student of Christ-Church. In 1616 the vicarage of St. Thomas in Oxford was conferred upon him by the dean and canons of Christ-Church; and this, with the rectory of Segrave in Leicestershire, given him some time after by George lord Berkely, he held to his death, in January 1639. He was a man of general learning, and an exact mathematician; extremely studious, and of a melancholy turn; yet an agreeable companion, it is said, and very humorous. The Anatomy of Melancholy was printed first in 4to, afterwards in folio, in 1624, 1632, 1638, and 1652, to the great emolument of the bookseller. He was buried in the cathedral of Christ-Church, and had a monument erected to his memory with the following epitaph, said to have been his own composition: Paucis notus, paucioribus ignotus, He left behind him a very choice collection of books: bequeathed many to the Bodleian library; and £100 to Christ-Church, the interest of which was to be laid out yearly in books for their library. BURTON UPON TRENT, a borough and market town of Staffordshire. It had formerly a large abbey, and over the Trent it has a famous bridge of free stone, about a quarter of a mile in length, supported by thirty-seven arches. It consists chiefly of one long street, reaching from the place where the abbey stood to the bridge; and has a good market for corn and provisions. Near the abbey stood the ancient parish church of St. Modwena, which was connected with the abbey by a cloister; but it was taken down, and the present church erected, in 1722, on a smaller scale. It is neat and convenient, with spacious galleries; it has also an organ. The church is a perpetual curacy, exempt from episcopal jurisdiction; in the patronage of the marquis of Anglesea, who is also impropriator of the tithes to a considerable amount. The marquis is also lord of the manor of Burton and its hamlets; and the remains of the abbey are now his manor-house. He holds annually two court-leets, under the management of the perpetual bailiff and coroner; and also two probate-courts, for proving wills, &c. Here is also a court of request for the recovery of small debts; and the inhabitants are exempt from serving any county juries. This place is famous for the excellence of its ale and malt, which is sent down the river to Hull, and forwarded thence through the whole kingdom, and to the different ports on the continent. It has manufactures of hats, cotton, tammies, and one for the purpose of converting bloom and scrap iron into bars. In the market-place is a neat townhall. In this the public business of the town is transacted, and it also serves as a concert and assembly-room. Here are a free-school, several Sunday-schools, and two alms-houses for poor women. The market on Thursday is well supplied with all kinds of meat, corn, poultry, &c. Fairs, Candlemas-day for cattle, &c. April 5th. Ascension-day, October 29th, and five following days, for cheese, horses, &c. BURY, ST. EDMUND's, a borough, market, and county town of Suffolk, lies in a pleasant situation, ten miles east of Newmarket, and seventyone N. N. E. of London. It was so named from. St. Edmund, king of the East-Angles, who was crowned in it, and afterwards murdered by the Danes; and being buried in it, an abbey was erected to his honor by Sigbert, king of the EastAngles. It was situated between the two churches, which are both large, handsome buildings, with elegant windows and fine roofs, and in one church-yard. The town was burnt by Sueno the Dane; and Stow says it had the privilege of a mint, in the reign of king John. In 1636 it was infested with a dreadful plague. In 1772 some laborers, in digging among the ruins of the abbey, discovered a leaden coffin, which contained the body of Thomas Beaufort, son of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster; he was duke of Exeter, admiral and captain of Calais, and lord high chancellor of England. It sends two members to parliament, who are elected by the corporation; which consists of a recorder and twelve burgesses, a coroner, and twenty-four common council. This place, from the healthiness of its situation, is sometimes called the Montpelier of England. It is divided into five wards, and has thirty-five streets, which are well paved and kept clean, most of them intersecting each other at right angles. Including the suburbs, it is a mile from east to west, and nearly two miles from south to north. It has a spacious guildhall, and a beautiful cross, surrounded with iron railings. It has likewise a handsome market place for fish and provisions; built at the expense of the earl of Bristol. Here is also a free grammar-school, founded by Edward VI. and various other charitable institutions. Large quantities of wool are annually brought hither, and exposed for sale in the wool-halls. The county assises