abbey, the latter of which was plundered when taken by the English in 1225. These stand near Lough Key. Distant eighteen miles south of Sligo, twenty-three N. N. W. of Longford, and eighty-four from Dublin.

BOYNE, a river in Ireland, which rises in Queen's county, near the source of the Barrow, and running, north-east by Trim and Cavan, falls at last into the Irish channel, a little below Drogheda. It will admit vessels of 150 tons burden up to that town, and has excellent internal communications with other parts of Ireland by means of canals. About two miles from Drogheda, was fought, in June 1690, the celebrated battle which bears in history the name of the river, and which, as deciding the final retreat of James II. from the British throne, may claim to be shortly sketched in this place. James II. having received a reinforcement of 6000 infantry from France, had been in no small degree surprised to learn at Dublin on the 20th., that his son-in-law had been in Ireland at the head of 36,000 men for six days. His own army amounted to about this number, exclusive of his troops in garrison. He now therefore left Dublin under escort of Luttrel's militia, and, occupying a very advantageous post on the banks of the Boyne, resolved to hazard a battle with the English army. His ally Louis XIV. had promised to equip a fleet to destroy William's transports, on the return of his convoy, which was now seen sailing along the coasts, and a council of war advised James to wait the issue of the naval operations. But he was determined to have, as he said, 'one good blow' for his crown. The river in front of his position was deep, and skirted by a morass and a rising ground: so that a superior force could here be easily repulsed; and, with all his own personal bravery, he seems to have taken it for granted that his rival would attack him.

William III. arrived at the opposite bank of the Boyne on the evening preceding the battle, and being observed, as he was reconnoitring the position of the enemy, received a wound from a field-piece. A man and two horses were killed at his side, and a ball rebounding from the earth grazed his right shoulder, and produced some confusion among his attendants. The adherents of James perceiving this, shouted that he was killed; the rumor spread through the Irish camp, and was conveyed to Dublin, and thence to France; where bonfires and illuminations were ordered in token of the great monarch's joy. In the meantime William rode through his own line, little affected by the accident, held a council of war at night, and resolved, against the advice of the duke of Schomberg, to pass the river with his army, and advance upon the enemy in three divisions in the morning.

At six o'clock, lieutenant-general Douglas led on the right wing of the English infantry towards Slanebridge, and passed it without much opposition; but soon perceived the enemy in considerable force on the other side of the morass, where he waited for reinforcements; and then harged through this disadvantageous ground with his infantry, while the young count Schomberg rode round it with the cavalry, and attacked the Irish in flank. They instantly fled in all direc

tions. King James however directed a reinforcement to be sent to this quarter from the centre, and was successfully holding the English forces in check, when William's main body passed the river, breast high, under protection of his artillery. James's cannon had been most unthinkingly removed from the opposite side, where only a body of musketeers opposed a feeble fire to the impetuosity of the assailing battalions. Before they could form, however, general Hamilton brought up a considerable body of infantry and cavalry, who for a while produced some confusion among king William's troops. At this moment, the old duke Schomberg passed the Boyne at the head of the French Protestants, and so impetuously mingled himself and his men among the enemy. that he received a fatal shot as it was supposed from his own supporters. The infantry of James now rallied; but William passing the river in person with his left wing, attacked them so vigorously, that they appeared struck with a sudden panic; halted, and commenced their retreat to the village of Dunore. Here an intrepid stand was made on behalf of James; and his valiant rival, at the head of his choicest troops, was compelled for a short time to give way. The whole wing would have been routed, it is said, but for the timely arrival of the dragoon regiments of Cunningham and Levison, who dismounted and raked the enemy with a murderous fire through the hedges. William had thus time to re-form his cavalry, and the Irish abandoned the field. During the whole action, king James had posted himself on the hill of Dunore, surrounded with a small body of horse, and seeing the victory decidedly incline towards his opponent, rode off for Dublin, where he arrived that evening.

In this battle, lords Dongan and Carlingford, the marquis of Hocquincourt,and Sir Neile O'Neile fell in his service. On the other side, the brave and experienced duke Schomberg; Caillemotte, a French Protestant general of great valor and talent; and Walker, the clergyman of Londonderry, who had been so conspicuous in the siege of that place. King William displayed the greatest personal courage while he fought upon the worse military theory; James was evidently careful of his person, until in a fair pitched battle, with considerable advantages on his side, he lost his confidence and his crown.

