Nottingham Town. Nicholas Plomtrie, Gent.

William Balle, Gent.

King's Lynn. John Kinne, Gent. John Kinge, Gent.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. William Carr, Gent. William Curie, Gent.-Carr is certainly right.

Morpeth. Francis Gawdy, Esq. Francis Ganey, Esq.-The name somewhat difficult in the MS., but clearly not "Gawdy." A Mr. "Gerby" is mentioned by D'Ewes as sitting in Parliament. Query if the same?

Berwick. Henry Cave, Esq. Henry Cary, Esq. Stafford Town. Henry Knolles, Esq. William Knolles, Esq.

Newcastle-under-Lyme. Sir John Bagnall, Knt. Sir Ralph Bagnall, Knt. Shrewsbury. William Ireland, Esq. Ireland, Esq.

Winchester. Richard Bride, Gent.

Burr, Gent.

Bothe, Gent.

Petersfield. Jeffrey Rythre, Gent.

Stockbridge. (Omitted by Willis.) St. John, Gent., Tristram Pistor, Gent. Christchurch. (Omitted.) Andrew

John Hyett.

Sussex. John Palmer, Esq.

Esq.

Chichester.

Thomas Kerle.

Esq.

Lewes. Edward Fenner.

Esq.-Willis to be preferred. Wilts. Henry Danvers, Esq.

Robert

Richard

Robert

William

Rogers,

Thomas Palmer,

Thomas Kirke,

Edward Farmer,

John Danvers, Esq. Hendon. Miles Sands, Esq. Thos. Dabridgecorte, Esq.

Worcester Co. Gilbert Littleton, Esq. Richard Littleton, Esq.-Willis probably to be preferred. Coventry. Edward Bromnell, Gent. Edmund Browne, Gent.-"Edmund Brownell" probably should be.

Warwick Town. Edward Egleonby, Esq. mund Egleonby, Esq.-"Edward" probably

rect.

Brecon Town. Rice Price, Esq. Richard Price, Esq.

Haverford West. John Garvans, Gent. John Granons, Gent.-The actual name, "John Garnons." W. D. PINK. Leigh, Lancashire.

THE ENGLISH "LARBOARD" AND THE FRENCH "BABORD" AND "TRIBORD."

The oldest form of larboard is ladde-borde (about 1360), and this is so unlike larboard that Prof. Skeat, not unreasonably, doubts whether it is the same word, though he winds up his article as if he words were the same. And to this conclusion I had resigned himself to the conclusion that the two example of larboard which Prof. Skeat can give myself am disposed to come, although the earliest dates from the beginning of the seventeenth century only (Cotgrave and Minsheu), and there is, therefore, an interval of quite 250 years unaccounted for.* board; and though I do not know that any genuine Ladde-borde would become ladinstance of the change of d into r can be found,† yet I am of opinion that ladboard might well have

become larboard in order to assimilate this to the

corresponding word starboard. Indeed, Prof. Skeat tells us in his second edition that in 'Hackluyt's Voyages' (1598) he finds the spellings leereboord and steereboord, where steereboord is the normal spelling and leereboord is not, and therefore the latter was probably accommodated to the former.

With regard to the signification of ladde-borde, Prof. Skeat suggests (and I am inclined to agree with his suggestion) that the ladde is a Scandinavian form of our "to lade,Ӥ so that ladde-borde

*Prof. Skeat, in the Trans. Philol. Soc. (1888-90, p. 13), makes two new suggestions based upon the form leereboord, mentioned by myself further on in the text; but as both these suggestions are inconsistent with the notion, which I am disposed to uphold, that laddeborde and here, the more especially as there is, to my mind, but larboard are the same word, I will not consider them little probability about either of them.

†The d might, perhaps, possibly have been dropped and the r inserted, for Prof, Skeat tells us that ladda= to lade is pronounced laa in prov. Swedish and Norwegian; but I much prefer the explanation referred to in is commonly changed into r. note. In the Neapolitan dialect, however, an Italian d See Volpe, Vocabolario,' Naples, 1869, p. ix.

