Is it for you to ravage seas and land, Unauthorized by my supreme command ? Dryden. His sire already signs him for the skies, And marks the seat amidst the deities. Notwithstanding. Id. This, for any thing we know to the contrary, might be the self-same form which Philojudæus expresseth. Hooker. God's desertion shall, for aught he knows, the next minute supervene. Decay of Piety. Probability supposes that a thing may or may not be so, for any thing yet certainly determined on either side. South If such vast masses of matter had been situated nearer to the sun, or to each other, as they might as easily have been, for any mechanical or fortuitous agent, they must necessarily have caused a considerable disorder in the whole system. Bentley. Swift. For any thing that legally appears to the contrary, it may be a contrivance to fright us. To the use of; to be used in. He is not very tall, yet for his years he's tall. Shakspeare. As he could see clear, for those times, through superstition; so he would be blinded, now and then, by human policy. Exalted Socrates! divinely brave! Bacon. Too noble for revenge. Dryden's Juvenal. By means of; by interposition of. Moral consideration can no way move the sensible appetite, were it not for the will. Hale. Of some calamity we can have no relicf but from God alone; and what would men do in such a case, if it were not for God? Tillotson. In regard of; in preservation of; I cannot for my life, is, I cannot if my life might be saved by it. I bid the rascal knock upon your gate; Shakspeare. For all. Notwithstanding. For all the carefulness of the Christians the Enghish bulwark was undermined by the enemy, and upon the fourth of September part thereof was blown Knolles's History. But as Noah's pigeon, which returned no more, Did shew she footing found for all the flood. Davies. ap. If we apprehend the greatest things in the world of the emperor of China or Japan, we are well enough contented, for all that, to let them govern at home. Stillingfleet. She might have passed over my businesses; but my rabble is not to be mumbled up in silence, for all her pertness. Dryden. For all his exact plot, down was he cast from all his greatness, and forced to end his days in a mean condition. South. For to. In the language used two centuries ago for was commonly used before to, the sign of the infinitive mood, to note the final cause. in the same sense with the French pour. Thus As, I come for to see you, for I love to see you: it is used in the translation of the Bible. But this distinction was by the best writers sometimes forgotten; and for, by wrong use, appearing superfluous, is now always omitted. But, for to tellen you of his araie,— Chaucer. Prologue to Cant. Tales. On this vile body for to wreak my wrong? A large posterity Up to your happy palaces may mount, Spenser. These things may serve for to represent how just cause of fear this kingdom may have towards Spain. Bacon. FOR, Conj. The word by which the reason is introduced of something advanced before. Goth now your way, 'quod he,' al stille and soft, And let us dine as sone as that ye may, For by my kalendar it is prime of day. Chaucer. The Shipmannes Tale. Heaven doth with us as we with torches deal, Not light them for themselves; for if our virtues Did not go forth of us, 'twere all alike As if we had them not. Shakspeare. Measure for Measure. Tell me what kind of thing is wit: For the first matter loves variety less. Cowley. Old husbandmen I at Sabinum know, Who for another year dig, plough, and sow; For never any man was yet so old, But hoped his life one Winter more would hold. Denham. For the hope of happiness, said he, is so strongly impressed, that the longest experience is not able to efface it. Johnson's Rasselas. Nor swelled his breast with uncouth pride, That heaven on him above his charge had laid ; But, for his great Creator would the same, His will increased; so fire augmenteth flame. Many excrescences of trees grow chiefly where the tree is dead or faded; for that the natural sap of the tree corrupteth into some preternatural substance. Bacon's Natural History. For as much. In regard to that; in consideration of. For as much as in publick prayer we are not only, to consider what is needful, in respect of God; but there is also in men that which we must regard: we somewhat incline to length, lest overquick dispatch should give occasion to deem that the thing itself is but little accounted of. Hooker. For as much as the thirst is intolerable, the patient may be indulged the free use of spa water. ard the lungs are open; generally reckoned one of the temporary parts of the foetus, wherein it differs from an adult; although almost all anatomists assure us, that the foramen ovale has sometimes been found in adults. See FOETUS. FORAM'INOUS, adj. From Lat. foramen. Full of holes; perforated in many places; po rous. Soft and foraminous bodies, in the first creation of the sound, will deaden it; but in the passage of the sound they will admit it better than harder bodies. Bacon's Natural History. FORBEAR, v. n. pret. & v. a. FORBEARANCE, N. s. Arbuthnot. For why. Because; for this reason that. Solyman had three hundred fieldpieces; for why, Solyman purposing to draw the emperor into battle, had brought no pieces of battery with him. Knolles. FORʼAGE, v. n., v. a. & n. s. From Lat. foris, abroad; Germ. and Fr. fourrage. To wander far; to rove at a distance; to wander in search of spoil, generally of provisions for an