BOYS, BOYSE, or Bois (John), one of the translators of the Bible in the reign of James I. was the son of William Bois, rector of West Stowe, and born at Nettlestead in Suffolk, in 1560. The rudiments of learning were taught him by his father, and his capacity was such, that at five years of age he read the Bible in Hebrew. At fourteen he was admitted of St. John's College Cambridge, where he distinguished himself by his skill in Greek. Happening to have the smallpox when he was elected fellow, he, to preserve his seniority, caused himself to be carried in blankets to be admitted. He for some time studied medicine, and was ten years chief Greek lecturer in his college, and read every day. For some years he voluntarily read a Greek lecture at four in the morning, in his own chamber. On the death of his father, he succeeded him in the rectory. At the age of thirty-six, he married

the daughter of Mr. Holt, rector of Boxworth, whom he succeeded in that living, Oct. 13th 1596. Here his young wife proving a bad economist, and he himself being wholly addicted to his studies, he soon became so much involved in debt, that he was obliged to sell his choice collection of books, consisting of almost every Greek author then extant. When a new translation of the Bible was by king James I. directed tobe made, Mr. Boys was elected one of the Cambridge contributors. He performed not only his own, but also the part assigned to another, with great reputation; though with no profit, for he had no allowance but his commons. He was also one of the six who met at Stationers' Hall to revise the whole. He afterwards assisted Sir Henry Saville in publishing the works of St. Chrysostom. In 1615 Dr. Lancelot Andrews, bishop of Ely, bestowed on him, unasked, a prebend in his church. He died 14th Jan. 1643, aged eighty-four. He left many MSS. particularly a commentary on almost all the New Testament.-When a young student at Cambridge, he is said to have received from the learned Dr. Whitaker three rules for avoiding those distempers which usually attend a sedentary life; to which he adhered with equal constancy and success. The first was, to study always standing; the second, never to study in a window; and the third, never to go to bed with

his feet cold.

BOYSE (Samuel), a poet of the last century, was a man remarkable for the fineness of his genius, the lowness of his manners, and the wretchedness of his life. He was born in 1708, and received the rudiments of his education in Dublin. When he was eighteen years old, his father, a dissenting minister, sent him to the University of Glasgow, to finish his education. He had not been a year there, when he fell in love with a daughter of a tradesman of that city, and terminated his education by marrying her before he had entered his twentieth year. His extravagance soon exposing him to want, and obliged him to go over with his wife and sister to Dublin. The whole three it is said were notorious libertines. An estate his father possessed in Yorkshire was sold to discharge his debts. Soon after his father's death, we find Mr. Boyse at Edinburgh, where his poetical genius raised him many friends, and some patrons of eminence. He published a volume of poems in 1731, to which he subjoined The Tablature of Cebes, and a Letter on Liberty, inserted in the Dublin Journal, 1726; addressed to the countess of Eglinton. On the death of viscountess Stormont, Boyse wrote an elegy, entitled The Tears of the Muses, which was much applauded by her ladyship's relations. Lord Stormont on this occasion ordered a handsome present to be given to Boyse by his attor

ney.

The duchess of Gordon now employed her interest in procuring a place for him, and gave him a letter which he was to deliver to one of the commissioners of the customs at Edinburgh, but it happened that the morning on which he was to have rode to town with her grace's letter proved to be rainy, he delayed going to town with it, and, while he let slip the opportunity, the place was bestowed upon another. He now quitted the Scottish for the English metropolis,

