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of the Paradise of Coquettes. In the following year he lost his amiable and excellent mother, to commemorate whose virtues he composed his Agnes, published in 1818. A real mother's smile was never more beautifully described.

But age has still, all gentle and benign, Another form,-and O! that form was thine ;— The smile, which youth, when gayer eyes are round, Oft turns to seek,-more happy, when 'tis found; The glance that bids but wrath or sorrow cease; The peaceful voice, which but to hear is peace; The temper, milder, as the years that part Loose many a ruffling care which galled the heart; And all the soul, to holiest wishes given, More pure, more heavenly, as still nearer heaven.

His poem Emily succeeded the above in 1819. His biographer admits that his fame as a philosopher suffered by this evident devotion to the Muses: but pleads in extenuation, the rapidity with which he arrived at the knowledge of all the abstruse questions of moral philosophy, and the weariness that the further investigation of them excited in his mind! We must leave the facts and this singular plea with the reader, regretting still that in his important situation, and for a philosopher so gifted, such an apology should be necessary-as also that we cannot here indulge ourselves with extracting some of those beautiful productions of his muse, which will prove his best defence at the bar of posterity.

In the summer of 1819 he began to print the first part of his Course of Lectures, and returned to Edinburgh in the autumn, apparently in high health: but just before the Christmas vacation he became unwell, and confined himself during the holidays to his house. His only complaint at this time seemed to be an encreasing quickness of pulse when composing, and a feeling of weakness. When he again met his class the lecture unhappily was one of great moral interest. It is the thirty-fifth in the printed course. He was observed to repeat with unusual emphasis the extract from Beattie's Hermit-concluding

with

Nor yet for the ravage of winter I mourn, Kind nature the embryo blossom will save,

But when shall spring visit the mouldering urn O! when shall it dawn on the night of the grave? and this was the last lecture he delivered. He was now compelled to find a substitute in Mr. John Stewart, and the regret he felt at being unable to attend his class is said to have rapidly increased his disorder. In the beginning of February he retired to the country seat of his friend Dr. Charles Stewart; and here a dreadful storm, succeeded by heavy falls of snow, evidently shattered his declining frame. His biographer visited him here for the last time, and found him in bed. The very first look impressed him, he says, with the mournful presage that there was nothing to hope. His face was pale, his cheeks excessively sunk; but, amidst the death of every other feature, his eye had all its former mild intelligence. He complained at this time that his friends pressed him to go abroad; and consented with reluctance shortly after to undertake a voyage to London At sea he felt relieved, es

VOL. IV.

pecially when the vessel was in rapid motion' and revived a little at Brompton; but soon gradually sunk into the most distressing weakness, and finally died in his drawing-room on the 2nd of April, 1820, suddenly, but without the least apparent pain.

The character of Dr. Brown as a philosopher is already too well estimated to require any further comment here. We are particularly pleased with the gentleness and sweet domestic manners with which it was united in this distinguished person and the eulogium of his man-servant surpasses that of many that mark the marble' of such tombs as his. My master always had a happy face, but it never looked so happy as when he was coming in at his own door. To his mother and sister he read everything he wrote, often more than once; and so enjoyed his family circle, that, after being called to the moral philosophy chair, he allowed himself only two days in the week to go abroad. So perfect, it is said, was his command over his temper, that an angry word was hardly ever heard from him. Yet he never submitted to disrespectful treatment; a look of his would instantaneously produce the most perfect silence among his pupils. In af'fection, as a son and brother,' says his warm friend and biographer, Mr. Welsh, he was unequalled. He was kind and considerate as a master, and his friendship was truly invaluable.' As a poet, he is of the school of Pope, and has many claims to be ranked as 'a brother-near the throne.'

BROWN (William), a late eminent engraver of gems, was in early life much patronised by the empress Catharine of Russia, in whose cabinet his best specimens are preserved. He was afterwards employed at Paris by Louis XVI., and, being driven by the revolution to England, produced a beautiful set of portraits, now the property of his Majesty. He died in John-street, Fitzroy-square, July 20th, 1825, aged seventy-six.

BROWN'BILL, n. s. From brown and bill. The ancient weapon of the English foot; why it is called brown I have not discovered; but we now say brown musket from it.

