We hear of many public buildings of importance on the Coelian. There were chapels of Dea Carna1-of Minerva Capta 2-and of Diana (on the Coeliolus 3); a temple of Isis, and a temple of Claudius. This last was commenced by Agrippina, abandoned by Nero, and restored by Vespasian. Its gigantic substructions, between the Coliseum and the Church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, cover an area of 498 feet by 626. The side facing the Palatine is decorated with a double tier of porticoes, built of travertine, one of the most effective ruins of ancient Rome. The temple itself has disappeared.

The church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, just named, is built over the well-preserved remains of a Roman house, excavated within the last few years, and full of interest for the student. Like the Aventine and the Alta Semita (Quirinal), the Coelian was a favourite quarter with the patricians. There were not less than one hundred and twenty-seven palaces, of which the most celebrated were-the egregiae Lateranorum aedes, belonging to the Plautii Laterani, from which the church and the patriarchium of St. John the Lateran derives its name-the house of Mamurra-the Aedes Vectilianae, in which Commodus perished-the palace of Annius Verus, in which M. Aurelius was born and educated (his equestrian statue of gilt metal now on the Capitol comes probably from it)—and the house of the Aradii Valerii.

The characteristic features of the Coelian were the Barracks. The Castra cohortis V. vigilum have been discovered in the Villa Mattei in 1820; the Castra Peregrina opposite the church of la Navicella (S. Maria in Domnica) in the sixteenth century; the Castra Equitum Singularium in 1732, in the space between the church of S. Giovanni in Laterano, and the walls of Aurelian.

The best preserved monument of this quarter is the rotunda now dedicated to Santo Stefano (rotondo), built in the fourth century for a public market. It stands on the foundation of an older building of the same kind and shape, which was probably called the Macellum Magnum. The Arcus Neroniani or Coelimontani, built by Nero to convey portion of the Aqua Claudia to his artificial lake, and restored largely by Septimius Severus and Caracalla, crossed the hill from end to end, viz., from the region of the Lateran to the temple of Claudius.

Almost the only memorial of more ancient times now standing on the hill, is an arch, probably connected originally with some of the aqueducts in this district. It is usually known as the Arcus Dolabellae, having been erected, as the inscription informs us, by the consuls P. Cornelius Dollabella and C. Junius Silanus (A.D. 10)."

References.-For the Lateran-Rohault de Fleury: Le Latran au moyen âge, Paris, 1877. Stevenson: Scoperte al Laterano in Annali Inst., 1877, p. 332. For the Barracks of the

V. cohors vigilum-Kellermann: Vigilum Latercula Coelimontana, Rome, 1835. De Rossi: Le Stazioni dei Vigili, în Ann. Inst., 1858. For S. Stefano Rotondo-Lanciani: L'Itinerario di Einsiedeln, p. 71.

1 Macrob. S. I. 12.

2 Ovid. Fast. III. 837. comp. Varro L.L. V. § 47.

3 Orat. de Haruspic. resp. 15.

Trebell. Poll, trig, tyrann. 24.

5 Suet. Vesp. 9. Frontin. de Aquaed. 20.

Juv. S. X. 18.

Tacit. Ann. XV. 49. 60. Victor Epit. 20. The church was originally

dedicated to the Saviour.

7 Plin. XXXVI. 48.

• Lamprid. Commod. 16. Capitolin. Pertin. 5.