pædia Britannica.

This volume is to be followed by others on various

themes, from the same source. A premium of $100 has been offered by a Congregational Society, at Hartford, for a tract on Slavery, not exceeding eight pages, and fit to be published by the American Tract Society, in accordance with Article I. of the Constitution. The adjudicators are, Rev. Drs. Joel, Hawes and R. Turnbull, Hartford.

Messrs. Murphy & Co., of Baltimore, have reprinted the discussions on the questions Is the Roman Catholic Religion, in any or all of its doctrines and principles, inimical to civil or religious liberty? by Archbishop J. Hughes; and is the Presbyterian Religion? &c., by Rev. J. Breckenridge. The works of Dr. O. Winslow are in course of republication in Philadelphia.

According to Norton's list of books published in the United States during the year 1855, 234 of the number were Theological.

FOREIGN.

Mr. Macaulay's recent volumes are very generally reviewed in the English periodicals, as well as in those of our own country. He has numerous assailants on various points, in reference to which he is said to be preparing a rejoinder. His defence will be looked for with interest. Croker has just replied to his attack upon his Boswell. In common with our cotemporaries we have admitted an article on Macaulay in our present number; which will not, we trust, prove unacceptable to our readers.

Intelligence of the death of Sir William Hamilton is received with profound regret. He stood, at his death, among the first in the world in his own chosen field, metaphysics—both speculative and historical. He had long been suffering from paralysis; but finally died of congestion of the brain. He has left in a fit state for publication his Lectures.

"Principles of Psychology," by Herbert Spencer, have been published, in which he is said to grapple with Sir William Hamilton's theory of consciousness.

Volumes 4 and 5 of Merivale's history of Rome under the Empire, are published.

The annals of Ireland, by J. O. Donovan, are to be reprinted in 7 vols. The first edition was too expensive for general circulation. The republication is to be reduced in price from $70 to about $20. The cheap form will contain the same matter and illustrations.

A new edition of that very useful work, "Horne's Introduction to the Critical Study of the Holy Scriptures," is announced. Also, Kitto's Encyclopædia; and the works of Dean Swift.

Volume I. of Wardlaw's systematic theology, is announced.

A new book of Hymns for Baptist Churches has been prepared, containing nearly 1,000 selections.

Dr. Owen's Works, in 24 vols., have been issued in Edinburgh. The same are to be obtained in this country with the imprint of Carter & Brothers.

A new edition of John Howe's works, to be comprized in 9 vols., is announced in Edinburgh.

A translation of Guizot's R. Cromwell, and the Restoration of Charles the 2d, is published by Bentley.

Professor Stahl has appeared, with the defence of a national church, against Bunsen. The 3d volume of his Egypt's place in Universal History, has gone to press. He is also preparing, in further answer of Strauss, a Life of Christ.

The burning of the dead is the subject of a treatise by Dr. T. P. TrusenHe advocates the revival of the funeral pyre.

Cheap railway literature is now published in Germany, as well as in France.

A German translation of Hiawatha has been executed and published by Frieligrath, a friend of Longfellow.

The works of Schelling are to be collected and published.

The poet Heinrich Heine's literary remains are announced. A new edition, also, of Kepler's Works.

A copy of Voltaire in 90 vols., with 12,000 engravings, chiefly portraits, has recently been sold. It brought £223.

That voluminous historian, M. Capefigne, has another volume in the press, Catherine de Medicis.

"The Sensualist Philosophy of the 18th century," is the title of a new work by Victor Cousin.

The works of Galileo are to be published, for the first time, in 15 vols., under the supervision of Professor Alberti.

Several letters of Napoleon Bonaparte, which he wrote in his youth, are said to have been recently discovered in Corsica.

Considerable activity is beginning to manifest itself in the department of Modern Greek Literature, both in Greece itself and in other parts of the world.

THE

CHRISTIAN REVIEW.