and the duchess having still a high opinion of his abilities, gave him a letter of recommendation to Mr. Pope, and obtained another for him to Sir Peter King, the lord chancellor of England. These, however, on his arrival he was wholly careless in delivering, and entered only into acquaintance of the lowest cast. He had no taste for any thing elegant, and yet was to the last degree expensive. Often when he had received a guinea in consequence of a supplicating letter, he would go into a tavern, order a supper to be prepared, drink of the richest wines, and spend all the money that had just been given him in charity, while his wife and child were starving at home! About 1740 Boyse was reduced to the last extremity of human wretchedness; he had not a shirt, a coat, or any kind of apparel to put on; the sheets on which he lay were carried to the pawn-brokers, and he was obliged to be confined to his bed with no other covering than a blanket. He sat up in bed, we are told, with the blanket wrapt round him, through which he cut a hole large enough to admit his arm, and placing the paper on his knee, scribbled in the best manner he could the verses he was obliged to make: and whatever he got by these or his begging letters, was but just sufficient for the preservation of life. About the year 1745 his wife died, and he pretended much concern at the event. He was then at Reading, compiling a review of the most material transactions at home and abroad during the war; in which he included a short account of the rebellion. On his return to town, his behaviour was more decent than it had ever been. He was employed by a bookseller to translate Fenelon on the Existence of God; during which time he married a second wife, a woman in low circumstances, but well enough adapted to his taste. He now began to live with more regard to his character, and supported a better appearance than usual; but while his circumstances were mending, and his irregular appetites losing ground, his health declined. At this time he had the satisfaction to observe a poem of his, entitled The Deity, recommended by two eminent writers, the ingenious Fielding, and Hervey, author of the Meditations. A beautiful poem called The Recantation, was the last of his productions. He died in May 1747, in obscure lodgings in Shoe-lane, and was buried by the parish. Never were distinguished abilities given to less purpose. His genius was not confined to poetry only. He had a taste for painting, music, and heraldry. His poetical pieces, if collected, would, it is said, make six moderate volumes. Many of them are scattered in The Gentleman's Magazine marked with the letter Y, and Alceus. Two volumes were published in London. An ode in the manner of Spenser, entitled The Olive, was addressed to Sir Robert Walpole, which procured him a present of ten guineas.

BOZRAH, BEZER, or BOSTRA, a city of Judea, seated on a plain, about the south-east border of the land of Reuben, near the source of the Arnon. It was a city of refuge (Josh. xx. 8.), and was taken by the Moabites during the declension of the kingdom of Israel. It was afterwards ravaged by the Chaldeans. It was rebuilt

however, and a Christian church early planted in it, which continued till the Arabians took it under Mahomet's successors. The emperor Trajan favored it, and called it Philippopolis. BOZRAH, the capital of Edom, situated about 150 miles from the above. It was very ancient, and was the birth place of Jobab, king of Edom. It was ravaged by the Assyrians; afterwards by the Chaldeans, and at last by Judas Maccabeus. It is mentioned in that remarkable prophecy, in Isa. lxiii. 1. Not a vestige of it now remains. BOZRAH, a town of America, in New-London county, and state of Connecticut; thirty-six miles east from Norwich.

B QUADRO, QUADRATO, or Durale, in music, called by the French, b quarre from its square figure. This is what we call B natural or sharp, in distinction to B mol or flat. See FLAT and SHARP. If the flat be placed before a note in the thorough bass, it intimates, that its third is to be minor; and if placed with any cypher over a note in the bass, it denotes, that the fifth or sixth thereof are to be flat. But if the quadro be placed over any note, or with a cypher, in the thorough bass, it has the contrary effect: for thereby the note or interval thereto is raised to its natural order.

BRABANT, duchy of, an important central province of the kingdom of the Netherlands. It is bounded on the west by Flanders and Zealand; on the north by Holland and Guelderland; on the east by Liege and Limburg, and on the south by Hainault and Namur. It is divided into North and South Brabant, which are separated by the province of Antwerp, once a part of the duchy.

The soil of these provinces is for the most part fertile, yielding excellent pasturage, and large quantities of wheat, hops, and flax. In the north division, however, there are large tracts of heath, moss, and wood. In both, manufactures of linen cloth and lace are carried on to a considerable extent. Its chief rivers are the Dommel, Demer, Dyle, and Nethe, assisted by several canals. In North Brabant the inhabitants are

chiefly Protestants; in the south, before the French revolution, the majority were Roman Catholics of the lowest grade, ignorant, superstitious, and wretched. By Philip and Alva, these provinces were deluged with blood; the horrors of war brought them first into notice, and they have generally sunk into insignificance, except when they have been made the theatre of conflict, or when, like absolute property, they have been transferred from one princely family to another. As early as the ninth century, we find Brabant, north and south, erected into a duchy, belonging to the monarchy of the Franks. It afterwards became an important fief of the German empire, under the successors of Charlemagne. Otto, the last duke of Brabant, of this line, died in 1005, when the duchy devolved upon Lambert I., count of Louvain, who had married his sister. Thence it descended to Philip II., duke of Burgundy, and from him, by regular succession, to the emperor Charles V. In the seventeenth century, these provinces were held by the Republic of ÏÏolland and the house Austria. The northern division appertained to

the former under the name of Dutch Brabant; the southern part was obtained by the latter, a small district of which was called Walloon Brabant.

