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The reservoir G may be of any form or dimension which is convenient; the principal part of the machinery consisting of a square vessel,

And 'gan abbor her brood's unkindly crime All were they born of her own native slime.

Spenser.

Wisdom and goodness to the vile seem vile;

AD, bent in the form of an inverted syphon. Filths favour but themselves. Shakspeare. King Lear.

The curve may be circular, elliptic, or in any other direction, and made of block-tin. This vessel is filled with fine sand, till nearly the height of the dotted line ry, which denotes the ascent of the water to D, whence it flows into the receiver. To the part marked AB, which must always be above this line (according to the size of the filtering machine), a woollen bag is attached, open at the top, the lower part of which touches the sand: this collects the coarsest impurities, and preserves the sand for a longer time from becoming foul. It is evident that the water flows at A, through the bag into the filter, and rises at the place marked D, which is considerably lower than the former.

In large machines a water-tight trap-door may be made at F, for the purpose of removing the sand when it is overcharged with impurities. The small diameter of the machine from which the drawing was taken was eight Paris inches from B to E; the perpendicular height of the lower side, from C, its basis, to the rim D, whence the water issues, four inches and one-twelfth; the opposite height of the mouth, A B, eight inches and three-fourths; and the height of the sand on the side marked D, three inches and onesixth. A machine of these dimensions will furnish about three quarts of water in an hour, or eighteen gallons in twenty-four hours. This quantity, however, being too large in proportion to the size of the machine, it is advisable to prolong the stratum of sand, in order to reduce the filtration of the water to half the quantity above stated, and to obtain it in greater purity.

Thus a filtering apparatus eighteen inches long from A to D, two inches thick, and four broad, would afford every hour six pints of very pure

water.

The society of Arts, &c., voted their silver medal, in the session of 1810, to Mr. W. Moult, Bedford Square, for his new method of apply. ing the filtering stone, for purifying water. The method of using this stone is that of placing it in the water to be purified; by which means the water presses against the outside of the filter, and, oozing through its pores, fills the stone, from which it is to be conveyed into a proper receptacle. The stone is suspended in the cistern by a ring round the inside of it, upon which a projecting part round the top of the stone rests. The impurities are thus left at the bottom of the cistern, instead of at the bottom of the stone.

FILTER, OF FILTRE, from pλrpov or piλew I love, is also a charm, supposed to have a virtue of inspiring love. This is more properly written PHILTER, which see. FILTH, n. s. Sax. Filo, from fýlan, FILTH'ILY, adv. to defile; Goth. fyla; FILTH'INESS, 7. 8. (Teut. foulheit. Dirt; polFILTHY, adj. lution; uncleanness; cor

uption.

How perfect then is man? from head to foot Defiled with filth, and rotten at the root. Sandys. They held this land, and with their filthiness Pluted this same gentle soil long time,

That their own mother loathed their beastliness,

Fair is foul, and foul is fair; Hover through the fog and filthy air. Id. Macbeth. Neither may you trust waters that taste sweet; for they are commonly found in rising grounds of great cities, which must needs take in a great deal of filth. Bacon's Natural History. Little would neatness of vestures avail us with a futhy soul. Bp. Hall's Contemplations. Men of virtue suppressed it, lest their shining should discover the other's filthiness. Sidney.

Such do likewise exceedingly dispose us to piety and religion, by purifying our souls from the dross and filth of sensual delights. Tillotson.

As all stories are not proper subjects for an epick poem or a tragedy, so neither are they for a noble picture: the subjects both of the one and of the other ought to have nothing of immoral, low, or filthy in them. Dryden's Dufresnoy.

It struck filthily in the camel's stomach that bulls, hears, and the like, should be armed, and that a creature of his size should be left defenceless.

L'Estrange.

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With telling of the moldwarp and the ant,
And of a dragon and a finless fish.

Id. Henry IV. It is described like sissipedes, or birds which have their feet or claws divided; whereas it is palmipedous or fin-footed, like swans and geese, according to the method of nature in latirostrous or flat-billed birds; which being generally swimmers, the organ is wisely contrived unto the action, and they are framed with fins or oars upon their feet. Browne.

