The Haitian Revolution and Its Effects

abolish slavery African alliance became black army blacks and mulattoes Boyer C. L. R. James Caribbean territories Catholicism coffee cultivation coffee production Colonial Assembly commercial creole Cuba declared Dessalines to Duvalier Dominican Republic European export fear France François Duvalier free coloured freedom French colony French emigrés French government French planters G. W. Bridges gens de couleur grands blancs Guadeloupe Haitian independence Haitian revolution Hayti Henry Christophe Hispaniola independent Haiti island of Hispaniola Jamaica Jamaican planters James Franklyn Jean-Jacques Dessalines land Leeward Islands London Mackandal maroons of Trelawny Martinique Martinique and Guadeloupe military Moyse mulattoes negroes noiriste Ogé Pétion petits blancs plantation societies population Port-au-Prince president proprietors prosperous refugees regime revolutionary Rigaud Roman Catholic Saint Saint-Domingue Santo Domingo slave masters slave rebellion slave revolt slave trade Sonthonax Spaniards St Lucia struggle Toussaint L'Ouverture Trelawny Town Trinidad United States occupation Venezuela vodun voodoo West Indian white planters whites and mulattoes