This duchy is sometimes described as divided into the quarters of Louvain, Brussels, Antwerp, and Bois-le-duc, comprising about twenty-eight fortified towns, and nearly 700 villages. The Austrian division was seized by the French in 1746, but was restored by the peace of Aix-laChapelle; it was, however, taken possession of in 1734 by the French Republic, and confined to them by the treaties of Campo Formio and Luneville. By subsequent arrangements, the northern province formed the department of the Deux Nethes, and the southern that of the Dyle. In 1810 Dutch Brabant was, with part of Guelderland, united to the Empire, and formed into the department of the mouths of the Rhine. Austrian Brabant was once highly privilegedit had its own states, consisting of two bishops and eleven abbots, with the barons and seven deputies chosen by the magistrates of Brussels, Louvain, and Antwerp; these distinctions no longer exist. North Brabant contains a population of about 250,000 persons, and sends seven members to the Representative Assembly of the kingdom; Antwerp likewise sends five; South Brabant sends eight, which together make twenty for the whole of the former duchy, containing about 366,000 souls. In the south a corrupted French is the language of the common people; in the north the Flemish is spoken, but the higher classes of both parts speak good French. The principal places, exclusive of the four chief towns of the quarters, are Tirlemont, Arschott, Diest, Gemblours, Juoigne, Nivelles, Breda, Bergen-op-Zoom, and Eyndhoven.

BRABEJUM, the African almond, in botany, a genus of the monacia order, and polygamia class of plants. Male: COR. four-parted: STAM. four, inverted in the throat: STYLE, bifid and abortive. Female: COR. four-parted, revoluted upwards: STAM. four: PIST. one: STIG. two; the fruit is a roundish drupa, with a globular seed. Of this genus there is but one species, viz.: B. stellulifolium, the star-leaved African almond, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. It rises with an upright stem, covered with brown bark: the leaves are indented at their edges, standing on very short foot-stalks. The flowers are produced towards the end of their shoots, which are of a pale color, inclining to white

BRABEUTÆ, or BRABEUTES; from ẞpaßetov, a prize; in antiquity, officers among the Greeks, who presided at the public games, and decided controversies that happened among the antagonists in the gymnastical exercises. The number of brabeuta was not fixed; sometimes there was only one, but more commonly they amounted to nine or ten. Some authors confound them with the Agonothetæ, but they were different. See AGONOTHETA.

BRACCATA, in entomology, a species of vespa, color black; base of the antenna and the fore legs yellow; thighs black above. Inhabiting Europe.

BRACCATA, a species of tenthredo, color black; thighs rufous; base of the four posterior shanks and part of the antennæ white. Inhabiting Europe.

BRACCATUS, a species of ichneumon, color black; mouth and antennæ yellow; abdomen ferruginous; four anterior legs yellow. Inhabiting Furope.

BRACCIOLINI (Francis), an Italian poet, a native of Pistoia, and the friend of pope Urban VIII. He wrote: 1. An epic poem, entitled, The Cross Reconquered, under the emperor Heraclius. 2. The Mockery of the Pagan Gods: a heroic poem. 3. The Election of Pope Urban VIII. in twenty-three books. He died about 1644, aged eighty.

BRACE', v. & n. Armoric, breech; Welch, BRACELET, braich; Ital. braccio; Fr. BRA'CER, bras; from Lat. brachium; BRA'CING. the arm; strength; a support; stay; energy; a cincture; a bandage. To hold, bind, or tie together; to tighten; to strengthen; to fasten; to confine; to restrain. A brace of dogs is a couple of dogs, braced or tied together, and from usage restricted in number to two, hence the general application in this sense. The substantive brace and bracelet are applied particularly to armour, or ornaments, bracing or binding the arm; brace, to a certain part of the rigging of a ship; to certain timbers which are to brace or hold together; to whatever is constringent.- Encyclo. Met. Johnson. Thomson's Etymons.

Upon his arme he bore a gaie bracer,
And by his side a swerde and a bokeler.
Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.
As it more concerns the Turk than Rhodes,
So may he with more facile question bear it;
For that it stands not in such warlike brace,
But altogether lacks the abilities
That Rhodes is dressed in.

Shakspeare.

But you, my brace of lords, were I so minded, I here could pluck his highness's frown upon you.