And brownbills, levied in the city, Made bills to pass the grand committee. Hudibras. BROWNE (George), archbishop of Dublin, and the first prelate who embraced the doctrines of the reformation in Ireland, was originally an Austin-friar of London, and was educated near Halywell, Oxford. He afterwards became provincial of his order, and having obtained his degree of D. D. abroad, was admitted to the same at Oxford and Cambridge, in 1534. After reading Luther's writings he began to teach the people. This recommended him to Henry VIII. who, in 1535, promoted him to be archbishop of Dublin, and nominated him one of the commissioners for abolishing the papal supremacy in Ireland. In 1551 king Edward VI. gave him the additional honor of primate of all Ireland; but in 1554 he was deposed by queen Mary, on pretence of his being married. He published a work against keeping the Scriptures in the Latin tongue, and against the worship of images. He died in 1556.

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BROWNE (William), an English poet of the seventeenth century, born at Tavistock, in 1590. He was sent to Exeter College, Oxford, in the beginning of the reign of James I. and became tutor to Robert Dormer, afterwards earl of Carnarvon. After he had left college with his pupil, he was taken into the family of William earl of Pembroke. His poetical works procured him great reputation. They are, 1. Britannia's Pastorals. The first part was published at London, 1616, in folio; and ushered into the world with verses by his friends John Selden, Michael Drayton, Christopher Cook, &c. The second part was printed at London in 1616, and recommended by verses written by John Glanville, (afterwards eminent in the law) and others. 2. The Shepherd's Pipe, in seven eclogues. Lond. 1614, in 8vo. 3. An Elegy on the never enough bewailed death of prince Henry, eldest son of king James I.

however, professedly answered by one writer, Alexander Ross, in a work entitled Medicus Medicatus, which was never much noticed. In 1637 he was incorporated M. D. in the university of Oxford, and then settled at Norwich as a physician, where he obtained considerable practice. Shortly after, his reputation procured his admission as an honorary member of the Royal College of Physicians, London. In 1641 he married Mrs. Dorothy Mileham, a lady of a good family in Norfolk, and of great personal as well as mental endowments; but the qualities of the lady did not protect him from the sarcasms of the wits, who remembered that he had described the taking a wife as 'the foolishest thing a wise man did.'

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In 1646 appeared his Pseudoxia Epidemica, or Treatise on Vulgar Errours, a work received like the former, with great applause. Amongst these errors he ranks the Copernican system, and mentions the idea of the earth's motion more than once with perfect contempt. He was not unwilling to pay labor for truth,' says Johnson, and combats with great learning and ingenuity, numerous notions or opinions on natural and otherobjects, which had obtained general credit, not only among the common people, but among physicians and other literary persons.' In the latter part of his life we apprehend, however, that a little labor might have brought him better acquainted with the brilliant discoveries of some of his contemporaries. In 1658 he published Hydriotaphia, or Discourse on Urn-burial, together with the garden of Cyrus, or the Quincunxial Lozenge, or Net-work Plantation of the Ancients, &c. a work sufficient of itself to establish his claim to prodigious learning was knighted in 1671 by Charles II. as he passed through Norwich; and died in that city, on his seventy-seventh birth-day, in1682.

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BROWNE (Sir Thomas), M. D. now principally known as the author of Vulgar Errours, was of respectable parentage, and was left an ample fortune by his father, who died young. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford, and was the first man of eminence, as Ward observes, who graduated at Pembroke College. He devoted himself to the study of physic, and having taken his degree of A. M. practised for a short time in Oxfordshire. After this he visited his mother, who was then with her second husband, Sir Thomas Dutton, in Ireland, and travelled over a great part of that country with his fatherin-law. He now went to France, and spent some time at Montpelier; visited Padua; and thence proceeded to Leyden, where he continued until he took his doctor's degree. This was about the year 1633. There is no authentic account of his travels. To consider, therefore,' says Dr. Johnson, 'what pleasure or instruction might He left several tracts, says Whitefoot, in his have been received from the remarks of a man closet, which he intended to publish; and two so curious and diligent, would be voluntarily to collections of them made their appearance, one indulge a painful reflection, and load the edited by Dr. Jennison, the other in 1722 by an imagination with a wish, which, while it is anonymous editor. Dr. Johnsor's fine observaformed, is known to be vain. It is, however, tions on his style we cannot omit. It is not on to be lamented, that those who are most capable the praises of others, but on his own writings, of improving mankind, very frequently neglect that he is to depend for the esteem of posterity to communicate their knowledge; either because of which he will not easily be deprived, while it is more pleasing to gather ideas than to impart learning shall have any reverence among them, or because to minds naturally great, few men; for there is no science in which he does things appear of so much importance as to de- not discover some skill, and scarcely any kind serve the notice of the public. of knowledge, profane or sacred, abstruse or elegant, which he does not appear to have cultivated with success. His style is vigorous, but rugged; learned, but pedantic; deep, but obscure; it strikes, but does not please. His tropes are harsh and his combinations uncouth. In defence, however, of his uncommon words and expressions, it should be considered, that his sentiments were uncommon, and that he was not content to express in many words, that idea for which any language could supply a single term.' As Browne has been accused of infidelity, the following extract, from his Treatise on Urns, may do some justice to his sentiments on the subject of a future state; and will, at the same time, exhibit some characteristics of his style. With these hopes Socrates warmed his doubtful spirits against the cold potion; and Cato, before he durst give the fatal stroke, spent part of the

