EDWARD PEACOCK. VAGRANTS AT THORPE SALVIN.-Can any reader give an explanation of the presence in the parish of Thorpe Salvin, near Worksop, of a great number of vagrants about 1709 and 1719 ? The average number of burials yearly for ten years before 1709 was three persons only, but for the following four years twenty-one burials of " poor vagrants There is then an interval of five years, with are recorded, besides twelve parishioners. only one vagrant each year; but from 1719 to 1724 thirteen vagrants were buried. Thus in fifteen years thirty-nine vagrants were buried, and only three names are given one а vagrant of Bystoll (? Bristol), and another from the forest of Knasborough." 66 66 Thorpe Salvin is a parish at the junction JONATHAN WILD BIBLIOGRAPHY.-Has of Yorkshire, Notts, and Derbyshire. any attempt been made to compile a bibliography of the works dealing with Jonathan Wild, the most notorious of our thief-takers -not only in regard to his biography, but also to the multitude of tales of all kinds in which he figures, either in the title or between the covers ? of your A. C. reader of N. & Q.' may perhaps be able to 66 It is possible that either or both of these may have found their way into some private collection. I shall be glad of any information which might assist in tracing them. T. A. O'MORCHOE, M.A. Kilternan Rectory, co. Dublin. RINGELDRIA OR RINGILDA. · · What does this name mean? Was it a district or a division ? JOHN HAUTEN VILLE-COPE. 18, Harrington Court, Glendower Place, S.W. LLANGOLLEN.-Is there any good history of this locality, giving its owners, &c., prior to Henry VIII.? (Mrs.) COPE. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS: THEIR REGISTRATION.-Will any one kindly explain whether in foreign countries the registration of these is the same as in England, and at what date it was begun in France, Italy, Germany, &c. ? (Mrs.) COPE. 18, Harrington Court, S. W. BLIND INSTITUTIONS IN ENGLAND. I have always understood that the Bristol Blind Asylum, founded in 1793 by two Quakers (Messrs. Bath and Fox), was the oldest institution of the kind in England. A contemporary, however, disputes this. Can any reader of N. & Q.' give me the date of the earliest asylum for the blind? FREDERICK T. HIBGAME. BISHOP BERKELEY.-Did Bishop Berkeley pronounce his name “Bérk'li,” or Bärk'li"? D. M. Philadelphia. JAMES PRESTON OF HOUNSLOW.-In an old account-book formerly belonging to a Bradford (Yorks) financier of the year 1771 I find entered a considerable number of bills accepted by him, and drawn by Bradford merchants upon James Preston of London. I should like to learn more of the life of this man and of the business in which he was engaged. I have been able to find the date of his death, which occurred in 1807. He was buried in Isleworth Church beside his wife, who died some years earlier. Her Christian name was Elizabeth, but I should like to know her full maiden name and where she was married. A short notice of Preston's death appears in The Gentleman's Magazine of January, 1807, as follows: Aged 78, James Preston of Hounslow, Middlesex, a character of great benevolence, of whom hereafter." Unfortunately, no later notice of him appears, to my knowledge, in the magazine. His bequests to charitable institutions were numerous. Amongst those receiving legacies were St. George's Hospital, Hyde Park Corner; Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge; and the Protestant Dissenters of Hounslow. If a portrait of him is in existence, I should be glad to hear of it. WM. EASTERBROOK PRESTON. Leyland's Lane, Heaton, Bradford. BENJAMIN WOLFF LAZARSON STRASBURG : SOLOMON STRASBOURG.-I have just purchased a small stipple engraving of B. W. L. Strasburg. The watermark is J. Whatman, 1813. Affixed to the print is the following cutting from a newspaper or magazine : : Yesterday se'nnight died, at Bath, aged 70, Solomon Strasbourg, a Polish Jew, and well known for many years last past in this University as a teacher of the Hebrew language. His death was fit whilst in the act of purchasing meat at a shop awfully sudden: being seized with an apoplectic in the Grove, he fell down and instantly expired. He was a man of singular habits. He was in the habit of making occasional excursions from this City on foot to Bath, Cheltenham, &c. and always conducted the expences of his journies, and of his whole system of life, upon principles of the considerable property in the Funds, he never most rigid economy. Although possessed of could be induced, on any occasion, to deviate from his contracted and grovelling plan; and so excessive was his parsimony, that at the time of his death he was without a shirt! " It is evident from this obituary notice that he was a teacher of Hebrew at Oxford. I should be pleased to have further information about him. Who was Benjamin Wolff Lazarson Strasburg? Was he related to Solomon Strasbourg? ISRAEL SOLOMONS. Аввот THOMAS the 91, Portsdown Road, W. THORNTON ABBEY : GRESHAM.