are held in this town. The county gaol is a convenient and spacious building near the town, and the bridewell was formerly a Jews' synagogue. Market-day, Saturday. BUSBY (Dr. Richard), son of Richard Busby, Esq. of Westminster, was born at Lutton, in Lincolnshire, in 1606. He passed through the classes in Westminster, and completed his studies at Oxford, where he took a Master's degree in 1631. In 1640 he was appointed master of Westminster school; and by his skill and divigence in the discharge of this important and laborious office for the space of fifty-five years, educated the greatest number of eminent men in church and state, that ever at one time adorned any age or nation. He is said to have been extremely severe with his pupils; though rather from a love of discipline than from disposition, as he permitted, at times, the free exercise of their juvenile witticisms against himself. This great man, after a long and healthy life, the effect of temperance, died in 1695, aged eighty-nine; and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where there is a fine monument erected to him. He composed several books for the use of the school. BUSCH (John George), a native of Lunenburg, and director of the Academy of Commerce at Hamburgh, was born in 1728, and wrote several works in German, on commerce and political economy, as 1. The Theory of Commerce, 3 vols. 8vo. 2. On Banks, 8vo. 3. On the Circulation of Money, 3 vols. 8vo. 4. Essays on Commerce, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. On Mathematical Studies, as applicable to Civil Life, 8vo. 6. Encyclopedia of Mathematics, 8vo. 7. Expeperience and Observations, 5 vols. 8vo. 8. An Account of the Commercial Academy of Hamburgh, 12mo. 9. The Merchant's Library, a periodical work. He died after 1800. BUSCHING (Anthony Frederic), an able writer on history and geography, was a native of Westphalia, and educated at the university of Halle. He accompanied the family of count Lynar, as tutor, on an embassy from the Danish court to Petersburgh, in 1749. In 1754 he was appointed professor of philosophy, and subsequently of divinity at Gottingen, in which offices he was the advocate of very liberal opinions; and he removed to Petersburgh, to become the minister of a Lutheran church in 1761, and founded there a very extensive seminary of education. Other disputes afterwards compelled him to remove to Altona; and in 1766 he accepted the post of director of a gymnasium at Berlin, where he died in May 1793, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. He was a useful, rather than a polished or very accurate writer; but the Swed. buske; Bel. bosch ; Chaucer's Romaunt of the Rose. She darst the wilde bestes dennes seke, And rennen in the mountaignes all the night, And slepe under the bush. Id. Canterbury Tales. These blazing starres the Greeks call cometas, our with bloudie Romanes crinitas: dreadfull to be seene, haires, and all over rough and shagged in the top, like the bush of hair upon the head. Holland's Plinie, vol. i. fol. 15. Moreover a goodly broad busht tail they (the squirrels) have, wherewith they cover their whole body. Id. vol. i. fol. 218. The gentle shepherd sat beside a spring, All in the shadow of a bushy brier. Spenser. earth of woods, briars, bushments, and waters, to Princes thought how they might discharge the make it more habitable and fertile. Raleigh. If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 'tis true that a good play needs no epilogue. Shakspeare. The roses bushing round Milton. The poller and exacter of fees, justifies the resemblance of the courts of justice to the bush, whereunto while the sheep flies for defence from the weather, he is sure to lose part of the fleece. Id. Essays. Her heart was that strange bush, whose sacred fire A gushing fountain broke Statues of this god, with a thick bushy beard, are Addison. still many of them extant in Rome. BUSH, among huntsmen, a fox's tail. BUSH, BURNING, the bush wherein the Lord appeared to Moses at the foot of mount Horeb, as he was feeding his father-in-law's flocks. As to the person that appeared in the bush, the text says, 'That the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire, out of the middle of the bush; but whether it was a created angel, speaking in the person of God, or God himself, or (as the most received opinion is), Christ the son of God, has been a matter of some controversy among the learned. See ANGEL. The emblem of the burning bush is used as the seal of the church of Scotland, with this motto: Though burning, never consumed.' BUSHEL, a measure of capacity for things dry; as grain, pulse, dry fruits, &c. containing eight gallons, or one-eighth of a quarter. Du Cange derives the word from busellus, bustellus, or bisellus, a diminutive of buz, or buza, used in the