Thus at half-ebb a rolling sea
Returns, and wins upon the shore;
The watry herd, affrighted at the roar,

Rest on their fins awhile, and stay,

Then backward take their wond'ring way.

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They plough up the turf with a broad finned plough. Mortimer.

While black with storms the ruffled ocean rolls, And from the fisher's art defends her finny shoals. Blackmore.

With hairy springes we the birds betray;
Slight lines of hair surprize the finny prey. Pope.
Their fins consist of a number of gristly bones, long
and slender, like pins and needles.
More.

-Her playful sea-horse woos her soft commands,
Turns his quick ears, his webbed claws expands,
His watery way with waving volutes wins,
Or listening librates on unmoving fins.

But ye were safe, ye finny brood,
And safely stemmed your native flood,
Secure around his float to glide,
And dash the' unbaited hook aside.

Darwin.

Sheridan.

Oft from out it leaps

The finny darter with the glittering scales,

Who dwells and revels in thy glassy deeps; While chance some scattered water-lily sails

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There be many examples where sea-fights have Leen final to the war. Bacon. Henry spent his reign in establishing himself, and had neither leisure nor opportunity to undertake the final conquest of Ireland. Davies on Ireland,

Not any house of noble English in Ireland was utterly destroyed, or finally rooted out by the hand of justice, but the house of Desmond only. The final absence of God is hell itself.

Id.

Bp. Hall's Contemplations.

And over them triumphant death his dart Shook; but delayed to strike, though oft invoked With vows, as their chief good, and final hope. Milton.

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no men's sins to answer for but their own. Your answering in the final cause, makes me believe you are at a loss for the efficient. Collier.

FINALE, a town of the territory of the king of Sardinia, once belonging to the Genoese. It is situated on the Di Ponente, at the end of a beautiful valley, and consists of two parts, half a league distant from each other; the one called

Down where the shallower wave still tells its bubbling Finale Borgo, standing on a hill, the other Finale

tales.

See FINE.

Byron.

FI'NABLE. FI'NAL, adj. Fr. fin, final; Ital. fino; FINALLY, adv. Lat. finis, finalis. Ultimate; FINE, n. s. last; decisive; conclusive; mortal: finally follows these senses: fine, in this sense, is sometimes used as a substantive for end, conclusion; but more commonly with in, as in fine;' meaning, adverbially, to conclude; sum up all.

Forsothe the most soveraine and finall perfeccion of man is in knowynge of a sothe, withouten any entent decevable, and in love of one very God, that is inchaungeable, that is to knowe, and love bis creatour. Chaucer.

At last resolved to work his final smart, He lifted up his hand, but back again did start. Spenser's Faerie Queene. Some things in such sort are allowed, that they be also required as necessary unto salvation, by way of direct, immediate, and proper necessity final; so that, without performance of them, they cannot by ordinary

Marino, situated along the shore. The latter has an insecure harbour. Both towns are well built, and are defended by three forts. The adjacent country, formerly the marquisate of Finale, is very productive in olives, oranges, and fruits. It has repeatedly been the scene of military operations, especially in the outset of Buonaparte's career in April, 1796, and at the time of the successes of the Austrians in 1800. The population of the whole is 7000. Twentythree miles north-east of Oneglia, and thirty-five south-west of Genoa.

FINANCE', n. s. Fr. finance. Revenue; FINANCIAL, adj.income; the science of naFINANCIER'. n. s.. Stional income and expenditure: financial is relating to or respecting finance: financier, one skilled in, or a collector of the public revenue.

Bacon.

This sort of finance hath been increased. The residue of these ordinary finances he casual or uncertain; as be the escheats and forfeitures.

Id.

His pretence for making war upon his neighbours was their piracies, though he practised the same trade when he was straitened in his finances at the siege of Byzantium. Arbuthnot. It was thought long justly no small proof of national strength and financial skill. Burke.