-In Allen's History of County of Lincoln,' published in 1834, it is stated that "in taking down a wall in the ruins of the abbey [when ?] a human skeleton was found with a table, a book, and a candlestick. It is supposed by whom?] to have been the remains of the fourteenth abbot, who, it is stated [by whom ?], was for some crime sentenced [by whom?] to be immured: a mode of capital punishment not uncommon in monastic institutions." The general question raised by the last clause has been recently dealt with (9 S. xii. 25, 131, 297, 376, 517; 10 S. i. 50, 152, 217), and I do not wish to reopen it; but as the statement in Allen was endorsed by the then Editor of N. & Q.' at 1 S. viii. 470, and has recently been repeated by H. Claiborne Dixon at p. 109 of The Abbeys of Great Britain,' I shall be grateful to any one who can answer the above queries in brackets, and can also say what became of the skeleton, 66 table, book, and candlestick. The four-in 1779 the following beautiful combination teenth abbot was Thomas Gresham, elected is found: Susannah Frusannah, Daughter 1364, succeeded 1394. of William and Frusannah Dolly, was baptized July 25th." Is this name common in early registers, and what is its origin ? FRANCIS R. RUSHTON. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. HERALDIC: SHIELDS FRETTY AND ORDINARIES.-In the case of a shield " fretty -such as that of Neville ancient, Or, fretty gules-should the shading of the dexter diagonals be either under or over them all, and of one width throughout, or should it be under those below the line of lighting, and over those above, and varying in width according to its distance from the lightingline? A copy gives it as over them all, and of the same width throughout. An ordinary is often placed over both a tincture and a metal, e.g., Or, two bars azure, over all a bend of the second. Is this consistent with the law against putting metal on metal and tincture on tincture? J. R. PARLIAMENTS. A. OLIVER CROMWELL'S HEAD.-By his will, which is mentioned in The Morning Post SIR REGINALD BRAY: HENRY VII.'s of 27 March, Mr. Horace Wilkinson, of Frankfield, Seal Chart, Sevenoaks, leaves to his son the embalmed head of Oliver Cromwell. Can any reader of N. & Q.' say what is the history of this head? GEORGE H. COURTENAY. Southtown House, Kenton, near Exeter. TANKARD WITH COAT OF ARMS.-Can any reader help me to identify the following coat of arms?-Vair, on a chief or three lions rampant (tincture unknown). The arms are engraved on a tankard of the first half of the eighteenth century, and are flanked by the intials E. S. Traditionally they are those of a family of the surname of Strickland, but I have been unable to verify this from ordinary books of reference. J. BRUNNER. (10 S. xi. 267.) SIR REGINALD BRAY is invariably included among the Speakers in the reign of Henry VII. I believe that he was elected to that office, but have never come upon contemporary or reliable confirmation of the fact, or information as to the particular Parliament over which he presided. The succession of Speakers, like the list of the Parliaments under our first Tudor king, is most unsatisfactory. Or perhaps it will be more accurate to say that the list of Parliaments of Henry, alike as to their number and their dates, have heretofore been most unreliable. Now, thanks to the admirable and exhaustive list of London M.P.s given by the Rev. A. B. Beaven in his masterly work upon the 'Aldermen of London,' the entire succession of Parliaments from the earliest times has been virtually determined upon the basis of the City of London elections. There yet, however, remains some little obscurity as to the Speakers between 1485 and 1509. The Parliamentary Rolls afford but little help, save in the first and last of the seven Parliaments of this reign; does the name of Sir Reginald Bray anywhere appear as Speaker. Manning in his nor Lives of the Speakers' places him, though with some hesitancy, as Speaker