 12th, 1797, the French army, under Buonaparte, entered it, after defeating the troops of pope Pius VI. It is a bishop's see, has various handsome public buildings, and a noble square. There is a manufacture of wax cloth. The town and the environs are fertile. Population 13,000. It lies fourteen miles S. S. W. of Ravenna, and thirty-three south-east of Bologna. FORLIMPOPOLI, a town of the Papal States, in the province of Romagna, formerly a bishop's see, but ruined in 1630, by the cardinal of Burgundy. It was anciently named Forum Populi, and stood on the Via Emilia; being one of the Fora, where the Roman magistrates had a court. The present population is 5800. It is three miles north of Bertinero. FORLORE', pret. & part. Sax. Forloɲen, FORLORN', adj. & n. s. from Fonleoɲan; FORLORN'NESS, n. s. Goth. forlora; Sw. forloren; Dat. verloren. Forlore is the old preterite and participle of this verb. Deserted; destitute; forsaken; wretched; helpless; solitary; taken away. This sense shows that it is the participle of an active verb, now lost: small; despicable: in a ludicrous sense; a lost, solitary, forsaken man: destitution; misery; solitude. For it is Cristes conseil that I say Such as Diana by the sandy shore When as night hath us of light forlorn, Spenser. What is become of great Acrates' son! Or where hath he hung up his mortal blade, That hath so many haughty conquests won? Is all his force forlorn, and all his glory done? Faerie Queene. What! hath some wolf thy tender lambs ytorn? Tell me, good Hobinol, what gars thee greet? Or is thy bagpipe broke, that sounds so sweet? Or art thou of thy loved lass forlorn? Spenser. In every place was heard the lamentation of women and children; every thing shewed the heaviness of the time, and seemed as altogether lost and forlorn. Knolles's History. Henry He was so forlorn, that his dimensions to any thick sight were invincible. Shakspeare. Henry IV. Is of a king become a banished man, And forced to live in Scotland a forlorn. Shakspeare. Thus fell the trees, with noise the desarts roar : The beasts their caves, the birds their nests forlore. Fairfax. Like a declining statesman, left forlorn To his friends' pity and pursuers' scorn. Criticks in plume, Who lolling on our foremost benches sit, FORLORN HOPE, in the military art, a body of men detached from several regiments, or otherwise, appointed, to make the first attack in the day of battle; or at a siege, to storm the counterscarp, mount the breach, &c. They are so called from the great danger to which they are unavoidably exposed. FORLI'E, v. n. From fore and lie. Το lie before. Knit with a golden baldric, which forlay Athwart her snowy breast, and did divide Her dainty paps, which, like young fruit in May, Now little 'gan to swell; and being tyed Through her thin weed, their places only signified. Faerie Queene. FORM, n. s. & v. a.` Fr.forme; Swed, and FOR MAL, adj. Dan. form; Lat. forma; FOR MALIST, n. s. probably from φορημα, δε FORMALITY, N. s. popɛw, to bear, signifies FORMALIZE, v. a. properly the image borne FORMATION, n. s. or stamped. It is used FORMATIVE, adj. with its derivatives, in a FORMER, n. s. great variety of senses, FOR MERLY, adv. which all however reFORM'LESS, adj. cognise the primary definition. Its generic meaning is being, as modified by a particular shape, or rather it is the ' essential, specifical, or distinguishing modification of the matter of which any thing is composed, so as thereby to give it such a peculiar manner of existence.' Thus it is applied to the external shape or appearance of any thing; to mere appearance; empty show; to elegance and beauty; to order, regularity, and method; to ceremonies and external rites; to established usage; ritual and prescribed mode. To form, signifies not merely to impress, to shape, and to methodise; but also to make out of materials, or out of nothing. The proper meaning of formal is, done according to established modes, rules, and methods: not irregular; not sudden; not extemporaneous; it also signifies ceremonious; solemn; precise; exact to affectation. The illustrations will show the various senses in which the other derivatives of form are used. Forma list is one who practises external ceremony; one who prefers appearance to reality; one who seems what he is not. Haue thou the fourme of hoolsum wordis whiche thou herdist of me in feith and loue in Crist Iesus. Wiclif. 