corrupt Latin for the same thing; others derive it from bussulus, an urn wherein lots were cast; which seems to be a corruption from buxulus. Bussellus appears to have been first used for a liquid measure of wine, equal to eight gallons. Octo libræ faciunt galonen vini, et octo galones vini faciunt busselum London, quæ est octava pars quarterii. It was soon after transferred to the dry measure of corn of the same quantity. See ARITHMETIC, where the contents of the new bushel are particularly specified. At Paris the bushel is divided into two half bushels; the half bushel into two quarts; the quart into two half quarts; the half quart into two litrons; and the litron into two half litrons. See MEASURE and WEIGHT. BU'SHEL. Fr. boisseau; barb. Lat. bischefila, schefila, from σkapŋ, a modus, a measure of eight gallons. the search. And then, they found Of Floreins fine, of gold ycoined round, Wel nigh an eighte bushels as him thought. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. His reasons are as two grains of wheat hid in two bushels of chaff; you shall seek all day ere you find them; and when you have them, they are not worth Shakspeare. The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with bushels of gold, without counting the weight or the number of pieces. Dryden. BUSHIRE, or BUSHAVIR, a sea-port town of Persia, situated on the Persian Gulf, in the province of Fars. It occupies the southern extremity of a peninsula; but in high tides and storms it has sometimes been completely insulated. The town is of a triangular form, and fortified on the land side by a mud wall, mounting twelve pieces of cannon, and the streets are very narrow, and it is but a mean place. Provisions and fruits are cheap and excellent in Bushire, but the water must be brought from a distance of two miles, nor is it good nearer than sixteen miles. A considerable trade is carried on here in carpets, Shiraz wine, rose water, drugs; and the imports are Indian goods of different kinds, and English broad cloth. The English East India Company have a factory at this place. Population 5000. Distant ten miles W. S. W. of Shiraz, and twenty south of Bender Rigkh. BUSIRIS, in entomology, a species of papilio, with black oblong wings; on the anterior pair are two yellow spots, and on the posterior ones a yellow disk. This is a native of Hindostan. BUSIRIS, in ancient geography, a city of the Lower Egypt, south of Leontopolis, on the Busiriticus, built by Busiris. In this city there stood a great temple of Isis, which gave it the appellation of the city of Isis. It was destroyed on a revolt, by Dioclesian. BUSIRIS, in fabulous history, a tyrant of Egypt, noted for his cruelty, and slain by Hercules. Strabo denies such a tyrant ever existed; Isocrates has written his panegyric. BUSIRTICIUS FLUVIUS, in ancient geography, that branch of the Nile which empties itself at the mouth called Ostium Pathmeticum, or Phatniticum; also a part, according to an ancient map, at the Ostium Mindesium; this branch dividing at Diospolis into two branches, called Busiriticus, from the city of Busiris, which stood on its left, or west branch. It is the second branch of the Nile, reckoning from the east. BUSITIS, in ancient geography, a district of Arabia Deserta; the country of Elihu; so called from Buz, Nahor's second son. It is called Buzites by the Septuagint. BUSK', Now written bush. See BOSKE. Busk', v. & n. BUS'KET, BUS'KY. Chaucer's Romaunt of the Rose, fol. 116. Youngthes folke now flocken in every where, To gather May-buskets and smelling brere. Spenser's Shepheard's Calender. Fr. buis, buisque; thus the noun is applied to a slip of boxwood, or of any thing else that is a strengthener for women's stays. -The verb is derived differently and applied differently. Dr. Jamieson thinks it is from the German, butzen, bussen, to decorate and ornament. A well-dressed woman is butz frauw. Busk is so termed, perhaps, because it adds to the grace of the person; and the verb may be applied to the general preparation and making ready, in which ladies are so very nice and particular, before they appear in company. Thus, in the song, as quoted below, busk ye,' is make ready, prepare my bonny, bonny bride.' It is sometimes used in the sense of repair to; to go; to direct one's steps. It is, however, as a verb nearly obsolete, and modern fashion is getting rid of the noun. Busks were only known to our grandmothers: the substitutes are lighter and more elegant. Busk ye, then busk, my bonny, bonny bride; Busk busk ye, ye, my winsome marrow; Busk ye, and luve me on the banks of Tweed, And think nae mair on the braes of Yarrow. W. Hamilton. Her long slit sleeves, stiffe buske, puffe verdingall, Is all that makes her thus angelical. Marston. Scourge II. Ye might haue busked you to huntly banks, Your pryde