over the Parliament of 1497. He is probably right. Of this Parliament little is known. No writs of summons calling it have been found, but from the various local records we learn that the election for London took place on 13 Dec., 1496, that for Ipswich on 23 Dec., and for King's Lynn on 16 Dec. The Parliament met on the day for which it was summoned, i.e., 16 Jan., 1496/7. How long it lasted we are ignorant, but seemingly its duration was but brief. Some accounts say that the Speaker was Thomas Englefield, M.P. for Berks; but I know of no clear evidence of this. Sir Thomas Englefield was Speaker in the first Parliament of Henry VIII., 1509/10. I doubt his election to the office in any previous Parliament. I venture to subjoin the list of Henry VIII.'s Parliaments and Speakers, so far as my researches have led me. 1 Henry VII. Parliament 7 Nov., 1485. -Writs dated 15 Sept., 1485. Duration uncertain, but probably dissolved early in March, 1486. (A MS. in the York archives states that the two members for York set out in Nov., 1485, and returned 28 Dec.; went again in January, returning 10 March. Apparently, therefore, there were two sessions, or perhaps an adjournment over Christmas, the Parliament ending some few days before 10 March. (See Gent. Mag. for 1851, p.167.) Speaker, Sir Thomas Lovell, Kt. certain. election of City members took place on 13 Dec., 1496, a previous election, apparently to the same Parliament, is recorded in the Corporation Journal on 19 Oct., 1496. Mr. Beaven considers that this was a preliminary nomination, or that the second election was rendered necessary owing to one of the persons originally returned declining to serve. It is a little singular that the King's Lynn Hall Books show an almost analogous case of elections on both 25 Oct. and 16 Dec., 1496 (see Norfolk Official Lists,' by H. Le Strange, p. 211). I have no doubt whatever that Mr. Beaven is right in his surmise, inasmuch as other instances could be given from local records of two separate elections to one Parliament, the second being rendered necessary through one or other of the persons first chosen desiring to be excused from serving. In those days Parliamentary honours were not so eagerly sought for as they have become since. W. D. PINK. Lowton, Newton-le-Willows. [MR. A. F. ROBBINS also refers to Manning's 'Lives of the Speakers.'] 66 3 Henry VII. Parliament 9 Nov., 1487.Writs dated 1 Sept., 1487. Duration un'got King's Speaker, Sir John Mordaunt, Kt. 4 Henry VII. Parliament 13 Jan., 1488/9. -Writs not found. There were three sessions: (a) 13 Jan.-23 Feb., 1488 9; (b) 14 Oct.-4 Dec., 1489; (c) 25 Jan.-27 Feb., 1489/90 (on the last day it was dissolved). Speaker, Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam, Kt. 7 Henry VII. Parliament 17 Oct., 1491. -Writs dated 12 Aug., 1491. First session, 17 Oct. 4 Nov., 1491; second session, 26 Jan.-5 March, 1491/2, being dissolved on the last-named day. Speaker, Richard Empson, Esq. 11 Henry VII. Parliament 14 Oct., 1495. -Writs dated 15 Sept., 1495. Duration unknown. Speaker, Robert Drury, Esq. 12 Henry VII. Parliament 16 Jan., 1496 7.-Writs not found. Duration uncertain. Speaker, (?) Sir Reginald Bray, Kt. 19 Henry VII. Parliament 25 Jan., 1503/4.-Writs not found. Duration uncertain. Speaker, Edmund Dudley, Esq. Henry VII. was no lover of Parliaments. As will be seen from the foregoing list, in the first twelve years of his reign he called six Parliaments, and in the last twelve years but one. 6 ETON COLLEGE NAMES (10 S. xi. 290).— If D. K. T. means the names cut in Lower School which represent those boys who " he will find printed lists of the Kingsmen in such publications as Harwood's Alumni Etonenses' and Pote's Registrum Regale.' But if he means the names cut in Upper School, I do not believe It would, indeed, be a considerable underany complete list has ever been published. taking, though well worth the doing, as, owing to the fact that initials are given, it would lead to the identification of many boys, of whom we now know nothing but the surname. A few very early names may be found cut in other places, viz., on the stone jambs of the windows in the gallery running round the Cloister Court. R. A. AUSTEN LEIGH. I do not know of any list of the names cut in Upper School, &c., Eton. There is an interesting article in The Strand Magazine of November, 1895 (x. 494), entitled "Great Names at Eton and Harrow,' with illustrations from photographs. Among the few