2 Tymo. ii. And the earth was without form, and void. Genesis i. 2. God formed man of the dust of the ground. Id. ii. 7. It stood still; but I could not discern the form thereof. Job iv. 16. Isaiah liii. 2. Not a word spoke he more than was nede; And that was said in forme and reverence, And short and quike and full of high sentence. Chaucer. Prologue to Canterbury Tales. As in a fourme, sitteth a wery hare. He hath no form nor comeliness. Chaucer. The Shipmannes Tale. The same spirit which anointed the blessed soul of our Saviour Christ, doth so formalize, unite, and actuate his whole race, as if both he and they were so many limbs compacted into one body. Hooker. In definitions, whether they be framed larger to augment, or stricter to abridge the number of sacraments, we find grace expressly mentioned as their true essential form, and elements as the matter whereunto that form did adjoin itself. Id. He who affirmeth speech to be necessary amongst all men, throughout the world, doth not thereby import that all men must necessarily speak one kind of language; even so the necessity of policy and regimen in all churches may be held, without holding any one certain form to be necessary in them all. Id. You and your followers do stand formally divided against the authorised guides of the church, and the rest of the people. VOL. IX. Id. The justice, In fair round belly, with good capon lined, Shakspeare. As You Like It. Formal in apparel, In gait and countenance surely like a father. Shakspeare. Formally, according to our law, Depose him. I will not let him stir, Id. Till I have used the approved means I have; With wholesome syrups, drugs and holy prayers, To make of him a formal man again. When noble benefits shall prove Id. Not well disposed, the mind grown once corrupt, They turn to vicious forms, ten times more ugly Than ever they were fair. Id. Henry VIII. As there are formal and written leagues, respective to certain enemies; so there is a natural and tacit confederation amongst all men against the common enemies of human society, so as there needs no intimation or denunciation of the war; but all these formalities the law of nature supplies, as in the case of pirates. Bacon. It is a ridiculous thing, and fit for a satyr to persons of judgment, to see what shifts formalists have, and what prospectives to make superficies to seem a body that hath depth and bulk. Id. Ceremonies be not to be omitted to strangers and formal natures; but the exalting them above the mean is not only tedious, but doth diminish the credit of him that speaks. Id. A long table, and a square table, or a seat about the walls, seem things of form, but are things of substance; for at a long table, a few at the upper end, in effect, sway all the business; but in the other form, there is more use of the counsellors' opinions that sit lower. Id. Essays. They inferred, if the world were a living creature, it had a soul and spirit, by which they did not intend God, for they did admit of a deity besides, but only the soul, or essential form of the universe. Id. Natural History. That the parliaments of Ireland might want no decent or honourable form used in England, he caused a particular act to pass, that the lords of Ireland should appear in parliament robes. Davies. Nor are constant forms of prayer more likely to flat and hinder the spirit of prayer and devotion, than unpremeditated and confused variety to distract and lose King Charles. it. Many a worthy man sacrifices his peace to formulities of compliment and good manners. L'Estrange. He that will look into many parts of Asia and America, will find men reason there perhaps as acutely as himself, who yet never heard of a syllogism, nor can reduce any one argument to those forms. Locke. The wonderful art and providence of the contriver and former of our bodies, appears in the multitude of intentions he must have in the formation of several parts for several uses. Ray on the Creation. A grave, staunch, skilfully managed face, set upon a grasping aspiring mind, having got many a sly form alist the reputation of a primitive and severe piety. South. Complicated ideas, growing up under observation, give not the same confusion, as if they were all offered to the mind at once, without your observing the original and formation of them. Watts. If a chair be defined a seat for a single person, with a back belonging to it, then a stool is a seat for a single person without a back; and a form is a seat for seve ral persons, without a back. Id. Windows and doors in nameless sculptures drest, With order, symmetry, or taste unblest, Forms like some bedlam statuary's dream The crazed creation of misguided whim. Burns. So when ill-fated Orpheus tuned to woe His Highness, the sublimest of mankind,- Some seek devotion, toil, war, good, or crime, According as their souls were formed to sink or climb. Id. But Juan seasoned, as he might well be, Which passed, or catch the first glimpse of the cliffs. By former voyages, stood to watch the skiffs Id. FORM, among sportsmen, is the spot in which the hare takes her seat at the dawn of day, to secrete herself. When found sitting, she is said to be in her form. Hares vary their places of sitting according to the season, the sun, and the wind. Soon after harvest they are found in wheat, barley, and oat stubbles, and in rushy grass moors: when these become bare, they retire to coverts, banks, and hedges In the spring |