FI'NARY, n. s. From To fine. In the iron works, the second forge at the iron mills. FINCASTLE, the capital of Bottecourt county, Virginia, and situated on the east side of Catabaw Creek, a branch of James River. It is 116 miles west of Richmond.

age of ninety-five.
medicine, and the mathematics.
FIND, v. a. Sax. Fyndan; M. Goth. findan;
FIND ER, n.s. Sw. Goth. finna; Teut. finden;
FIND FAULT. Belg. vinden. To discover;
obtain by search; meet with; feel; know; attain:
hence to settle; determine by judicial verdict;
supply to find in one's heart,' is to discover
there: to find one's self,' is to perceive, or be
conscious of, any particular or general state
of one's health or affairs: the adverb gives
intensity to this verb, in the first sense specified.
A finder is a discoverer; inventor; one who
meets with or falls upon any thing. A find-fault,
a censurer.

He wrote on astronomy,

FINCH (Heneage), first earl of Nottingham, was the son of Heneage Finch, recorder of the city of London. He was born in 1621, and educated at Westminster school, and Christchurch, Oxford, whence he removed to the Inner Temple. At the Restoration his reputation as a lawyer raised him to the post of solicitorgeneral, in which capacity he exerted great zeal in the prosecution of the regicides. In 1661 he was elected member for the university of Oxford, and obtained a baronetcy. Six years afterwards he took a prominent part in the impeachment of find out the Almighty unto perfection?

Seke ye and ye schulen fynde, knocke ye and it schal be openyd to you. For ech that axith takith, and he that sekith fyndith: and to a man that knockith: it schal be openyd. Wiclif. Luk. xi. Whereas thou hast searched all my stuff, what hast thou found of all the household stuff?

the earl of Clarendon. In 1670 he became attorney-general, and succeeded the earl of Shaftesbury in 1673, as lord-keeper. In two years afterwards he attained the chancellorship. In 1681 he was created earl of Nottingham, but survived his elevation little more than a year. Dryden has handed down to posterity his portrait in Absalom and Achitophel, under the character of Amri. Several of his speeches on the trials of the judges of Charles I. have been published, as have also some of his parliamentary orations, his powers as an orator having been highly regarded.

FINCH (Daniel), son of the preceding, born in 1647, was a member of the privy-council which caused James II. to be proclaimed; he never, however, sat at the board, or visited the court during the reign of that monarch. On his abdication he exerted himself strongly in favor of a regency. But this did not prevent his acting as secretary of state under William and Mary, though he is said to have declined the chancellorship. In 1704 he went out of office, but acted as one of the lords justices on the death of queen Anne, in whom the administration of affairs was vested till George I.'s arrival. In 1716 he retired from public life, and died in 1730, having been the author of an eloquent reply to Whiston on the subject of the Trinity.

FINCK (Thomas), a celebrated Danish mathematician, was a native of Flensburg in South Jutland, and received his education at Strasburgh. After visiting other universities he went to Basil, and there published a geometrical treatise which established his fame. He afterwards studied at Padua and Pisa, and returning to Basil took the degree of M.D. in 1587. Having travelled in Germany and the north of Europe, he settled at Gottorp as a physician. In 1591 he was appointed professor of mathematics in the university of Copenhagen: in 1602 he was made professor of rhetoric; and in 1603 professor of medicine. He was likewise president and administrator of the Royal Economical School and Corporation, and d.ed in 1656, at the

Gen. xxxi. 37.
Canst thou by searching find out God? Canst thou
Job ii.
They are glad when they can find the grave.
Id. iii.

When he hath found his sheep, he layeth it on his
shoulders rejoicing.
Luke xv. 5.

The fox that first this cause of grief did find,
'Gan first thus plain his case with words unkind.
Hubberd.

In my school days, when I had lost one shaft,
I shot his fellow of the self-same flight
The self-same way, with more advised watch,
To find the other forth; by vent'ring both,

I oft found both. Shakspeare. Merchant of Venice.
His peers, upon this evidence,

Have found him guilty of high treason.
Shakspeare.
We will bring the device to the bar, and crown thee
for a finder of madmen. Id. Twelfth Night.

