the last century. There is a round hole, which has
been-evidently after leaving the maker-rudely
cut out in the clock-door to show the motion of
the pendulum. Pendulums in horology were not
introduced till 1657; and my old horologe was
made by "Jos. Gray Durham" (according to date
on the clock-head) in 1616. Hence I call her (a
clock is "she" with us) my "Shakspere Clock,"
for in that year the immortal dramatist died. MR.
MILLS evidently possesses a clock of a seventeenth
century date and make.
R. E. N.
Bishopwearmouth.

and the former revived. It is an Act for continuing and reviving of divers Statutes, and it is provided, s. 50, that "An Act made for declaration of a statute made for the marriage of priests, and for legitimation of their children, shall stand revived and be in force for ever, the said Act of repeal notwithstanding."

The doctrinal permission, apart from the legal sanction, is contained in the Art. 32 of the Thirtynine Articles, temp. Elizabeth, and it goes beyond the Articles as first issued, temp. Edw. VI., by inserting that "it is lawful for them, as for all other Christian men, to marry at their own discretion." ED. MARSHALL.

NAME OF ARTIST WANTED (7th S. vi. 29).— The designer of these very striking woodcuts to Charles Reade's 'Good Fight' (the germ of what he afterwards extended elaborately, and some think spoilt, as 'The Cloister and the Hearth'), was Charles Keene, one of the clever illustrators of Punch. If MR. FISHER had taken the small amount of trouble to consult p. vi of Once a Week, vol. i., he would have found all the artists' names in full. J. W. EBSWORTH.

MARRIAGE OF THE CLERGY (7th S. v. 469). -Whether since the accession of Queen Elizabeth it has ever been contrary to law for the clergy to marry is a disputed question, into which it might not be wise to enter in the pages of N. & Q' The royal injunctions of 1569, whatever force they may have had as legal documents, show the queen's will on this matter. Article 29 gives permission to priests and deacons to take to themselves wives, on the condition that two justices of the peace of the shire where the woman lives, and dwelling next her abode, should testify as to her good character. These injunctions are well known, but it has been somewhat rashly assumed that they were never acted upon, but that then, as now, the clergy of the established religion "took them wives of all which they chose," without any preliminary formalities. That this is a mistake is evident. Early in the reign of Elizabeth, Bishop Horne told Henry "It is stated that Pope Gregory, in the sixth century, Bullinger that "the marriage of priests was authoritatively declared the cock to be the emblem of counted unlawful in the times of Queen Mary, Christianity, and that for this reason it came into use as and was also forbidden by a public statute of the a vane for churches; and most writers assert that the cock, as the emblem of Watchfulness, was placed in realm, which is also in force to this day; although such a position at a very early period. A Papal Enactby permission of Queen Elizabeth clergymen may ment of the ninth century ordered the figure of a cock have their wives, provided only they marry by the to be set up on every church-steeple as the emblem of advice and assent of the Bishop and two justices every spire was surmounted by an ornamental cross, St. Peter. Thus Mr. Pugin remarks that formerly of peace, as they call them." (Parker Society, surmounted by a cock...... At the foot of the cross is a 'Zurich Letters,' Second Series, p. 359.) globe, to represent the power of the cross over tho world.'

This injunction had not become a dead letter in the early part of the reign of James I. Several of these certificates granted by the justices are preserved among the episcopal archives at Lincoln. I printed some of these in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries for March 30, 1876. One of them is signed by Robert Cromwell, father of the Lord Protector. EDWARD PEACOCK,

Bottesford Manor, Brigg.

CHURCH STEEPLES (7th S. v. 226, 393, 514).— I give below an extract from an article on 'Vanes and Weathercocks,' by the Rev. S. Coode Hore, in the May number of the Antiquary (p. 202). If it is not found too lengthy it may be thought worthy of insertion in 'N. & Q.':