Hythe. John Stevens, Gent. John Stephenson, Gent.

Edward

Cardigan Town. John Hanmer, Esq. Davis of Lincoln's Inn. Carnarvon Co. John Gwynne. John Wynne ap Hugh, Eq.

North and South. Had Norbiton not been close. Surbiton would probably have taken the form of Sudbiton assimilation to the following letter (cf. Suffolk). (cf. Sudborough, Sudbrook, Sudbury) or Subbiton, by

§ It is not, however, necessary to suppose this. Lade

would mean lading (or loading) board or side. But he can think of no other reason why the larboard side should be called the loading side than "that the sails, when taken down, were put on to the left side of the ship, to be out of the way of the steersman, who originally stood on the starboard (=steerboard) or right side of the ship." The objection is that lade, or load, would scarcely be the word used to designate such a process, if such a process were ever adopted, of which I should require evidence. And, besides, a much more natural interpretation of loading-side seemed to me to be the side on which the cargoes are loaded; and this idea having come into my head, I wrote to the East and West India Dock Company to inquire whether, at the present time, one side was used more than the other for loading purposes. I had a very polite answer from the assistant secretary, and the substance of the information, which he gave me on the authority of the principal dockmaster, was, that though, both in docks and in harbours, when vessels are laid alongside the quays, the side next the quay (on which, of course, the discharging and loading of cargoes takes place) depends chiefly on chance or convenience, yet that "vessels lying in a harbour discharging or loading not alongside the quay generally use the port (or left) side as the working side"; and in a second letter with which he favoured me, he informs me that the dock-master had subsequently told him that "when he was at sea the starboard side was sacred to the captain, officers, and passengers, and the larboard was for cargo, soldiers and sailors, and the general public." It would seem, therefore, that in the case of merchant vessels the larboard side is at the present time generally regarded as the working side, and as the side upon which, when practicable, cargoes are commonly loaded and discharged; and it is not improbable that in former times, in England at any rate, the same general rule prevailed with regard to the larboard side; and if so the term ladde-borde (if it ladingboard) was anything but a misnomer.

According to another derivation of larboard, favoured by Wedgwood, Mahn (in Webster), and E. Müller, the lar is a corruption of an older form of lower (cf. M.E. lahre, Stratmann, the Scotch lawer, and the Dutch laager), and it can scarcely

borde, in which the accent is on the first word, might well have been shortened into ladde-borde in consequence of the accentual stress. Comp. halyard, or halliard, from hale-yard. See Prof. Skeat's note on Effects of the English Accent,' 7th S. i. 363. Prof. Skeat there says, however, that the A.-S. stéorbord did not become steerboard, although in the second edition of his 'Dictionary,' published two years earlier, he had given the form steereboord from Hackluyt.

*I put no leading questions; I did not even mention the word larboard; I inquired merely whether any rule prevailed as to which side should be used, when practicable, for loading and unloading purposes,

be doubted that with the help of the assimilating influence of starboard already alluded to this derivation is possible. But in that case we should have to look upon ladde-borde as an altogether different word; and this is a difficulty acknowledged by Wedgwood. I prefer, therefore, the derivation from ladde-borde; but I think it worth while to mention that the other is, perhaps, favoured by the French babord; for though this is derived by Scheler, Littré, and Brachet from the German Backbord, yet the circumflex accent evidently refers rather to an older form, bas-bord (=low board), and Littré, s.v. hurhau, admits, apparently with approval, a quotation in which the word is spelled bas-bord, and derived from bas.*

And finally, whilst upon the question of the two sides of a ship, I will point out that the French tribord (= starboard), in its older form stribord,+ is universally derived from, or connected with, the Icel. styribord (?), or the A.-S. steorbord, and is, therefore, considered to be the same word as our starboard. This may be so; but I cannot help thinking that those who have adopted this derivation either overlooked or were not aware of the existence of the old form destre bort (=right board or side), which I find in Godefroy, supported by a quotation, of which, unfortunately, I am unable to make out the date. The derivation from this word is at least as easy as that from the Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon words given above, especially as, when the word destre fell into disuse, the de of destrebort might well be taken for the preposition. F. CHANCE. Sydenham Hill.