We are the makers of manners, Kate; and the liberty that follows our places, stops the mouth of all find faults. Shakspeare.

If he have several dwellings, let him sort them so, that what he wanteth in the one he may find in the

other.

Bacon.

They would enforce them to find as they would direct; and if they did not, convent, imprison, and

fine them.

Id.

A war with Spain is like to be lucrative, if we go roundly on at first; the war in continuance will find itself.

Some lewd squeaking cryer,
May gall the finder's conscience, if they meet.

O yes! if any happy eye
This roving wanton shall descry,
Let the finder surely know
Mine is the wag; 'tis I that owe
The winged wand'rer.

How oft will he

Of thy changed faith complain!

And his fortunes find to be
So airy and so vain!

Id.

Donne.

Crashaw

Cowley.

"Tis but because there was no wind.
They build on sands, which if unmoved they find,

Some men

Id.

The marks of old and catholick would find. Id.
A bird that flies about,

And beats itself against the cage,
Finding at last no passage out,
It sits and sings.

18.

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He was afraid of being insulted with Greek; for which reason he 'desired a friend to find him out a clergyman rather of plain sense than much learning. Addison's Spectator.

It is agreeable to compare the face of a great man with the character, and to try if we can find out in his looks and features either the haughty, cruel, or merciful temper. Addison.

She drilled him on to five-and-fifty, and will drop him in his old age, if she can find her account in another. Id.

There are agents in nature able to make the particles of bodies stick together by very strong attractions, and it is the business of experimental philosophy to find

them out.

Newton.

If we suppose a man perfectly accommodated, and trace him through all the gradations betwixt necessity and superfluity, we shall find that the slavery which occasioned his first activity, is not abated, but only diversified. Steele.

The bad must miss, the good unsought shall find. Pope.

We oft review, each finding like a friend Something to blame, and something to commend. Id.

There watchful at the gate they find
Suspicion with her eyes behind.

Dodsley's Miscellanies. When we are old our friends find it difficult to please us, and are less concerned whether we be pleased or Swift. Pride is a vice, which pride itself inclines every man to find in others, and to overlook in himself. Johnson.

not.

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Byron. Plump;

FINDY, adj. Saxon gefindig. weighty; firm; solid. Not used. Thus the proverb,

A cold May and a windy,
Makes the barn fat and findy;

means that it stores the barn with plump and firm grain. Junius.

FINE, adj. & v. a. Sax. Fijn; Goth. fin, FINE DRAW, v. a. thyn; Belg. fyn; Teut. FINE FINGERED, adj. fein; Swed. and Fr. FINELY, adv. fin; Ital. fino; French FINE'NESS, n. s. fien; Icel. fynner (poFINER, lished, beautiful). Dr. FINERY, Johnson says perhaps FINE'SPOKEN, adj. from Lat. finitus, comFINE'SPUN. pleted: Minsheu, à Gr. parvo, to shine. Pure, clear, subtle; pellucid, transparent; nice; delicate in texture; slender: hence skilful; elegant; beautiful; and, by easy transition, over-wrought; tawdry; showy; wretched; mean; and, metaphorically, artful, sly; fraudulently subtle: as a verb, to fine is to purify; make pure or transparent; make less coarse; embellish. To finedraw is to sew up rents with nicety; fine-fingered is nice; artful; delicate a finer is applied particularly to a purifier of metals: finery is show; tawdry display; gaiety of colors: fine-spoken; and fine-spun, express respectively and contemptuously, abundant in fine words contrived ingeniously.

There is a vein for the silver, and a place for gold, where they fine it. Job xxviii. 1. The fining pot is for silver, and the furnace for gold.