was pevysh to play such prankes. Skelton's Ware the Hawke. The commons renyed their taxes to pay Of them demaunded and asked by the kynge With one voice importune they plainly sayd nay, They buskt them on a bushment themselfe in baile to bring, Id. p. 306. No fowler that had wylie witte But will forsee such hap, That birds will alway buske and bate And 'scape the fowlers trap. Turbervile. Of the diuers Passions, &c. BUSK, a town in Austrian Galicia, situated on the Bug, which here first becomes navigable. It contains three Greek churches, and one Roman Catholic, and there is here a large tannery. In the neighbourhood are iron works, and the lakes afford good fishing. Twenty-five miles E. N. E. of Lemberg, and fifty north of Halicz. BUS'KIN, Ital. borzachino; Fr. brodequin, BUS KINED. from Lat. pero. Some derive it from the Greek Bupra, a hide or skin; a kind of half boot; a shoe which comes to the mid leg. It is now confined to the stage, and is chiefly characteristic of tragedy. She, having hong upon a bough on high Her bow and pointed quiver, had unlaste Her silver buskins from her nimble thigh. Spenser. The foot was dressed in a short pair of velvet buskins; in some places open, to shew the fairness of the Sidney. skin. Or what, though rare, of later age, Ennobled hath the buskined stage? Milton. There is a kind of rusticity in all those pompous verses; somewhat of a holiday shepherd strutting in his country buskins. Dryden. Here, armed with silver bows, in early dawn, Her buskined virgins traced the dewy lawn. Pope. But, O how altered was its sprightlier tone, When Cheerfulness, a nymph of healthiest hue, (Her bow across her shoulder flung, Her buskins gemmed with morning dew), Blew an inspiring air, that dale and thicket rung. Collins' Ode. The Passions. BUSKINS anciently were adapted to either foot, and worn by either sex. This part of dress, covering both the foot and mid leg, was tied below the knee; it was very rich, and principally used on the stage by actors in tragedy. It was of a quadrangular form; and the sole was so thick, that by means thereof, men of ordinary stature might be raised to the elevation of the heroes they personated. The color was generally purple on the stage; herein it was distinguished from the sock worn in comedy, that being only a low common shoe. The buskin seems to have been worn not only by actors but by girls, to raise their height; travellers and hunters also made use of it to defend themselves from the mire. In classic authors, we frequently find the buskin used for tragedy itself, as it was a mark of tragedy on the stage. It was also to be understood for a lofty strain or high style. BUSS', v. & n. Per. bosu, from boos, poos, the lips; Lat. basium; Fr. baiser; Ital. bacio, Span. buz, which approaches nearest to the English, but all these may have the same root with kiss, by the frequent intermutation of k and p. A kiss; to kiss; to salute with the lips. Yonder walls, that partly front your town, Go to them with this bonnet in thy hand, R. Brunne, p. 149. Buss'. Used only in composition, as in blunderbuss, but common in all Gothic dialects, as bos, bus, busche, a barrel, a tube, supposed to be from Lat. burus. Buss, is a small vessel, used by the English and Dutch in the herring fishery, commonly from forty-eight to sixty tons burden, and sometimes more: a buss has two small sheds or cabins, one at the prow and the other at the stern; that at the prow serves for a kitchen. Every buss has a master, an assistant, a mate, and seamen in proportion to the size of the vessel; the master commands in chief, and without his express orders the nets cannot be cast nor taken up; the assistant has the command after him; and the mate next, whose business is to see the seamen manage their rigging in a proper manner, to mind those who draw in their nets, and those who kill, gut, and cure the herrings, as they are taken out of the sea: the seamen generally engage for a whole voyage in the lump. The provision which they take on board the busses, consists commonly in biscuit, oat meal, and dried or salt fish; the crew being content for the rest with what fresh fish they catch. See FISHERIES. BUSSA, a large sort of vessel of war, in use historians under the denomination of bussa, busin the middle age, spoken of by antiquaries and cia, burcia, buza, bucea, and bucia. BUSSARA, or BASSORA. See BASSORA. BUSSORES, from Bassora, whence they were originally brought, a name given by some to that species of pigeon called the carrier BUSSULUS. See BUSHEL. See BUST'. Ital. busto; Fr. buste; Lat. bustum, ustum, from uro, buro, to burn. It signifies a the dead. It retains the name, though the cushalf statue usually placed over the ashes of tom in which it originated, in Christian nations, has been long obsolete. Agrippa, or Caligula, is a common coin, but a very extraordinary bust; and a Tiberius a rare coin, but a common bust. Addison on Italy. Ambition sighed she found it vain to trust The faithless column, and the crumbling bust. Id. Thou dost give me flattering busses.