army; to ravage; to feed on spoil; to plunder; to strip; to spoil. Provisions in general; provisions sought abroad; search of provisions; the act of feeding abroad. They will both strengthen all the country round, and also be as continual holds for her majesty, if the people should revolt; for without such it is easy to forage and over-run the whole land. Spenser. He wearie sate To rest himselfe, foreby a fountaine syde, To meet displeasure farther from the doors, And grapple with him, ere he come so nigh. Shakspeare. Id. His most mighty father on a hill Stood smiling, to behold his lion's whelp Forage in blood of French nobility. One way a band select from forage drives A herd of beeves, fair oxen, and fair kine, From a fat meadow ground; or fleecy flock, Ewes and their bleating lambs, over the plains Their booty. Milton's Paradise Lost. The victorious Philistines were worsted by the captivated ark, which foraged their country more than a conquering army. Some o'er the publick magazines preside, And some are sent new forage to provide. Nor dare they stray South. Dryden. Id. When rain is promised or a stormy day; But near the city walls their watering take, Nor forage far, but short excursions make. Id. Provided forage, our spent arms renewed. FORAMEN, in anatomy, a name given to several apertures or perforations in divers parts of the body; as, 1. The external and internal foramen of the cranium or skull. 2. The foramina in the upper and lower jaw. 3. Foramen lachrymale. 4. Foramen membranæ tympani. See ANATOMY. FORAMEN OVALE, an oval aperture or passage through the heart of a foetus, which closes up after birth. It arises from the coronal vein, near the right auricle, and passes directly into the left auricle of the heart, serving for the circulation of the blood in the foetus, till the infant breathes, FORBEARER, N. s. I forbore, anciently forbare; part. forborn; Sax. Foɲbænan. For has in composition the power of privation, as forbear; or depravation, as forswear; and other powers not easily explained.-Dr. Johnson. To cease from any thing; to intermit; to pause; to delay; to omit voluntarily; not to do; to abstain; to restrain any violence of temper; to be patient; to decline; to avoid voluntarily; to spare; to treat with clemency; to withhold. The noun is used in all these senses. Forbearer, in addition to intermitter, signifies an interceptor of any thing; as well as that which does not yield, bear, or bring forth. Forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me, that he destroy thee not. 2 Chron. xxxv. 21. With all lowliness and meekness, with long suffering, forbearing one another in love. Eph. iv. 2. Ye shul understond also, that Fasting stont in three thinges in forbering of bodily mete and drinke; in forbering of worldly jolitee; and in forbering of dedly sinne; this is to say, that a man shall kepe him fro dedly sinne with all his might. Tusser Chaucer. The Persones Tale. The West as a father all goodness doth bring, The East a forbearer, no manner of thing. But by what meanes that shame to her befell, And how thereof herselfe she did acquite, I must awhile forbeare to you to tell; Till that, as comes by course, I doe recite What fortune to the Briton prince did lite. Spenser. Faerie Queene. Have a continent forbearance, 'till the speed of his rage goes slower. Shakspeare. King Lear. Forbear his presence, until time hath qualified the heat of his displeasure. True nobleness would Learn him forbearance from so foul a wrong. I pray you, tarry: pause a day or two, Before you hazard; for in chusing wrong, Id. Shakspeare. I lose your company; therefore forbear a while. Id. The wolf, the lion, and the bear, To quarrel with themselves forbear. Denham. If it passed only by the house of peers, it should be looked upon as invalid and void, and execution should be thereupon forborn or suspended. Clarenden. At this he started, and forbore to swear; Not out of conscience of the sin, but fear. Dryden. Liberty is the power a man has to do, or forbear doing, any particular action, according as its doing or forbearance has the actual preference in the mind. Locke. There is not any one action whatsoever which a man ought to do, or to forbear, but the Scripture will give him a clear precept or prohibition for it. South. This may convince us how vastly greater a pleasure is consequent upon the forbearance of sin, than can possibly accompany the commission of it. Id. Nor do I take notice of this instance of severity in our own country to justify such a proceeding, but only to display the mildness and forbearance made use of under the reign of his present majesty. Addison's Freeholder. Who can forbear to admire and adore him who weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance. Cheyne. FORBES (Duncan), Esq. of Culloden, an eminent Scots lawyer and judge, born in 1685. By the advice of his friends he early applied himself to the civil law; in which he made a quick progress, and in 1709 was admitted an advocate. From 1722 to 1737 he represented the boroughs of Inverness, &c. In 1725 he was made king's advocate; and in 1737 Lord President. In 1744 and 1745 he espoused the royal cause, and almost ruined his private fortune; but government did not make him the smallest recompense. He was well versed in the Hebrew language; and wrote some treatises concerning natural and revealed religion. He died in 1747, in the sixty-second year of his age; and his works have since been published in 2 vols. 8vo. FORBES (Patrick), bishop of Aberdeen, was born in 1654, when the affairs of the church of Scotland were in much confusion; to the settlement of which he greatly contributed. As chancellor of the university of Aberdeen, he improved that seat of learning by repairing the fabric, augmenting the library, and reviving the professorships. He published a Commentary on the Revelations, at London, 1613; and died in 1635. FORBES (John), the son of Patrick, also bishop of Aberdeen; but was expelled by the Covenanters, and forced to fly beyond sea. Upon his return, he lived privately on an estate at Corse, till he died at 1648. His works were printed in 2 vols. folio, in Amsterdam in 1703. Historical and Theological Institutes have been highly valued. His FORBES (William), born in 1585, was the first bishop of Edinburgh. His ill health and the anti-episcopal disposition of the Scots, confined him chiefly to a retired life and he died three months after his consecration in 1634. FORBES (Sir William), was born in 1739 at Pitsligo, in Scotland. Born to the inheritance of an ample fortune, he early devoted himself to the promotion of the commercial interests of his country, and was, in conjunction with the late Sir James Hunter Blair, the founder of the well known banking establishment at Edinburgh which bears their name. In his youth he had devoted much of his time to the study of literature; and, during the course of his long life, he never lost sight of those literary pursuits which early association had endeared to him, and which relieved the pressure of his more serious avocations, and lent a distinguished grace to his character. Si W. Forbes was one of the earliest members of the celebrated literary club which boasted amongst its illustrious associates the names of Johnson, Reynolds, Garrick, and Burke. The literary leisure of his latter days was devoted to the drawing up an account of the life and writings of his friend Dr. Beattie, which was published in 2 vols. 4to. 1806. He died at his seat near Edinburgh in 1806, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. FORBES (James), an accomplished modern writer, was born in London in 1749, and early sent out by the East India Company to Bombay as a cadet. While in India he traversed various parts of that continent, making observations and forming drawings of every thing worthy of notice. He returned to England with an ample fortune in 1784. At the rupture of the peace of Amiens, he was detained with the other English visitors in France, but obtained his release after a stay of a few months, at the request of the National Institute. He died at Aix-la-Chapelle, August 1st, 1819. Mr. Forbes was the author of Letters from France, 2 vols. 8vo. Reflections on the Character of the Hindoos, 8vo. and Oriental Memoirs, 4 vols. 4to. splendidly illustrated with nearly 100 plates. S FORBID', v. a. & v. n. Pret. I forbade ; FORBID DANCE, n. s. part. forbidden or forFORBIDDINGLY, adv. bid. Saxon, ForbeoFORBIDDER, n. s. dan; Gothic, forbu FORBIDDING, part. adj.) da; Dut. verbieden. To prohibit; to interdict any thing; to command to forbear any thing; to oppose; to hinder: to accurse, to blast; in this sense obsolete: to utter a prohibition. Forbiddance signifies an edict against any thing: to do any thing forbiddingly is to do it in an unlawful manner. Forbidding, the participial adjective, is used to signify raising abhorrence, repelling approach; causing aversion. forboden, but eke the desire to don that sinne. Here may ye see, that not only the dede of this is Chaucer. The Persones Tale. Trouth is a thing that I wol ever kepe Id. The Chanones Yemannes Tale. Spenser's Faerie Queenc. Shakspeare. Coriolanus. Sleep shall neither night nor day Hang upon his penthouse lid; He shall live a man forbid. Id. Macbeth. A witch, a quean, an old cozening quean; have I not forbid her my house? Shakspeare. With all confidence he swears, as he had seen't, That you have touched his queen forbidden'y. Id Dryden's Eneid. Tragedy was made forbidding and horrible. A. Hill. We left our hero and third heroine in A kind of state more awkward than uncommon; For gentlemen must sometimes risk their skin For that sad tempter, a forbidden woman. Byron. FORCADO RIO, a river of Waree, in Africa, said to rise from a source far inland, and to have a winding course. It is about two English FORCE, n. s. & v. a. miles broad, but so shallow as not to be navigable for vessels of more than seven or eight feet water. Its banks are covered with trees, and produce a species of colored stones. The Portuguese carry on a trade here in slaves. Lat. 6° N. Fr. force; Lat. fortis. Literally it signifies the exertion of strength: it is however applied to persons, words, and things, in a variety of senses, all of them, however, to be easily resolved into the primary meaning. Force is power in action, either physical, mechanical, legal, military, moral, or literary. To force is to compel; to overpower; to impel.