Id.

Why do they crown themselves with gold and silver, use coronets, and tires of several fashions; deck themselves with pendants, bracelets, ear-rings, chains, girdles, rings, pins, spangles, embroideries, shadows, rebatoes, versicolor ribbands. Burton's Anat. Mel. Tie about our tawny wrists,

Bracelets of the fairy twists. Ben Jonson. Down from a hill the beasts that reign in woods, First hunter then, pursued a gentle brace, Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Par. Lost. Ten brace and more of greyhounds, snowy fair, And tall as stags, ran loose, and coursed around his chair. Dryden's Fables.

The tympanum is not capable of tension that way, Holder. in such a manner as a drum is braced. The diminution of the force of the pressure of the external air, in bracing the fibres, must create a debility in muscular motion.

Arbuthnot on Air. The women of China, by bracing and binding them from their infancy, have very little feet. Locke.

Frank, with his cargo in his hand,
Leaped joyful on the golden strand,
Opened his toyshop in the port,
Trinkets of various size and sort,
Bracelets and combs, bodkins and tweezers,
Bath-metal rings, and knives and scissars.

BRACE, in architecture. When the brace is framed into the kinglesses or principal rafters, it is by some called a strut.

BRACE, in sea language, to brace the yard, is to bring it to either side. All braces come aftward on; as, the main brace comes to the poop, the main-top-sail brace comes to the mizen top, and thence to the main shrouds, the fore and fore-top-sail braces come down by the main and main-top-sail stay, and so of the rest. But the mizen bowline serves to brace to the yard, and the cross-jack braces are brought forwards to the main shrouds, when the ship sails close by a wind.

BRACE, or BRASSE, a foreign measure, answering to our fathom. See FATHOM.

BRACELET, an ornament for the arms. The bracelets of the ancients were often ornamented with the richest gems, sculptured in the finest manner. Those of the Grecian females were mostly representations of serpents, such as are on the wrists of a pretended statue of Cleopatra, in the Vatican; but which is now more properly called Ariadne asleep. The Roman generals distributed bracelets called armillæ, as marks of valor to the bravest of their soldiers.

BRACER, a smooth piece of leather fastened on the outside of the archer's left arm, which serves to defend his arm from the stripe of the string.

BRACH. Goth. brakk; Teut. brak; Fr. braque; Ital. bracco; apparently the same with rack, but supposed to be from rauck, smell. Specifically a kind of short-tailed setting-dog; generally a dog that scents out, or traces out by the scent; from Anglo-Sax. raecc; from recan, to reek, to send forth a fume or scent; to trace by the scent or odor; a bitch hound, says Johnson.

Truth is a dog must to kennel; he must be whipped out, when the lady brach may stand by the fire, and stink. Shakspeare.

Lye still ye thief, and hear the lady sing in Welsh. HOTS. I had rather hear (lady) my brach howl in Irish. Id.

BRACHIAL ARTERY, arteria brachialis, the axillary artery, as it passes behind the tendon of the pectoralis major, receives the name of brachial. It runs down on the inside of the arm, over the musculus coracobrachialis, and anconæus internus, and along the inner edge of the

biceps, behind the vena basilica.

Below the bend of the arm it divides into the cubitalis and radialis.

BRACHIAL NERVES, the nerves of the arm. See ANATOMY.

BRACHIO CUBITAL LIGAMENT; ligamentum brachio-cubitale. The expansion of the lateral ligament, which is fixed in the inner condyle of the os humeri, runs over the capsular, to which it closely adheres, and is inserted like radii on the side of the great sigmoid cavity of the ulna.

BRACHIO RADIAL LIGAMENT; ligamentum brachio radiale, The expansion of the lateral ligament, which runs over the external condyle of the os humeri, is inserted round the coronary ligament.

BRACHIALIS MUSCULUS. See ANATOMY. BRACHINUS, in entomology, a genus of insects of the order coleoptera, family carabici. Its generic character is: external maxillary and labial palpi filiform; the last joint attenuated at the base; antennæ filiform, longer than the thorax; lower lip entire, produced, subquadrate; the angles of its apex acute; body oblong, obovate; glands at the anus emitting a caustic vapor. The species are: 1. B. crepitans, a common insect in this country when pursued by the calosoma inquisitor, its enemy, it emits with a considerable explosion a quantity of blue vapor from the anus, accompanied with a most nauseous smell, and this immediately stops its assailant. 2. B. displosor, with a similar mode of defence so many of the family of carabici possess it, that one division has acquired the name of bombardiers. Latr. Hist. Nat. tom. viii. p. 243. Kirby and Spence, vol. ii.