SHAKSPEARIANA,

'HENRY V.,' ACT IV.-In the prologue to the fourth act of Henry V.' there is an unfortunate misprint in the First Folio, forming a stumblingblock which some editors, indeed, have lightly skipped over, like Knight and Collier, which Theobald, with Dyce's rather hesitating agreement, vainly fancied he had removed, and which the Globe editors honestly recognize for the obstacle which it is, and mark with a warning obelus. A sound text is, however, very readily recoverable.

"

Chorus having described the dejection of the 'poor condemned English," inly ruminating "the morning's danger, their gestures sad investing lank-lean cheeks," &c., proceeds :

* Wedgwood gives the Dutch laag, low, the meaning of left also, I do not know on what authority. The Fr. haut, too, is said in Littré sometimes to mean right, and bas in bas-bord to mean left (see s.v. "Hurhau"). Cf. also the Dan. höire and the Swed. höger, which certainly mean both higher and right.

† Stribord is given by Littré, but he quotes no examples. It is not in La Curne nor in Roquefort, but it may be found in Sherwood (Cotgrave), s.v. "Starboord," and it is confirmed by the Spanish estribor and the Port, est(r)ibordo.

66

He was right so far in supposing that the exhortation Behold," &c., was addressed to the audience, and did not refer to the army, but wrong in the notion-in which, strange to say, Dyce concurs-that the poet could address his audience with the distinction of "mean and gentle," and so insult half of them.

The Cambridge collaters drift away with Delius in company upon the handy conjecture that a line has been lost. But all perplexity and nonsense vanish at once when we make the easy correction:

A largess universal, like the sun,

His liberal eye doth give to every one, Thawing cold fear in mean and gentle all. Behold (as may unworthiness define), &c. It will be observed how all corresponds to universal. The mean whom Henry is exhibited as encouraging are, of course, Bates, Court, and Williams; the gentle are such as Gloucester, whose want of confidence is implied in

Gloucester, 'tis true that we are in great danger; The greater, therefore, should our courage be; and Westmoreland, who wishes for ten thousand men from England; and the other nobles who listen to that inspiriting harangue, which-after the lapse of how many years!-I can fancy now I hear nobly declaimed by Macready.

The phrase "as may unworthiness define" is intended modestly to bespeak the same indulgence which is craved in the first chorus for daring On this unworthy scaffold to bring forth So great an object.

W. WATKISS LLOYD.

"A BABBLED O GREEN FIELDS," 'HENRY V., II. iii.—This (Theobald's well-known reading for "and a table of green fields") has always been accepted faute de mieux. In the quarto the words do not appear at all, and it stands simply, "for his nose was as sharp as a pen"; but they are found in each of the four folios. It is surprising that no one has pointed out the true objection to Theobald's emendation. Mrs. Quickly is describing the symptons of Falstaff's approaching end, which were (a) his behaviour; (b) his appearance. He fumbled with the sheets, played with

flowers, and smiled on his fingers' ends; but a more certain token ("I knew that there was but one way") was written in his face: "His nose was as sharp as a pen, and a table of green fields." To make him "babble" there would be going back to the first class of symptoms. The "table of green fields" must, therefore, be some sort of description of his face or nose, suggestive of the green hue of coming death, that is, if it is to stand. The absence, however, of the line from the quarto strongly inclines us to adopt what seemed a farfetched suggestion, made by Pope or other of the earlier commentators, that it was a prompter's direction mistaken for part of the text, i. e., "Greenfields to have his table ready," his table being a paper of some sort. Such directions, like notes for entrance, are put down a good way in advance. Now, on turning to the next scene, we find that Exeter comes to the French king furnished with his "line" or elaborate "pedigree," which he presents. Greenfields may have been the name of the actor who played Exeter. I think this is a more conservative reading than the fanciful "babbling," and I suggest it to Mr. Frank Marshall. PERCY FITZGERALD.

