lines of railroads thence to both cities; whilst Port Deposit, being at the head of tide-water, affords facilities for shipping to all the markets southward, as well as those on the Delaware; and many buyers and manufacturers meeting here, a large quantity of lumber consequently changes hands at this point. The following is an approximation to the quantity sold in each market which we have enumerated:-Harrisburg, five million feet; Middletown, twenty-five million feet; Marietta, ten million feet; Columbia, fifty million feet; Wrightsville, ten million feet; Port Deposit, fifty million feet-total, one hundred and fifty million feet. Besides which, fifty million feet are shipped from Columbia and Port Deposit for Baltimore and Philadelphia. All this amount is exclusive of an average of twelve hundred rafts of square timber, the greater part of which goes to Philadelphia and New York..

We have thus briefly stated the comparative importance of the principal lumber points on the Susquehanna, from whose business some millions of dollars change hands yearly. But it is limited in extent, compared to what it promises to be in a very few years. Ten years ago the lumber trade of Baltimore was hardly worthy of mention, whilst at this period something like one million of dollars worth is sold in this market, and the trade is only in its infancy. Improvements are continually going forward in the timber regions for getting that article to the mills to be manufactured, and vast tracts of country, now abounding in a wild primeval growth of timber, must, ere long, yield to the stroke of the woodman's axe and the magic influence of the lightning saw, to be sent down the "big stream," to the markets of consumption, and planted again in smiling towns and villages, not in the rude fashion of native wildness, but in the improved shape of thousands of human tenements.

This quarter of the State is scarcely less remarkable for its coal, iron, and lumber, than for its excellent salt springs. The saline properties of the water, underlying the upper stratum of the soil, were noticed at an early period; but no efforts were made to extract the salt until 1813, at which time, owing to the war, it became exceedingly scarce and correspondingly high in price. The water, in many places along the Kiskiminetas and the Alleghany, oozed out of the ground, and those spots were much frequented by deer, who would stand around them licking up the water with great satisfaction. This fact finally led to experiments, which have since resulted in extensive

one of the soundest lawyers and purest men in the State. This place is three hundred and twenty-four miles from Philadelphia, two hundred and seventeen from Harrisburg, and twenty-four from Pittsburg. It is ten hundred and ninety-one feet above tide-water. The railroad at this place, not quite finished as yet, will be in operation a few months ensuing. A railroad is also being constructed from Greens burg to Wheeling, which will probably intercept a large amount of the trade of the Ohio, during the season of low water above that coint, as well as a portion of the travel now enjoyed by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. With these splendid improvements, concentrating at Greensburg, it will probably assume an active business aspect in striking contrast to its past career.

The remains of Gen. Arthur Saint Clair are buried in the Presbyterian church-yard of this place, over which a handsome pyramidal monument has been erected by his brethren of the Masonic fraternity. Gen. St. Clair, in addition to his connection with the Revolutionary struggle, bore a conspicuous part in the political movements of this State, having been a member of Congress, a member of the Convention to form the Constitution of the State, a candidate for Governor, &c., &c. His military career, on several occasions, exposed him to censure; but he was a true patriot, and withal a useful and valuable The latter portion of his life was embittered with pecuniary misfortunes, and he lived for some time in comparative seclusion amongst the hills of the Chesnut Ridge.

man.

Twenty-one miles from Greensburg, and ten from Pittsburg, we pass the scene of Gen. Braddock's battle with the French and Indians, which took place in 1755. The entire region of country watered by the Ohio and its tributaries had long been claimed by the French, upon the strength of the original discoveries of La Salle. They accordingly built forts at various points along the Ohio, the Alleghany and Monongahela, and established themselves in the friendship of the Indians then living along those rivers. In the meantime, the authorities of Virginia and Pennsylvania conceiving that the country rightfully belonged to the British Crown, and constituted a portion of their respective colonies, took measures to oppose the further occupancy of the French. In the prosecution of this work, the fort at Pittsburg was commenced in 1754, under the authority of the Governor of Virginia; but, before its completion, the French captured it, and held it under the name of Fort Du Quesne, until 1758, when it

was abandoned to Gen. Forbes. Soon after it was enlarged and improved by Gen. Stanwix, and named Fort Pitt, in honor of the distinguished British statesman, and from which Pittsburg subsequently took its name. It thus remained in possession of the English until the commencement of the Revolutionary war, when it was seized and ever after held by the Americans-including, also, the whole surrounding country-the claim of Virginia in the meantime having been amicably arranged.

It was in view of the incursions of the French, that General Washington, in 1753, then a mere youth, was dispatched by the Governor of Virginia on an expedition to the head waters of the Ohio, to ascertain and report the state of the country. This was one of the most perilous journeys that could have been undertaken-his path laid through immense wildernesses, covered with the snows of a severe winter, and beset, at every turn, with hostile Indians. One of the most memorable incidents of this journey, (which exhibits the remarkable boldness and indefatigable energy of him who afterwards became the embodiment of our revolutionary struggle,) was the passage of the Alleghany River, about two miles above the present city of Pittsburg. The man who could thus push his way across a wild,

icy stream, was well qualified, subsequently, to cross the Delaware with the American army under his directing eye.

"I took my papers," said General Washington, in describing this perilous enterprise, "pulled off my clothes, and tied myself up in a watch-coat. Then, with gun in hand, and pack on my back, in which were my papers and provisions, I set out with Mr. Gist, fitted in the same manner, on Wednesday the 26th of December. The day following, just after we had passed a place called Murdering Town, (where we intended to quit the path and steer across the country for Shannopin's Town,) we fell in with a party of French Indians, who had lain in wait for us. One of them fired at Mr. Gist or me, not fifteen steps off, but fortunately missed. We took this fellow into custody, and kept him until about nine o'clock at night, then let him go, and walked all the remaining part of the night without making any stop, that we might get the start so far as to be out of the reach of their pursuit the next day, since we were well assured they would follow our track as soon as it was light. The next day we continued travelling until quite dark, and got to the river about two miles above