In 1764 was published, in London, his Religio Medici, the MS. of which, as Browne alleged, was obtained surreptitiously, but Johnson regards this as a mere stratagem of authorship. On this Sir Kenelm Digby published observations, which are now generally bound up with it. The remarks are acute and ingenious, but what seems most wonderful is, that it cost the writer only twenty-four hours in procuring, reading, and making annotations on the book. The Religio Medici, was soon after translated into Latin by Mr. Merryweather, a gentleman of Cambridge, and from his version it was again translated into Italian, German, Dutch, and French. An edition of the Latin version was published at Strasburg, with large notes by L. Nicolaus Moltfarius. The peculiarities of this book raised the author many admirers, and many enemies; it was only,

night in reading the immortality of Plato, thereby confirming his wavering hand unto the animosity of that attempt.-It is the heaviest stone that melancholy can throw at a man to tell him he is at the end of his nature; or that there is no further state to come, unto which this seems progressional, and otherwise made in vain: without this accomplishment, the natural expectation and desire of such a state were but a fallacy in nature: unsatisfied considerators would quarrel at the justness of the constitution, and rest content that Adam had fallen lower, whereby, by knowing no other original, and deeper ignorance of themselves, they might have enjoyed the happiness of inferior creatures; who in tranquillity possess their constitutions, as having not the apprehension to deplore their own natures; and being framed below the circumference of these hopes of cognition of better things, the wisdom of God hath necessitated their contentment.'

BROWNE (Isaac Hawkins), an ingenious English poet, born at Burton upon Trent, January 21st 1705-6; of which place his father was the minister. He received his grammatical instruction first at Litchfield, then at Westminster; whence, at sixteen years of age, he was removed to Trinity College, Cambridge. He remained there till he had taken the degree of M. A. and about 1727 settled in Lincoln's Inn, where he devoted more of his time to the muses than to the law. He wrote several poems, particularly one on Design and Beauty, which he addressed to Mr. Highmore the painter, for whom he had a great friendship: and the Pipe of Tobacco; in imitation of Cibber, Ambrose Philips, Thomson, Young, Pope, and Swift, who were then all living. This is reckoned one of the most pleasing and popular of his performances. In 1743-4 he married the daughter of Dr. Trimnell, archdeacon of Leicester. He was twice chosen to serve in parliament, in 1744 and 1748, for the borough of Wenlock in Shropshire; near which place he had a considerable estate, left by his maternal grandfather, Isaac Hawkins, Esq. In 1754 he published what was deemed his principal work, De Animi Immortalitate, in two books; in which, besides a most judicious choice of matter and arrangement, he is thought to have shown himself a happy imitator of Lucretius and Virgil. The great popularity of this poem produced several English translations of it; the best of which is that by Soame Jenyns, printed in his Miscellanies. Mr. Browne intended to have added a third part, but left only a fragment. This excellent person died, after a lingering illness, in 1760, aged fifty-five. In 1768 his son Hawkins Browne, Esq. published an elegant edition of his father's poems, in large 8vo. to which is prefixed a print of the author, from a painting of Mr. Highmore, engraved by Ravenet.