-In the active sense it also signifies to lay stress upon. Dr. Johnson says this word he only found in the passage quoted below from Camden's Remains. Thou shalt not destroy the trees by forcing an ax against them. Deuteronomy xx. 19. FOR CIBLENESS, n. s. FOR CIBLY, adv. How forcible are right words! Job. Hebrews ix. For certes, by no force, ne by no mede, Him thought he wos not able for to spede, For she was strong of frendes. Chaucer. The Doctoures Tale. I can not se ne why ne how, Chaucer. Romaunt of the Rose. He himself with greedy great desire Into the castle entered forcibly. Faerie Queene. Manifest it is, that the very majesty and holiness of the place where God is worshipped, hath, in regard of us, great virtue, force, and efficacy; for that it serveth as a sensible help to stir up devotion. That morning that he was to join battle with Harold, his armorer put on his backpiece before, and his breastplate behind; the which being espied by some that stood by, was taken among them for an ill token, and therefore advised him not to fight that day; to whom if I have any skill in soothsaying, as in sooth I have the duke answered, I force not of such fooleries; but none, it doth prognosticate that I shall change copy from a duke to a king. Camden's Remains. The secret of the power of Spain consisteth in a veteran army, compounded of miscellany forces of all nations. Bacon. Stooping, the spear descended on his chine, Just where the bone distinguished either loin: It stuck so fast, so deeply bury'd lay, That scarce the victor forced the steel away. Dryden. He stumbled on to try if he could find A path to add his own slight arm and forces, To corps the greatest part of which were corses. Byron. FORCE, in philosophy, denotes the cause of the change in the state of a body, when being at rest, it begins to move, or has a motion which is either not uniform or not direct. While a body remains in the same state, either of rest or of uniform and rectilinear motion, the cause of its remaining in such a state is in the nature of the body, and it cannot be said that any extrinsic force has acted on it. This internal cause or principle is called Inertia. Mechanical forces may be reduced to two sorts; one of a body at rest, the other of a body in motion. The force of a body at rest, is that which we conceive to be in a body lying still, on a table, or hanging by a rope, or supported by a spring, &c., and this is called by the names of pressure, tension, force, or vis mortua, solicitatio, conatus movendi, conamen, &c. To this class also of forces we must refer centripetal and centrifugal forces, though they reside in a body in motion; because these forces are homogeneous to weights, pressures, or tensions of any kind. The force of a body in motion is a power residing in that body so long as it continues its motion; by means of which it is able to remove obstacles lying in its way; to lessen, destroy, or overcome the force of any other moving body, which meets it in an opposite direction; or to surmount any dead pressure or resistance, as tension, gravity, friction, &c., for some time; but which will be lessened or destroyed by such resistance as lessens or destroys the motion of the body. This is called vis motrix, moving force, and by some late writers vis viva, to distinguish it from the vis mortua spoken of before; and by these appellations, however different, the same thing is understood by all mathematicians, viz. that power of displacing, of withstanding opposite moving forces, or of overcoming any dead resistance, which resides in a moving body, and which, in whole or in part, continues to accompany See MECHAit, so long as the body moves. NICS. FORCE, COMPARATIVE, OF MEN AND Horses. There are several curious as well as useful observations in Desagulier's Experimental Philosophy, concerning the comparative forces of men and horses, and the best way of applying them. A horse draws with the greatest advantage when the line of direction is level with his breast; in such a situation, he is able to draw 200 pounds eight hours a day, walking about two miles and a half, an hour. And if the same horse is made to draw 240 pounds he can work but six hours a day, and cannot go quite so fast. On a carriage, indeed, where friction alone is to be overcome, a middling horse will draw 1000 pounds. But the best way to try a horse's force is by making him draw up out of a well, over a single pulley or roller; and in such a case, one horse with another will draw 200 pounds. Five men are found to be equal in strength to one horse, and can, with as much ease, push round the horizontal beam of a mill, in a walk forty feet wide; whereas three men will do it in a walk only nineteen feet wide. The worst way of applying the force of a horse, is to make him carry or draw up hill; for if the hill be steep, three men will do more than a horse, each man climbing up faster with a burden of 100 pounds weight, than a horse that is loaded with 300 pounds, a difference which is owing to the position of the parts of the human body being better adapted to climb than those of a horse. On the other hand, the best way of applying the force of a horse, is in an horizontal direction, wherein a man can exert least force; thus a man, weighing 140 pounds and drawing a boat along by means of a rope coming over his shoulders, cannot draw above twenty-seven pounds, or exert above one-seventh part of the force of a horse employed to the same purpose. The very best and most effectual posture in a man, is that of rowing; wherein he not only acts with more muscles at once for overcoming the resistance, than in any other position; but as he pulls backwards, the weight of his body assists by way of lever. See Desaguliers, Exp. Phil. vol. i. p. 241; where we have several other observations relative to force acquired by certain positions of the body, from which that author accounts for most feats of strength and activity. See also a Memoire on this subject by M. de la Hire, in |