NO. LXXXVI.—OCTOBER, 1856.

ARTICLE I.-CAMPBELLISM REVIEWED.*

EVERY sect or party in religion, politics, morals, or philosophy, must have a name, to distinguish it from all other sects. and parties.

The discriminating public have given this name to a numerous class of religionists, whose field of occupation and contest has been principally, though not wholly, the Mississippi Valley. And by noticing them as a sect we mean nothing invidious, nothing unkind, and do not even express by this term their transitoriness or heresy. Whether they are right or wrong, Scriptural or unscriptural, is quite another question, aside from the idea of SECT. Noah Webster, from whom

REFERENCES.-1. The substance of a Sermon delivered before the Red-Stone Baptist Association, Sept. 1st, 1816, by Alexander Campbell, pp. 35, [on the Laws of Moses, the Decalogue, &c.]

2. Minutes of the Red-Stone Association.

3. Debate on Baptism with Rev. Mr. Walker, a seceder, Mount Pleasant, Ohio, 1820. [We had possession of this volume until it was destroyed by fire, 1852.]

4. Debate on Christian Baptism, between the Rev. W. L. Maccalla (Presbyterian) and Alex. Campbell, in Mason county, Ky., Oct. 1823. Edited and published by Mr. Campbell. 12mo, pp. 420. [Mr. Maccalla, at a subsequent period, published his version of the debate, with notes.]

5. The Christian Baptist, edited by Alexander Campbell, in 7 vols. 12mo, published monthly, from August, 1823, to July, 1830. [This periodical was revised and published by Rev. D. S. Burnett, of Cincinnati, in 1835, and stereotyped, with Mr. Campbell's last corrections, in a royal 8vo vol., 670 pp.] 6. The Millennial Harbinger, issued monthly, 12mo, pp. 48. Commenced July 1830. The current volume makes twenty-six. For many years, Mr. Campbell was sole editor, aided by numerous correspondents. He is still senior editor, aided by Elder W. K. Pendleton, and his son, A. W. Campbell. "Extra" numbers of this periodical have been issued occasionally, of which a careful examination is necessary, to arrive at correct conclusions on the peculiarities of the system. No. I. of the Extras was issued from his press at Bethany, Brooke county, Va., July 5th, 1830. It is entitled, "Remission of Sins-The Christian Immersion." This pamphlet teaches the dogma, unequivocally, "That remission of sins, or coming into a state of accept

there is no appeal in lexicography, thus defines SECT: "A number of persons, united in tenets, chiefly in philosophy and religion, but constituting a distinct party by holding sentiments different from other men."

ance [with _God], being one of the present immunities of the Kingdom of Heaven, CANNOT BE ENJOYED BY ANY PERSON BEFORE IMMERSION. This Extra was 66 EXAMINED with ability and success by the late Rev. Andrew Broaddus, of Caroline county, Va., in the Millennial Harbinger. It makes a pamphlet of 40 pp., and was printed and circulated extensively in that form.

7. The Christian System is a 12mo volume, pp. 368. The title page states that it has "reference to the union of Christians, and a restoration of primitive Christianity, as plead in the current Reformation." Christianity Restored is principally made up with selections from the foregoing; being collected in a volume separate from the periodicals and extras, it is convenient for reference. By A. Campbell.

8. Principles of the Reformation is another work, by R. Richardson, that professes to contain, in a small compass, a plain exposition in defence of the principles of the Reformation."

9 Christian Baptism, with its Antecedents and Consequents." by A. Campbell, contains a condensation of much he has written on this subject.

10. A public debate was held in 1843, in Lexington, Ky., between Mr. Campbell and Rev. Dr. Rice, then of Cincinnati, now of St. Louis. The arguments by each party were taken by able reporters, stereotyped, and pubpublished in a thick volume, small type, and between 900 and 1,000 pp. We read this closely-packed volume, every word of it. It embraced the Baptismal controversy, and also some of the peculiarities of Campbellism. In talents, tactics, logic and logomachy, the parties were equally matched, and by impartial listeners it was regarded, on the whole, a drawn battle. Mr. Campbell gained the victory on some points; Dr. Rice on others.