BROWNE (William G.), an English traveller, visited the kingdoms of Darfur and Bornou in the interior of Africa, and was the first who made those countries known to Europeans. Returning to England he published in 1799 Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Assyria, from 1792 to 1798,' 4to. He subsequently went to Asia, and in a journey through Persia, about 1814, lost his life under circumstances which have never been

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fully understood. He had staid some time a Constantinople, to perfect himself in the Turkish language; and thinking it would facilitate his progress among the Asiatic tribes, he assumed the Turkish costume. Thus equipped he set off with an intention to penetrate through Khorasan, and then visit the Caspian and Astrachan. During the early part of his journey he had a conference with Sir Gore Ouseley, the British ambassador; and at Oujon was admitted to an audience of the king of Persia. Proceeding on his route, he reached the pass of Irak, where he stopped to take some refreshment. He now mounted his horse, and, leaving the servant to pack up and follow him, rode gently forward along the mountains; but had scarcely gone forward half a mile, when two men on foot suddenly coming behind him, one of them with a club struck him senseless from his horse. veral others instantly made their appearance, and bound him hand and foot. As soon as he recovered the use of his faculties, he saw the banditti plundering his baggage, with which his servant had in the mean time come up. He was told by the wretches into whose hands he had fallen, that they intended to put an end to his life, though not in that place. Finding expostulation useless, and incapable of resistance, he merely entreated them to spare his servant, and allow him to depart with his papers, which could be of no use to them. This they agreed to; and what will appear more singular, the assassins, who might be supposed to consider arms as acquisitions of the utmost importance, made the man a present of his master's pistols and doublebarrelled gun. They then suffered Mr. Browne to see his servant safe off, who immediately returned to Tabreez, and related what had occurred. Abbas Mirza, prince of Persia, now despatched several parties of horsemen to search the pass of the caravanserai and its neighbourhood, and in a valley on the opposite side of the mountain they found the corpse of the unfortunate traveller, which had been left naked and exposed to the beasts of the forest. It was by the prince's orders conveyed to Akhand, and interred. See Sir R. K. Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, c. 4to.

BROWNEA, or BROWNIA, in botany, a genus of the endecandria order, in the monadelphia class of plants: CAL. bifid; COR. double, the exterior quinquefid, and the interior pentapetalous; legume unilocular. Species four; all natives of South America, and magnificent plants; especially B. corcinea and B. rosa de monte with heads of red flowers as large as a cocoa-nut.

BROWNISTS, a religious sect, which sprung out of the Puritans, towards the close of the sixteenth century: so named from their leader, Robert BROWN, which see. They were also called Barrowists, from another of their preachers. To avoid the persecutions of the English bishops, Brown, with his congregation, left the kingdom, and settled at Middleburgh in Zealand; where they obtained leave of the states to worship God in their own way, and form a church according to their own model; which they had not long done before they began to differ among themselves, and divide in'o so many parties, that

Brown, their pastor, grew weary of his office; and returned to England in 1589. This was attended with the dissolution of the church at Middleburgh; but the seeds of Brownism, sown in England, were so far from being rooted out, that Sir Walter Raleigh in a speech, in 1592, computes no less than 20,000 Brownists. The occasion of their separation was not the faith, but only the discipline and form of government of the churches in England. They equally charged corruption on the episcopal and presbyterian forms; nor would they join with any other reformed church, because they were not assured of the sanctity and regeneration of the members that composed it; on account of the toleration of sinners, with whom they maintained it an impiety to communicate. They condemned the solemn celebration of marriages in the church; maintaining, that matrimony being a political contract, the confirmation thereof ought to come from the civil magistrate; an opinion in which they are not singular. They would not allow any children to be baptised of such as were not members of the church, or of such as did not take sufficient care of those baptised before. They rejected all forms of prayer; and held that the Lord's prayer was not to be recited as a prayer, being only given for a rule or model whereon all our prayers are to be formed. Their form of church government was democratical. When a church was to be gathered, such as desired to be members made a confession of it, and signed a covenant, by which they obliged themselves to walk together in the order of the gospel. The whole power of admitting and excluding members, with the decision of all controversies, was lodged

in the brotherhood. Their church officers were chosen from among themselves, for preaching the word, and taking care of the poor, and separated to their several offices by fasting, prayer, and imposition of hands of some of the brethren. But they did not allow the priesthood to be any distinct order. As the vote of the brotherhood made a man a minister, and gave him authority to preach and administer the sacraments among them, so the same power could discharge him from his office, and reduce him to a mere layman again. Ard, as they maintained the bounds of a church to be no greater than what could meet together in one place and join in one communior, so the power of these officers was prescribed within the same limits. The minister or pastor of one church could not administer the Lord's supper to another, nor baptise the children of any but those of his own society. Any lay brother was allowed the liberty of giving a word of exhortation to the people; and it was usual for some of them, after sermon, to ask questions, and reason upon the doctrines that had been preached. In a word, every church on their model is a body corporate, having full power to do everything which the good of the society requires, without being accountable to any class, synod, convocation, or other jurisdiction whatever. Most of their discipline has been adopted by the Independents, a party which afterwards arose from among the Brownists. The laws were executed with great severity on the Brownists; their books were prohibited by queen Elizabeth, and their persons imprisoned, and many of them