·

'HAMLET.'-Has it been previously pointed out that in the Spanish Tragedy,' IV. (Haz. Dodsley, vol. v. p. 105), there occurs the sentence,

And there is nemesis and furies
And things call'd whips,

And they sometimes do meet with murderers: They do not always escape, that's some comfort? This is marked as one of the "addicyons" to the play by Ben Jonson (in 1601 or 1602) on the authority of the quotation from Henslowe's 'Diary.' Can it be another allusion to the "older Hamlet," to which reference is supposed to be made in Arnim's 'Nest of Ninnies' (Old Shakespeare Society reprint, p. 55, and note p. 67)? where he says:

"When the losse of Johns chicken is of more want than theirs; but, a rope out of it, it will one day be better. Ther are, as Hamlet saies, things cald whips in

store."

make the whole more intelligible: "Taken up [as a signal] by," &c. BR. NICHOLSON.

THE OBELI OF THE GLOBE EDITION IN TIMON OF ATHENS' (7th S. v. 143).-I inadvertently passed over one of the passages marked with an obelus in the Globe. Will you have the goodness to allow me to append it now? V. ii. 6-10

I met a courier, one mine ancient friend;
Whom, though in general part we were opposed,
+Yet our old love made a particular force,
And made us speak like friends.

"Whom" refers both to the person speaking and the
པ us
"fol-
person spoken of, as is evident from the
lowing. It is governed in the objective by "made."
"Force" I take to be not a noun, as generally sup-
posed, but a verb governing "a particular (part)."

"Though in general part we were opposed, yet our old love made us force a particular part-i.e., made us violate one of the rules of warfare which forbids all friendly intercourse between opponents."

LENT.-It may be of service if the following cutting be preserved in your pages. I do not know its date :

"Lent.-At one time the beginning of Lent was marked by a curious custom, now fallen into disuse. A figure called 'Jack o' Lent,' and intended, according to some, to represent Judas Iscariot, was made up of straw and cast-off clothes, and then carried through the streets amid much noise and merriment, after which it was either shot at, burnt, or thrown down a chimney. Thus, in Quarles's 'Shepherd's Oracles,' 1646, p. 88, we read,

How like a Jack a Lent

He stands, for boys to spend their Shrove-tide throws, Or like a puppet made to frighten crows. And again, in Ben Jonson's Tale of a Tub,' the custom is alluded to:

On an Ash Wednesday

When thou didst stand six weeks the Jack o' Lent,
For boys to hurl three throws a penny at thee.

Formerly, during the season of Lent, an officer, known as the king's cockcrower,' crowed the hour every night within the precincts of the palace, instead of proclaiming it in the customary manner. In connexion with this practice the following amusing anecdote is related: On the first Ash Wednesday after the accession of the House of Hanover, as the Prince of Wales, afterwards George II., was sitting down to supper, this officer suddenly entered the apartment, before the chaplain had said grace, and crowed 'past ten o'clock.' The astonished

Prince, imperfectly understanding the English language, and mistaking the tremulation of the assumed crow for mockery, concluded that this ceremony was meant as an insult, and forthwith rose to resent it, when, with some custom, and that it was intended as a compliment, and difficulty, he was made to understand the nature of the was in accordance with court etiquette. From this time the custom was discontinued. The intention of crowing the hour of the night,' says a correspondent of the Gentleman's Magazine (1785, vol. lv. p. 341), 'was no doubt intended to remind waking sinners of the august effect the third crowing of the cock had on the guilty apostle St. Peter; and the limitation of the custom to the season of Lent was judiciously adopted, as, had the practice continued throughout the year, the impenitent would become as habituated and as indifferent to the crow of the mimic cock as they are to that of the real

one, or to the cry of the watchman.'"-Leisure Hour. ANON.