BRACHIONUS, in entomology, a genus of animalcules of the class of arthrodia, comprehending all the vorticella, or wheel species. See ANIMALCULE.

BRACHMANS, or BRACHMINS. See BRAH

MINS.

BRACHURUS, in zoology, a name given by Dr. Hill to a genus of animalcules of a roundish figure, with tails shorter than their bodies; their skin is perfectly smooth, thin, and colorless. They are frequent in water-ponds, in pepperwater, and other infusions of vegetable substances. See ANIMALCULES.

BRACHYACANTHUS, in entomology, a species of ichneumon; color black, with spotted head and thorax ; a small line on the scutel, and tip of the abdomen white; sting very short. A native of Europe. Also another species of ichneumon; color black; antennæ fuscous; abdomen and legs yellow; sting very short. Inhabiting Europe.

BRACHYCATALECTION, in poetry; from Boaxvs, short, and karaλnyw, to end; a verse wanting a syllable at the end.

BRACHYCERUS, in entomology, a genus of insects, of the order coleoptera, family curculionites, Latr. Its generic character is antennæ short, straight, with nine articulations; the last forming a truncated club; rostrum rather short, thick, broad, bent downwards; body ovate, turgid, rough; elytra connate; no scutellum; all the joints of the tarsi undivided. It is the cur

culio apterus of Linnæus. The species are inhabitants of hot climates.

BRACHYCOLON; from ßpaxvç, and koλov, a member; a period wherein one member is shorter than another.

BRACHYGLOTTIS, in botany, a genus of plants; class syngenesia, order polygamia superflua. Ess. Char. flowers radiate: COR. of the ray few, recurved, and three-toothed: CAL. polyphyllous, connivent, cylindric, equal. Down plumose. Species, two, B. repanda. Leaves ovate, repando-sinuate. B. rotundifolio. Leaves nearly round.

BRACHY'GRAPHY, n. & s. ẞpaxvc, short, and ypapw, to write. The art or practice of writing in a short compass, now called short

hand.

All the certainty of those high pretenders, bating what they have of the first principles, and the word of God, may be circumscribed by as small a circle as the creed, when brachygraphy has confined it within the compass of a penny.

Glanville.

BRACHYGRAPHY. See SHORT HAND. BRACHYLOGY, from βραχυς, and λογος, expression; in rhetoric, the expressing any thing in the most concise manner. This, so far as is consistent with perspicuity, is a beauty; but if obscurity be the consequence, which is often the case, it becomes an inexcusable defect. Quintilian gives an instance of brachylogy from Sallust: Mithridates corpore ingenti perinde armatus; Mithridates, as it were, armed with the hugeness of his stature.'

BRACHYOTOS, in ornithology, a horned species of strix, having the tuft very short; the body fuscous above; pale yellow, longitudinally streaked beneath. This is the short-eared owl of Latham, and the grande chevêche of Buffon. It is found both in America and Europe.

BRACHYPNOEA, in medicine; from ẞpaxvs, short, and yew, to breathe; shortness and difficulty of breathing.

BRACHYPTERA, a term used by Willoughby to denote those hawks which have their wings so short as not to reach to the end of the tail. Of this kind are the goss-hawk, sparrowhawk, &c.

BRACHYPTERA, in entomology, a species of mantis. Color cinereous; thorax dentated; wings half the length of the abdomen. Found in the sandy deserts of the south of Russia.

BRACHYPTERUS, a species of cimex; color pale; body linear; wing-cases a third part the length of the abdomen. Inhabiting Europe. Also a species of gryllus.

BRACHYPYRENIA; from βραχυς, and upny, a nucleus; in the natural history of fossils, a genus of septariæ, with a roundish nucleus. See SEPTARIÆ.

BRACHYTELOSTYLA, in natural history; from βραχυς, short, τελειος, perfect; and συλος, a column; the name by which Dr. Hill calls those crystals which are composed of a short hexangular column, terminated at each end by an hexangular pyramid. See CRYSTAL.

BRACHYURA, in ornithology, an Italian species of fringilla, entirely yellow: the shorttailed Italian sparrow of English writers, and passerculus bononiensis of Brisson.