were hanged. The ecclesiastical commission, and the star-chamber, distressed them to such a degree that they resolved to quit their country. Accordingly, many families retired and settled at Amsterdam, where they formed a church, and chose Mr. Johnson their pastor; and after him Mr. Ainsworth, author of the learned commentary on the Pentateuch. Their church flourished near 100 years. See INDEPENDENTS.

BROWNSTUD'Y, n. s. From brown and study. Gloomy meditations; study in which we direct our thoughts to no certain point.

They live retired, and then they doze away their time in drowsiness and brownstudies; or, if brisk and active, they lay themselves out wholly in making common places.

Norris.

BROWNSVILLE, or Redstone Old Fort, situated in Fayette county, on the south-east a flourishing post town of Pennsylvania. It is bank of Monongahela river, between Dunlop and Redston creeks; over the former a bridge has small village on the opposite side of the creek, been erected, which connects Bridge-port, a with Brownsville. It is 260 feet long, fourteen broad, and thirty-six feet in height. The town is laid out in regular streets, crossing each other at right angles. Boats are built here for trade and emigration to Kentucky. It is thirty-five miles south by east of Pittsburg, twelve north-west of Union, twenty-five south-east by east of Washington, and 310 west of Philadelphia.

BROWNY, a serviceable kind of sprite, who, according to a superstitious notion, formerly prevalent in the Hebrides and Highlands of Scotland (as well as among the country people in England, where he had the name of Robin Goodfellow), was wont to clean the houses, help to churn, thresh the corn, and belabor all that pretended to make a jest of him. He was represented as stout and blooming, had fine long flowing hair, and went about with a wand in his hand. He was the very counter part of Milton's Lubber Fiend.

BROWSE', v. & n. Į Ital. broscare; Fr. brouBROWS'ING. ter; from Lat. abrodo, or Spwow. See BRUSHWOOD. To feed on young shoots or branches of trees.

And being down, is trod in the dirt

Of cattle, and broused, and sorely hurt. Spenser.
Thy palate then did deign

The roughest berry on the rudest hedge :
The barks of trees thou brousedst.
Yea, like the stag, when snow the pasture sheets,
Shakspeare.

They have scared away two of my best sheep; if any where I have them, 'tis by the sea-side, browsing ivy. Id.

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The greedy lioness the wolf pursues, The wolf the kid, the wanton kid the browse. Dryden. Could eat the tender plant, and, by degrees, Browse on the shrubs, and crop the budding trees. Blackmore.

On that cloud-piercing-hill, Pliulimmon, from afar, the traveller kens, Astonished, how the goats their shrubby browse Gnaw pendent. Philips.

But, peering down each precipice, the goat Browseth. Byron. Childe Harolde. BROWTING; brouter; among the French gardeners, signifies breaking off the tips of the slender branches of trees, when too long in proportion to their strength.