SALT FAMILY.-It is possible that the following particulars of the pedigree of Samuel Salt, Charles Lamb's Bencher of the Inner Temple, may be thought worth a record in N. & Q. I extract them from a paper in the handwriting of a descendant of his sister, and my own uncle by marriage :

"Samuel Salt, M.P., Bencher of the Inner Temple, died 27 July, 1792; married a daughter of Lord Coventry; no issue. His will, proved at Doctors' Commons September, 1792, occupies ten or twelve folio pages. As he bably his coat of arms and crest are in one of the winwas a member of some consequence at the Temple, prodows or panels round the Inner Temple Hall."

He was son of Rev. John Salt, vicar of "Audley, His eldest sister B.A. C. C. Cambridge, 1698. Eliza married Lapenotiere. Her grandson, Capt. Lapenotiere, R.N., brought over the dispatches of the battle of Trafalgar, and was entertained by the City thereon. One younger sister Margaret married Rev. John Lovat, vicar of Sandon, Staff. Their son was Rev. John Salt Lovat, rector of Loughton, Essex, ob. 1805; and their grandson, Samuel Salt Lovat, of the Inner Temple, Chancery Barrister, who retired from the Bar 1820. Another younger sister, Anne Salt, married a Thomas Fenton (ob. 1744), whose brother's descendants are the family of Fenton - BougheyFletcher, Anne Salt's existing descendants being the children of Rev. John Fenton and Anne Livingstone, sister of Admiral Sir Thomas Livingstone, of West Quarter, N.B. W. W. LL.

"ALL THAT WAS NEW WAS FALSE, WHAT WAS TRUE WAS OLD." (See 7th S. iv. 129, 257.)-Some time since an inquiry for this passage appeared in N. & Q. I have just met with it in a source which, if I remember rightly, was not noticed in any answer to it; but I have not met with the reference to verify this. The passage to which I refer is in the Life and Letters of C. Darwin' (Autobiogr.,' ch. ii. p. 85, vol. i., London, 1887); Darwin had written upon the Origin of Species,' but had not published his observations, and on being requested by Mr. Wallace to make public a

communication on the same subject, he accompanied it with an abstract of the MS. and a letter to Asa Gray (Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 1858, p. 49).

The reception which these communications received was not a favourable one, and after noticing their respective claims Darwin remarks:

"Nevertheless our joint productions excited very little attention, and the only published notice of them which I can remember was by Prof. Haughton of Dublin, whose verdict was that all that was new was false, and what was true was old."

This is further of interest as marking the occasion of the first public announcement of a theory which has since obtained such general recognition.

ED. MARSHALL.

INSCRIPTION ON THE GRAVE OF L.E.L.I have found the following copy of the inscription on the grave of Miss Landon among a quantity of pamphlets and loose papers that were bought for me at a sale. I cannot remember ever having met with it before. L. E. L.'s verses are not in fashion now; there are, however, still those who derive pleasure from reading them. They may be grateful to you for preserving this slight memorial of one who was, I have been told by those who had the best means of knowing, one of the brightest, gentlest, and most innocent of her sex. "On a marble slab in the Cape Coast Castle Yard is the following epitaph to the memory of L.E.L. (Mrs. M'Lean) :

Hic jacet sepultum
Omne quod mortale fuit
Lætitiæ Elizabethæ M'Lean
Quam egregia ornatum indole musis
Unice amatam, omniumque amores
Secum trahentem, in ipso ætatis flore
Mors immaturæ rapuit

Die Octobris XV. MDCCCXXXVIII.
Etatis XXXVI.

