former place of confinement, where he soon after lost his head upon a scaffold. On the 9th of May, 1611, the Earl of Suffolk sold this estate for 13,000l. to Thomas Sutton, Esq., the munificent and benevolent founder of Charter House School. The endowments of this noble foundation produce a rental of more than 22,000l.; and it is considered, that there is not a better managed estate in England, whether regarding the condition of the premises, the responsibility of the tenants, or the mode of cultivation. The governors are seventeen in number, of whom the Queen is one, and the remainder consists of persons of the highest rank in church and state; and to their power the direction of the establishment and its affairs are uncontrollably committed. Those on the foundation are of two classes: pensioners and scholars,-both nominated in rotation by the governors, upon producing certificates of residence and good behaviour to the master of the hospital.

A brief biographical account of the celebrated founder of this school must form an interesting feature in the history of the school itself. Mr. Sutton was descended from an ancient family in Lincolnshire, in which county he was born in the year 1532. He received the first part of his education at Eton, whence he was probably sent to St. John's College, Cambridge. In the year 1553 he quitted the university, and removed to Lincoln's Inn with a view of studying for the bar; but finding a sedentary life not agreeable to his active genius, or alarmed, perhaps, at the persecuting spirit of the reign, he went abroad, where he remained till the accession of Edward VI., visiting Holland, France, Spain, and Italy, in which countries he availed himself of every opportunity of cultivating his mind and

In Sutton's will styled decayed gentlemen; their number is eighty.

acquiring that experimental knowledge which so well qualified him to engage in his subsequent commercial pursuits. Returning home in 1562, he entered into possession of a considerable fortune which had been bequeathed to him by his father. He was now received into the service of the Duke of Norfolk, and afterwards into that of the Earl of Warwick, by whose interest, on the breaking out of the rebellion in the north, by the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland, he obtained a patent for the office of "MasterGeneral of the Ordnance in the North" for life; soon after which he purchased of the Bishop of Durham the manors of Gateshead and Wickham, famous for their coal mines; and so great was the success with which he worked them, that in 1590, when he came up to London, he brought with him 50,000%. In 1582 he married a Miss Gardiner, with whom he obtained a large estate, a part of which was the moiety of the manor of Stoke-Newington. He now applied his attention to commerce, and speedily becoming one of the most eminent merchants of his time, rendered services of the greatest importance to his country by certain commercial manoeuvres which he suggested and conducted.

On the death of his wife in 1602, he retired from the world, and resolved to dispose of his great estate in some important charity. In 1609 he petitioned the king in parliament for an act to empower him to erect an hospital at Hallingbury Bouchers, in Essex. The petition was accordingly granted, but changing his mind as to the situation, he purchased of the Earl of Suffolk, Howard House, where he founded the present. Hospital of Charter House. It was his pious intention to have himself filled the office of master of the hospital, in order to superintend the first years of its foundation; but his growing infirmities ren

dering him incapable of such a design, he nominated, on the 30th of October, 1611, the Rev. John Hutton to that important charge; on the 12th of December following, this incomparable man closed his long and useful life at Hackney, near London, aged seventy-nine years.

The number of scholars is limited to forty-four, who are fed and clothed at the expense of the schools, and have a pension besides of 201. per annum allowed them, and are likewise educated almost wholly at the expense of the establishment. By its statutes, no boy can be admitted under the age of ten, nor above fourteen. The exhibitions to the universities do not appear to be specifically limited in point of number. Boys are elected to them by the board of governors, on examination; and they are allowed the option both as to college and university. The exhibitions are 807. per annum for the first four years; and after the exhibitioners have taken their first degree, they are increased to 100%. per annum for the succeeding four years. The school also extends its advantages in learned instruction beyond the foundation, and receives numerous scholars who board with the head master and under masters, or at private houses, in the same manner as at Winchester, Eton, and Westminster.

There are about twelve valuable livings attached to the Charter House, which are in the gift of the governors; they are, however, bound by the charter to bestow them on boys educated at the school.

The master of the Charter House is the Rev. Philip Fisher, D.D., the preacher the Venerable Archdeacon Hale, M. A., and the head schoolmaster, the Rev. Augustus P. Saunders, M. A.

To enumerate a few of the distinguished divines who have been educated at this school,-high in rank amongst

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the foundations that are the pride of a nation, which they at once improve and adorn-we may mention the names of Dr. Mark Hildersley, bishop of Sodor and Man, who completed the translation of the Bible into the Manx language, a work which had been begun, and was far advanced, by his predecessor, the pious and venerable Bishop Wilson; Dr. Martin Benson, bishop of Gloucester; The Most Rev. Charles Manners Sutton, archbishop of Canterbury; Doctor Henry William Magendie, bishop of Bangor; Dr. J. Buckner, bishop of Chichester; Drs. Isaac Barrow, John Davies, S. Berdmore, J. Jortin and Matthew Raine.

ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL.

St. Paul's School was founded in 1512, by Dr. John Colet, dean of St. Paul's. This enlightened and munificent encourager of learning, the son of Sir Henry Colet, knight, mercer and citizen of London, was born in 1466. He, the only surviving child of eleven sons and an equal number of daughters, received his education at St. Anthony's school, in Threadneedle Street, the most eminent seminary at that period in London. He removed to Oxford in 1483, where he continued, during seven years, in the ardent pursuit of knowledge, but more particularly attaching himself to the study of logic and philosophy. In mathematics also he had made a very great proficiency; and having obtained, in the language of Anthony à Wood, "a most admirable competency in learning at home, he determined to enlarge it by travel through foreign countries." After he left Oxford he spent four years travelling on the Continent. At Paris he met with Gaguines, the French historian, who first excited in him the desire to become acquainted with Erasmus. From France he went into Italy, where he contracted an intimacy with several of his distinguished countrymen, who

were residing there to learn the Greek tongue, then but little known in England. On his return to England, he proceeded to Oxford, where he became acquainted with Erasmus, that great restorer of letters to Europe; and from this period the closest intimacy subsisted between these illustrious men, till death terminated it. In 1505 Colet was advanced to the dignity of dean in St. Paul's Cathedral, and set about correcting the many abuses which existed in the discipline of that church. He succeeded, likewise, in introducing divinity lectures, to be given three days in every week, which, by raising in the nation a spirit of inquiry into the Holy Scriptures, were greatly instrumental in promoting the Reformation. He expressed his contempt of monastic establishments and exposed the abuses which existed in them; nor did he refrain, even in the presence of the King, from preaching with boldness against the vulgar superstitions and prevailing corruptions in the Church. This subjected him to persecution from Fitz James, the bishop of London. But Archbishop Warham, who entertained a high respect for Colet, dismissed the charges which the bishop had brought against him. These troubles turned the dean from the concerns of the world and rendered him more devout and charitable, and having a large estate without any near relations, he resolved to consecrate the whole of it to the restoration and improvement of learning. In 1509 he began seriously to carry his design into effect; and conveyed all his property in London to the Mercers' Company, in trust for the endowment of a school; and soon after he had fully completed his great work he died at his house near Richmond, on the 16th of September, 1519, in the fifty-third year of his age. He was buried in the choir of his cathedral; and an humble monument which had been prepared for him many years before his death, having no other