BRUCE (James), Esq. of Kinnaird, F. R. S., one of the most celebrated travellers known in history, was born at Kinnaird in Stirlingshire, December 14th, 1728. He was instructed in classical learning at Harrow. Returning to Scotland, he intended to study the law; but, from the barbarity of his step-mother, a daughter of the ate Governor Glen, he resolved to push his fortune in the East Indies. But, not procuring an appointment in the Company's service, he engaged in partnership with Mr. Allen, merchant, London, whose daughter he married, but lost within a year after. To dispel grief he travelled, but, his father dying in 1758, he returned to Britain to take possession of the inheritance of his ancestors. About this time Lord Chatham intended to employ Mr. Bruce upon a particular service, but his resignation soon after put it out of his power. Similar intentions were entertained by Lord Egremont, but his lordship's death prevented the fulfilment. It fell to the lot of the earl of Halifax to do more than fulfil the intentions of his predecessors, by pointing out a scene of action to Mr. Bruce, where his abilities have since been exerted with so much honor to himself and his country. To explore the coast of Barbary; to investigate its natural history, ancient architecture, and other curiosities, hitherto little known or illustrated by former travellers; and to make large additions to the royal collection; were the outlines of his lordship's plan. To discover the source of the Nile was also mentioned, but rather as an object to be wished than hoped for, from so young a traveller. The resignation of the consul of Algiers at this time, and the death of his newly appointed successor, favored the earl's plan; who pressed Mr. Bruce to accept of the consulship; which he did the more cheerfully, that the transit of Venus was at hand, which he hoped to see from Algiers. Within a year after his arrival there he qualified himself, by the acquisition of the Arabic, to appear without an interpreter. At Algiers he was detained longer than he expected, in consequence of a dispute with the Dey concerning Mediterranean passes. The business being adjusted, he proceeded to Mahon, and from Mahon to Carthage. He afterwards visited Tunis and Tripoli, and travelled over the interior parts of those states. At Bengazi, a small town on the Mediterranean, he suffered shipwreck, and with extreme difficulty saved his life, though with the loss of all his baggage. He afterwards sailed to the isles of Rhodes and Cyprus; and, proceeding to Asia Minor, travelled through a considerable part of Syria and Palestine, visiting Latakia, Aleppo, and Tripoli, near which last city he was again in imminent danger of perishing in a river. The ruins of Palmyra and Baalbec were next carefully surveyed and sketched by him; and his drawings of these places are deposited in the king's library at Kew; the most magnificent present, in that line, to use his own words, 'ever made by a subject to his sovereign.' Bruce now prepared for the grand expedition, the accomplishment of which had ever been nearest his heart, the discovery of the source of the Nile. In the prosecution of that great and dangerous object, he left Sidon on the 15th of

June 1768, and arrived at Alexandria on the 20th of that month. He proceeded from thence to Cairo, where he continued till the 12th of December, when he embarked on the Nile, and sailed up that river as far as Syene, visiting in the course of his voyage the ruins of Thebes. Leaving Kenne on the Nile, 16th of February 1769, he crossed the desert of the Thebaid to Cosseir on the Red Sea, and arrived at Jidda on the 3d of May. In Arabia Felix he remained, not without making several excursions, till the 3d of September, when he sailed from Loheia, and arrived on the 19th at Masuah, where he was detained near two months by the treachery and avarice of the Naybe of that place. It was not till the 15th of November that he was allowed to quit Arkeeko near Masuah; and he arrived 15th of February 1770 at Gondar, the capital of Abyssinia, where he ingratiated himself with the most considerable persons of both sexes belonging to the court. Several months were employed in attendance on the king; and in an unsuccessful expedition round the lake of Dambea. Towards the end of October, Bruce set out for the source of the Nile, at which long desired spot he arrived on the 14th of November; and his feelings on the accomplishment of his wishes cannot better be expressed than in his own words: 'It is easier to guess than to describe the situation of my mind at that moment; standing in that spot which had baffled the genius, industry, and enquiry of both ancients and moderns, for the course of nearly 3000 years. Kings had attempted this discovery at the head of armies, and each expedition was distinguished from the last, only by the difference of the numbers which had perished, and agreed alone in the disappointment which had uniformly and without exception followed them all. Fame, riches, and honor, had been held out for a series of ages to every individual of those myriads those princes commanded, without having produced one man capable of gratifying the curiosity of his sovereign, or wiping off the stain upon the enterprise and abilities of mankind, or adding this desideratum for the encouragement of geography. Though a mere private Briton, I triumphed here in my own mind over kings and their armies; and every comparison was leading nearer and nearer to the presumption, when the place itself where I stood, the object of my vain glory, suggested what depressed my short-lived triumphs. I was but a few minutes arrived at the source of the Nile, through numberless dangers and sufferings, the least of which would have overwhelmed me, but for the continual goodness and protection of Providence; I was, however, then but half through my journey, and all those dangers which I had already passed, awaited me again on my return. I found a despondency gaining ground fast upon me, and blasting the crown of laurels I had too rashly woven for myself.' He now bent his thoughts on his return to his native country, and arrived at Gondar 19th of November 1770; but found, after repeated solicitations, that it was not an easy task to obtain permission to quit Abyssinia. A civil war in the mean time breaking out, no uncommon occurrence in that barbarous country, several engagements took place between the king's forces and the rebels,

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