names given are C. J. Fox, Clive (Edward, son of the great Lord Clive), S. Canning (Lord Statford de Redcliffe), W. E. Gladstone, and other Gladstones. The vast majority of the names on the It is but fair to notice the fact recorded panels have been for many years cut by by Mr. Beaven in connexion with the Par- professionals. In the article which I mention liament of January, 1496/7, that while the is a reduced facsimile of a letter written by the late Mr. Gladstone, in which he says: "From the appearance of the photograph you have kindly sent me, I think it is the one done upon a payment by the official hand at my leaving: as was the usual custom. There has evidently been assistance of some kind in doing it. "There is at Eton on the short elbow of the Long Walk wall at the end nearest Barnes-pool my name with the initials [? initial] cut large in the stone, and this was done entirely by myself; but I do not know whether it can be photographed." The writer of the article, who does not give his name, says: "Mr. Gladstone speaks of initials in his letter, but beyond the 'G' no initial letters are now visible." The writing, according to the facsimile, is not distinct, and it appears to be quite possible that the slight stroke after the 7 was not meant for s. The initial letter "G," according to the photograph given, is very large. I am not sure what one paid on leaving Eton for having one's name cut somewhere or other. My impression is that the fee was ten shillings. When I left Eton in 1864 the panels of Upper School had been for a long time filled with names. If I remember rightly, mine and those of my contemporaries were relegated to the panels of the staircase leading to Upper School. Apart from the names carved on the walls, the lists of Etonians are Stapylton's Eton School Lists' and those recently published by the Old Etonian Association. ROBERT PIERPOINT. The plan of The Swiss Family Robinson' was conceived by Johann David Wyss, a Swiss, and military chaplain to the troops stationed at Berne. The outlines of the story were written out for the use of his four children, but never printed. One of his sons, Johann Rudolf Wyss (1781-1830), Professor of Philosophy at the Academy of Berne, placed the manuscript (with necessary alterations) in the hands of a printer, and the first edition was issued in German, at Zurich, in 1813. In 1824 the Baroness Isabelle de Montolieu translated the tale into French, with the permission of Herr Wyss, and wrote a continuation of the story. Originally it was very short, the arrival of a ship from Europe enabling the family to return to their own country after only about twelve years' stay in the island. This translation is the one upon which all the English versions of the tale are based. I have this French version before me as I write. With regard to Joachim Heinrich Kampe (or Campe), Halkett and Laing and W. Davenport Adams are both wrong. Campe Probably Messrs. Spottiswoode & Co. of (1746-1818) published a children's book at Eton could inform D. K. T. whether the act Hamburg in 1779 in two volumes, called of piety he inquires about has been accom'Robinson Krusoe der Jüngere.' This is plished or not. Much information concern- not a mere translation, but a book "based ing the names carved in Lower School and other places will be found in Mr. R. A. Austen large number of books upon the widespread book by Defoe." A were afterwards Leigh's 'Eton Guide' (1904), which gives a written on similar lines, but of all these picture of a servitor's desk in Hall on which translations, imitations, and adaptations are cut several well-known names. The based upon Defoe Campe's still remains the noble Hall (1450), together with the pantry most important amongst these books preand kitchen, is the only building that pared for German - speaking children. occupies the position finally determined have a copy of one of the chief editions upon by King Henry's will. So at Christ now on sale, entitled Campes Robinson,' Church, Oxon, the great Hall and kitchen and have compared it with Robinson are Wolsey's work; and the later royal Crusoe' and The Swiss Family Robinson': foundation can re-echo the Eton distich:it has nothing in common with the latter Henricus Octavus book. Took away more than he gave us. At my own school the names cut on the panels, &c., of the Fourth Form Room (the original schoolroom) were carefully transcribed and edited for The Harrovian (July, 1895-July, 1899). A. R. BAYLEY. I |