Quod spectas viator marmor vanum
heu doloris monumentum
conjunx mærens erexit.

ASTARTE.

JUDGE JEFFREYS. (See 7th S. ii. 161, 274, 391, 451.)-According to common report and to the 'Biog. Dict.,' 1809, Judge Jeffreys, "the infamous Lord Chancellor under James II.," was a man whose "sanguinary and inhuman proceedings will ever render his name detested." However, I append a copy of the dedication of a book entitled " The History of the War of Cyprus. Written originally in Latin," London, 1687, which would tend to prove that he was an apostle of "sweetness and light." Here it is :

To the Right Honourable George Lord Jeffreys, Baron of Wem, Lord High Chancellor of England, and One of His Majesties most Honourable Privy Council.

My Lord,-Your Lordship, I hope, will pardon the Boldness of this Dedication, and permit the Presenter of it, to pay that Honor and Veneration, which is due from All to your Lordship's Eminent Character, and most Illustrious Merits. To which, nothing can do greater

Right, than what has come from the Mouths of the late flagitious Rebels themselves, who were so highly sensible their Hellish and Damnable Designs, that their Principal of your Lordship's Wisdom and Courage, in opposing Leaders were us'd to please themselves with nothing more, than with the Thoughts and Wishes of making your Lordship a Sacrifice to their Malice and Revenge.

I will not attempt to speak here of what you suffer'd for your Inflexible Loyalty from a Seditious Cabal, nor of our Obligations to your Auspicious Conduct, which nipt the growing Faction in the Bud, and stopt the Torrent of Enthusiastick Frenzy, and by a bold Stroke of Justice, set at Liberty those who were condemn'd unheard, to a perpetual Confinement. It were a Task too hard for me, to undertake a particular Description of these, and other Instances of your Lordship's Goodness and Courage, which will be the chief Subject of the most lasting History of our Times.

All that I pretend to, is, to make some publick Acknowledgement of the just Sense I have of your Lordship's Great and Exemplary Virtues, and to testifie in all Sincerity, that I am, My Lord,

Your Lordship's most Obedient
and humbly Devoted Servant,

ROBERT MIDGLEY. It is said that "the devil is not so black as he is painted," but Mr. Midgley does not seem to have been able to alter the popular verdict against bis patron. J. F. MANSERGH.

Liverpool.

[See 1 S. vi. 432, 531, 542, 549; vii. 45, 405; 2nd S. i. 29, 70, 128, 145, 332, 479; ii. 25; iv. 142; 3rd S. iv. 374; v. 494; ix. 276; 4th S. vi. 541; 5th S. vi. 148.]

VASELINE FOR OLD BOOK COVERS.-Some time ago an 'N. & Q.' man (I think DR. CHANCE) advised owners of old bound books to dress them with vaseline to supple the leather and save cracks. I have just tried the plan, am delighted with the result, and consider DR. CHANCE a benefactor to the human race. As I noticed how eagerly and gratefully the dried and crumbling calf drank in the vaseline, a long forgotten scene of my boyhood revived. On the hot summer afternoons, some fifty years ago, when my mother's carriage came in, one of the horses always dipped his nose to the very bottom of his pail, so as to drive the water nearly up to his eyes, and used almost to wink at us, "Isn't it jolly?" So said my old books to DR. CHANCE's dose of vaseline. If any old book lover wants to give himself a real treat, let him buy a bottle or tin of vaseline, and set to work at his covers. It is a positive pleasure to see how they revive under it. F. J. FURNIVALL.

SPIFLICATE.-I am told that this word was invented by Miss Catherine Sinclair, the well-known authoress of thirty or forty years ago. There were frequent trespassers on her father's property in Caithness-shire, and instead of a notice warning persons to beware of spring-guns and prosecutions, she put up a board with the words Trespassers on these grounds will be spiflicated." At all events, if this story is true, Miss Sinclair de