-By my troth, I kiss thee with a most constant heart. Id. Popc This night, no bust or picture claims your praise; Our claim's superior-we his spirit raise! Garrick's Prologues. What though no marble-piled bust Adorn his desolated dust, With speaking sculpture wrought! Pity shall woo the weeping Nine To build a visionary shrine, Hung with unfading flowers, from fairy regions brought. Warton. Stop-for thy tread is on an empire's dust! An earthquake's spoil is sepulchred below! Is the spot marked with no colossal bust? Nor column trophied for triumphal show? None but the moral's truth tells simpler so; As the ground was before, thus let it be ;How that red rain hath made the harvest grow Byron's Childe Harold. BUST, or BUSTO, in sculpture, denotes the figure or portrait of a person in relievo, showing only the head, shoulders, and stomach, the arms being lopped off; ordinarily placed on a pedestal or console. In speaking of an antique, we say the head is marble, and the bust porphyry, or bronze, that is, the stomach and shoulders. Felibien observes, that though, in painting, one may say a figure appears in busto, yet it is not properly called a bust, that word being confined to things in relievo. The bust is the same with what the Latins called Herma, from the Greek Hermes, Mercury, the image of that god being frequently represented in this manner among the Athenians. Bust is also used, especially by the Italians, for the trunk of a human body, from the neck to the hips. BUSTA GALLICA, was a place in ancient Rome wherein the bones of the Gauls, who first took the city, and were slain by Camillus, were deposited. It differed from BUSTA GALLORUM, a place on the Appennines, so called from many thousands of Gauls being killed there by Fabius. BUS TARD, a bird resembling a turkey. Barb. Lat. and Ital. tarda, avis, tarda; Ital. avatarda; Fr. outarde; the Lat. tarda does not apply to this bird, unless in the sense of late in taking wing. His sacrifices were phenicopters, peacocks, bustards, turkeys, pheasants; and all these were daily offered. Hakewill. BUSTARD, in ornithology. See OTIS. BUSTARD BAY, a bay on the east coast of New Holland, where ships may lie in safety, and obtain fresh water. Lat. 24° 4' S., long. 208° 18′. BUSTARIÆ MOECHE, in antiquity, according to some, women that were hired to accompany the funeral and lament the loss of the deceased but others are of opinion, that they were rather common prostitutes, who stood among the tombs, graves, and other such lonely places. BUSTLE, v. & n. BUSTLER, BUSTLINGS. Frequentative of busy; to hurry; to stir; to have O much to do; to be active; BUSTUARII, in Roman antiquity, gladiators who fought about the bustum or funeral pile of a person of distinction, that the blood which was spilt, might serve as a sacrifice to the infernal gods, and render then more propitious to the manes of the deceased. This custom was introduced in the room of the more inhuman one of sacrificing captives at the bustum, or on the tombs of warriors. BUSTUM, in antiquity, denotes a pyramid or pile of wood, whereon were anciently placed the bodies of the deceased, in order to be burnt. The Romans borrowed from the Greeks the custom of burning their dead. The deceased, crowned with flowers, and dressed in his richest habits, was laid on the bustum. Some authors say, it was only called bustum, after the burning, quasi bene ustum: before the burning it was more properly called pyra; during it rogus; and afterwards bustum. When the body was only burnt there, and buried elsewhere, the place was not properly called bustum, but ustrina, or ustrinum. Bustum was also figuratively applied to denote any tomb. Whence those phrases, facere bustum, violare bustum, &c. BUSTUM, in the Campus Martius, was a structure whereon the emperor Augustus first, and after him the bodies of his successors, were burnt. It was built of white stone, surrounded with an iron palisade, and planted withinside with alder trees. BU'SY, v. & adj. BU'SILESS, BU'SILY, BU'SINESS, Sax. bysig; Bel. bizig; from Goth. bua, to arrange; to prepare; employed; active; officious; meddling; industrious; troublesome; vexatiously intrusive and importunate; a busy-body is a vain, meddling, fantastical person. BU'SY BODY. Full besy was Grisilde in every thing, Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. He in great passion all this while did dwell, More busying his quick eyes her face to view, Than his dull ears to hear what she did tell. Faerie Queene. Must business thee from hence remove? Oh! that's the worst disease of love. Donne. |