2. A simple sentence is that which has one subject and one predicate; as, "Health is a blessing;" "John runs.” 3. A compound sentence is that which has more than one subject or predicate, or is connected by a clause; as, "Prudence and Temperance are virtues ;" "He who associates with the wicked will soon be depraved." first example, Prudence and Temperance are two subjects; in the second, who associates with the wicked is a clause; hence, they are compound sentences. In the 4. Sentences, according to their signification, admit of another division. Here it is well to remember the primitive meaning of the word sentence," derived from the Latin word sentire, which we have given in the first chapter; namely that it originally signified "a feeling or perception of the mind.” 5. Now, a perception of the mind may be either a judgment or a simple emotion of the Q. What is a simple sentence? (2.) A. It is that which has one subject and one predicate; as, "Health is a blessing." Q. What is a compound sentence? (3.) A. It is that which has more than one subject or predicate, or is joined to a clause; as, "Prudence and Temperance are virtues." Q. Do sentences admit of any other division? (4.) A. Yes; they admit of a division according to their signifi cation. mind. Again, a judgment of the mind may be either positive or doubtful. 6. Hence, sentences, according to their signification, may be divided into two principal kinds; to wit: Sentences that express an emotion, and sentences that express a judgment of the mind. 7. Sentences which express an emotion or affection of the mind comprise chiefly three classes: I. Interjectional or exclamatory sentences,. which contain an interjection, and are expressed by an exclamation; as, "Alas! what sorrows we must here endure !" II. Optative, which express a wish or desire; as, "I wish I had known you before." III. Obsecrative, which are used to beseech or implore; as, "Pray, forgive me!" Q. How can sentences be divided according to their signification? (6.) A. Into two principal kinds; to wit: Sentences that express an emotion, and sentences that express a judgment of the mind, which may be either positive or doubtful. Q. How many classes do sentences which express an emotion of the mind comprise? (7.) A. Three; Exclamatory, Optative, and Obsecrative sentences. Q. Which are Exclamatory sentences? (7) A. Those which contain an exclamation or interjection; as, "Alas! what sorrows we must here endure !" Q. What are Optative sentences? (7.) A. Those which express a wish; as, "I wish I had known you before." Q. Which are Obsecrative sentences? (7.) A. Those that beseech or implore; as, "Pray, forgive me!" 8. Sentences that express a positive judgment of the mind are of two classes: I. Affirmative, whereby something is affirmed, and comprise the declarative sentences, which are used to declare and affirm something; as, "He is an excellent man ;" and the imperative, which are used to express a command; as, "Go, thou." II. Negative, whereby something is denied; as, "The soul is not material." 9. Sentences that express a doubtful judgment of the mind are of three classes: as, I. Interrogative, whereby something is asked; Have you seen Edward?" แ II. Potential, whereby the possibility of a thing is expressed; as, "It may rain." III. Conditional, which express a condition on which a certain thing depends; as, "If he had been temperate, he would have lived longer." 10. To recapitulate: Sentences, according to their signification, are divided into nine classes, Q. How many classes do sentences which express a positive judgment of the mind comprise? (8.) A. Three; the Declarative Affirmative, whereby something is affirmed or declared; the Imperative, whereby something is commanded; and the Negative, whereby something is denied. Q. Mention the classes, comprised by sentences, which express a doubtful judgment of the mind. (9.) A. They are three; the Interrogative, which inquire; the Potential, which denote a possibility; and the Conditional, which express a condition. to wit: 1. Exclamatory. 2. Optative. 3. Obsecrative. 4. Declarative. 5. Imperative. 6. Negative. 7. Interrogative. 8. Potential. 9. Conditional. I.-EXERCISE. Point out the different classes of sentences contained in the following verses, and prove your statement by quoting the appropriate rule or definition under which they fall. NOTE. The small numbers indicate the different sentences. 1" O say," he cried, 3" dear angel, say, "No longer rack me with suspense, 7 Speak your commands, and send me hence. 9" Shall I, like Bonaparte, aspire To be the world's imperial sire? 10 Express the wish, and here I vow Point out the different sentences which occur in your reading-book, and define their class. Q. Repeat all the different classes of sentences. (10.) A. They are nine; to wit; Exclamatory, Optative, Obsecrative, Declarative, Imperative, Negative, Interrogative, Potential, Conditional. CHAPTER III. FORMATION, QUALITIES, AND PRAXIS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES. We will divide this Chapter into two Articles. In the first, we shall treat of the simple formation of sentences, of the elements and rules of combination, and of the essential and accidental qualities of sentences. In the second Article, we will give the praxis of composition in general, and of simple sentences in particular. ARTICLE I. OF THE SIMPLE FORMATION, ELEMENTS, RULES, AND QUALITIES OF SENTENCES. 1. Simple formation of sentences is the combination of the simple elements necessary to complete sense. This may be called elementary synthesis. 2. We have stated in No. 16, Chapter I, that the subject, predicate, and copula are essential Q. What do you call simple formation of sentences? (1.) plete sense. Q. State again what are the necessary elements of a sen tence. (2.) A. Three; the subject, predicate and copula. Q: What do you remark in respect to them? (2.) A. They must be found in every sentence, either expressed or implied. |