The Evolution of Complex Hunter-Gatherers: Archaeological Evidence from the North PacificSpringer Science & Business Media, 06.12.2012 - 332 Seiten In 1987, I had the good fortune to join in the excavation of a phenomenal archae ological site on the western coast of Kodiak Island, in Alaska. The New Karluk site (a. k. a. , "Karluk One") was perched on the edge of the small village of Karluk at the mouth of the river of the same name, once one of the most productive salmon rivers in the North Pacific. I had just completed my sophomore year of college, and under the direction of Richard Jordan, I enthusiastically joined sev eral other students in the Kodiak Archaeology Projects New Karluk excavation. I had participated in my father's archaeological research in Eastern Canada since early childhood, but the Karluk dig was unlike any archaeology I had experienced before. For three months, we peeled back layers of grass, wood, and earth floors separated by remnants of ancient sod roofs. Due to the unusual preservation and richness of the site, at every tum we uncovered perishable items such as bent-wood bowls, masks, dolls, puffin-beak rattles, grass baskets, fragments of fiber netting, locks of hair, and food waste. Preservation was so excellent, in fact, that we often exposed grass blades still green after hundreds of years, which once exposed to air would tum brown before our eyes. |
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Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
adaptive Alaska Alutiiq American Anthropology appears archaeological Archipelago artifacts associated behavioral Beta camp Chapter Clark Coast communication competition complex components Continued Crowell and Mann cultural density deposits distribution Early ecological economic edited emergence environment evidence evolution evolutionary excavation expected Figure fish Fitzhugh floor foraging function groups household human huntergatherer hunting important increased individuals inequality inthe Island Kachemak Karluk Knecht Kodiak Koniag labor larger Late Kachemak less locations materials Mills North Northwest occupation Ocean Bay ofthe organization Pacific patterns period phase points political population predictions Press processing production region relatively remains reported Russian salmon sample seasonal settlement sharing significant Sitkalidak social societies species Spring Steffian structures subsistence suggests survey technologies trade traditional University variability village Washington whale winter Workman zone