On the opposite side, the peculiar principles of Campbellism have been controverted largely, in nearly every religious periodical in the Mississippi Valley, the late New York Baptist Register, and by several Baptist papers in the Southeastern States. About 1830, Mr. Campbell held a public debate in Nashville, Tenn., with Rev. O. Jennings, D.D., pastor of the Presbyterian church in that city. The substance of this debate was edited and published by S. C. Jennings, Esq., a nephew of the pastor, after his decease, in 1832. It was made up chiefly from the notes and memoranda, made by the Rev. debater, and forms a 12mo volume of 252 pp. Mr. Campbell complained of partiality and unfairness, but disinterested persons spoke well of it.

11. In 1835, the late Rev. J. L. Waller, then a youth and fresh from college, wrote a series of spirited controversial articles, addressed to a Reformer in Kentucky. These articles were a fine specimen of the talents and genius of the young author. They were a fair exposé of the peculiar and objectionable features of the system. Though highly seasoned, racy, and sometimes in the language of cutting irony, this was a fair and legitimate mode of replication to one who has been unsparing in the same missiles to his opponents. These letters have been republished within a few years in several Western periodicals.

12. Campbellism Examined, by Rev. J. B. Jeter, D.D., was issued from the press of Sheldon, Lamport & Co., N. Y., 1855, 12mo, pp. 369. This work was noticed in the Christian Review, vol. XX., pp. 146-148. After an appropriate introduction, it treats of CAMPBELLISM-in its inception-in its chaos in its formation-in its principles-in its discipline, and in its tendencies. This work, as its numerous readers know, is an able, candid and faithful exposure of the peculiar notions we denominate Campbellism-notwithstanding nine tirades against it that appeared the same year in the " Harbinger," from the pen of the author of the system. We regret to see in these numbers so much petulance and irritation. To these Dr. Jeter has responded, under the head of "Campbellism Re-examined," in a 12mo, pp. 94.

We are thus particular on this word, from the sensitiveness manifested by Mr. Campbell and his adherents against being called a sect; and we have long supposed the objection is a kind of ad captandum vulgus—a species of pious fraud, to deceive and catch a class of persons who are not so well versed in the "people's English." It has served as an adjunct to the claim, that the "Reformation" is designed, and will eventu ally unite all Christian professors under one banner. But we see no way to preserve the distinction implied, in justice to all parties concerned, without the use of this term.

Mr. C. and his adherents do not constitute the whole Christian community. There are other parties with as valid and Scriptural claims to pure Christianity as his party. The Campbellites are a body united in certain tenets, and whatever diversities may exist amongst themselves, they choose to differ from their neighbors; they constitute a party or SECT.

Mr. Webster, after defining the word "sect," states a historical fact: "Most sects have originated in a particular person, who taught and propagated some peculiar notions in philosophy or religion, and who is considered to have been its founder."

In the rise, progress and present attitude of this party, there has been one master-mind, one untiring projector and laborer, who, doubtless, honestly thought he was the leader in a great reformation. This was nothing less than the "restoration" of a "pure Christianity," and the establishment of a more perfect code of Christian morals. If his modesty does shrink at the honors the present generation may force on him, posterity will certainly do him justice. Had Mr. Campbell never left Scotland or the North of Ireland, the "Reformation" in this Valley would never have been known. Baptists, and other American Christians, would have made no other progress, than that resulting from the increase of light and knowledge derived from the increased facilities of biblical criticism. To Alexander Campbell, more than any other living man, is the world indebted for this new. sect, with all its peculiarities. They deserve the appellative of CAMPBELLITES-the dogmas can be intelligibly announced by the term CAMPBELLISM. He cannot avoid the issue of