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Davies. Peacham.

the height: but when they come to such a fineness as serveth the ordinary use, they try no farther. Id. Natural History. Are they not senseless then, that think the soul Nought but a fine perfection of the sense? Get you black lead, sharpened finely. Every thing was full of a choice fineness, that, if it wanted any thing in majesty, it supplied with increase in pleasure; and if at the first it struck not admiration, it ravished with delight.

Sidney. Saltpetre was but grossly beaten; for it should not be finely powdered. Boyle. Whether the scheme has not been pursued so far as to draw it into practice, or whether it be too fine to be capable of it, I will not determine. Temple. As the French language has more fineness and smoothness at this time, so it had more compass, spirit, and force in Montaigne's days.

Id.

To call the trumpet by the name of the metal was fore. Dryden.

For him she loves!

Id.

She named not me; that may be Torrismond,
Whom she has thrice in private seen this day:
Then I am finely caught in my own snare.
It fines the grass, but makes it short, though thick.
Mortimer.

It is good also for fuel, not to admit the shavings of it for the fining of wine. Id. Husbandry. Let laws be made to obey, and not to be obeyed, and you will find that kingdom finely governed in a short time. South.

The irons of planes are set fine or rank: they are set fine when they stand so shallow below the sole of

the plane, that in working they take off a thin shaving. Moxon's Mechanical Exercises. Plutarch says very finely, that a man should not allow himself to hate even his enemies; because if you indulge this passion on some occasions, it will rise of itself in others. Addison.

The softness of her sex, and the fineness of her genius, conspire to give her a very distinguishing character. Prior.

The ancients were careful to coin their money in due weight and fineness, only in times of exigence they have diminished both the weight and fineness.

Arbuthnot on Coins.

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I think the sermons published in his life-time are fine, moral discourses. They bear indeed the character of their author, simple, elegant, candid, clear, and rational. Warburton to Hurd.

There is no wonder, now one sees the fountain Milton drew from, that, in admiration of this poetical philosophy (which nourished the fine spirits of that time, though it corrupted some), he should make the other speaker in the scene cry out, as in a fit of extacy, How charming is divine philosophy. Hurd.

Let the wine without mixture or stum be all fine, Or call up the master. Johnson.

You speak very fine, and you look very grave,
But apples we want, and apples we'll have!
If you will go with us, you shall have a share,
If not, you shall have neither apple nor pear.

Cowper. FINE, n. s., v. a. & v. n. Barbarous Lat. FINI'ABLE, adj. Sfinum; Old Fr. fin. A payment; forfeit; mulct; pecuniary penalty to fine is used both for impose, or punish with, fines, as well as to pay a fine. Finable is, admitting or discovering a fine.

Even this ill night your breathing shall expire, Paying the fine of rated treachery.

Two vessels of fine copper precious as gold. Ezra. Shakspeare. King John. The spirit of wantonness is sure scared out of him: if the devil have him not in fee-simple, with fine and recovery, he will never, in the way of waste, attempt us again. Shakspeare.

This is the order for writs of covenant that be finable. Bacon.

The killing of an Irishman was not punished by our law as manslaughter, which is felony and capital; but by a fine of pecuniary punishment called an ericke. Davies on Ireland. He sent letters to the council, wherein he acknowledged himself favored in bringing his cause finable. Hayward.

There have been ways found out to banish ministers, to fine not only the people, but even the grounds and fields where they assembled in conventicles. Marvell.

What poet ever fined for sheriff? or who By rhymes and verse did ever lord mayor grow? Oldham.

To fine men one-third of their fortune, without any crime committed seems very hard. Locke. Besides fines set upon plays, games, balls, and feasting, they have many customs which contribute to their simplicity. Addison.

How vain that second life in other breath,
The' estate which wits inherit after death!
Ease, health, and life, for this they must resign,
Unsure the tenure, but how vast the fine!

Pope.

FINE, in law, has divers applications: as 1. A formal conveyance of lands or tenements, or of any thing inheritable, being in esse temporis finis, in order to cut off all controversies. 2. A final agreement between persons, concerning any lands or rents, &c., of which any suit or writ is depending between them in any court. 3. A sum of money paid for entering lands or tene

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