Radiation in the Atmosphere

absorbed absorption coefficient Acad actinometric aerosol albedo angle Ångström approximate atmospheric mass atmospheric radiation atmospheric transparency attenuation cal/cmº calculations characterize cloud computed considered curve decrease dependence determined diation diffuse radiation direct solar radiation earth's surface effective radiation emission energy distribution equation formula horizontal surface incoming increase infrared integral investigations Kalitin Kondratyev latitudes Leningrad longwave radiation Main Geophys mean measurements Meteorol method monthly net radiation observed obtained optical outgoing radiation ozone particles Pavlovsk percent Phys Proc pyranometer radiant energy radiant intensity radiation absorption radiation flux radiation intensity radiation totals radiative heat radiometer Rayleigh scattering receiving surface scattering function slopes snow solar constant solar height solar radiation flux spectral intervals spectral region spectrum stratosphere Table Tashkent temperature thermal radiation thickness tion Trans transmission function transparency coefficient troposphere turbidity factor ultraviolet underlying surface USSR variation vertical water vapor wavelength