"It is remarkable that one of the earliest of such weather-cocks has been met with. Thus at Brixen, in

the year 1652, one such cock was discovered, bearing the inscription: Dominus Rampentus Episc; gallum hunc fieri præcepit anno 820.' The full meaning of the weathercock as a symbol may be gathered from the hymn on such subject, written in or before the year 1420 A.D., a translation of which appears in Neale's 'Mediæval Hymn Book.' La Queriere, however, maintains that the cock was first used as a vane, as being the The case is as follows: The Act 2 Edw. VI. ancient warlike symbol of certain tribes in Gaul. It is c. 21 was an Act to take away all positive Laws recorded of the vessels of Sweyn of Denmark, 1004, that there were vanes at the mast-heads in the shape of birds made against Marriage of Priests. This was with expanded wings, showing whence the wind blew. recited in 5 & 6 Edw. VI. cap. 12, an Act Several vessels represented in the Bayeaux tapestry have touching the Declaration of a Statute made for the pennon-shaped vanes on the top of the masts. Marriage of Priests. This was repealed 1 Mary again, in the life of Emma, Queen of Canute, a descrip(sess. 2), cap. 2, an Act for the repeal of certain Station is given of a fleet sent to England in 1013, in which it is stated that the figures of birds, turning with the tutes made in the time of the reign of Edw. VI. wind, appeared on the top of the masts; but whether But in 1 Jac. I. c. 25, this last Act was repealed, these were cocks or other birds the historian saith not.

And

But cocks are distinctly visible on the outside of St. Bedfordshire, about six miles distant from Bedford. Swithin's Church, at Winchester, in the Anglo-Saxon In former years the county was ecclesiastically in Benedictional of St. Ethelwold. The picture represents the diocese of Lincoln, which then reached from the interior and exterior of a church. The bishop within is blessing the people; whilst on the outside two Thames to Humber, but recently it has formed a cocks, on two separate turrets, are looking after the portion of the diocese of Ely. No doubt your weather. The date of this picture is the tenth century, correspondent would find the information he is in and these cocks are referred to by Wulstan, a contem-search of in the registry at Lincoln. The church porary writer. The cock is again depicted on a yet earlier picture of St. Mary, at Bletsoe, is a small cruciform of a church, a copy of which is also given in the Archao-structure with tower at the intersection, and has logia (vol. xxv.). Hence weathercocks were in use in undergone restoration. The manor and advowson this country in Anglo-Saxon days. Some idea of the have for many generations belonged to Lord St. size and weight of these ancient cocks may be gained John, who is Baron St. John, of Bletsoe, and the from the fact that the cock standing on the old spire of northern arm of the transept has for centuries been Rouen Cathedral was 3 feet 8 inches in length, and it weighed twenty-eight pounds." used as their burial-place. The parish is situated on the banks of the river Ouse, which winds in a remarkable manner from Turvey to Bedford, and These notes recall to mind the quaint but is crossed by the Midland Railway some halfbeautiful verses of Henry Vaughan, 'Cock-crow-dozen times between Bletsoe and Bedford, a ing,' in which the cock figures as something more distance of only six miles. than a symbol:

The whole article is interesting.

ALPHA.

Father of lights! what Sunnie seed,
What glance of day hast thou confin'd
Into this bird? To all the breed
This busie Ray thou hast assign'd;

Their magnetisme works all night,
And dreams of Paradise and light.
Their eyes watch for the morning-hue,
Their little grain expelling night
So shines and sings as if it knew
The path unto the house of light.

It seems their candle, howe'r done,
Was tinn'd and lighted at the sunne.
If such a tincture, such a touch,
So firm a longing can impowre,
Shall thy own image think it much
To watch for thy appearing hour?
If a meer blast so fill the sail,

Shall not the breath of God prevail? There are five more stanzas in the poem. sixth is especially beautiful :—

North-east of the church is a portion of the ancient mansion of the St. Johns, partly surrounded by a moat now dry. In it was born in 1441, Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond, who was the munificent foundress of St. John's and Christ's Colleges, in Cambridge, and of the Lady Margaret professorship at Oxford. The old manor house was at that time the seat of the Beauchamps. She died in 1509, and was buried in Henry VII.'s chapel at Westminster, having just witnessed her grandson Henry VIII. ascend the throne of England. JOHN PICKFORd, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

The Bishop's transcripts for the Archdeaconry of Bedford commence in 1602, and are preserved in the muniment room of St. Paul's, Bedford. I am The same. now printing a large volume of extracts from the Those for Irchester would probably be found at Northampton. F. A. BLAYDES.

If joyes, and hopes, and earnest throes,
And hearts, whose Pulse beats still for light,
Are given to birds; who, but thee, knows
A love-sick soul's exalted flight?

Can souls be track'd by any eye
But his, who gave them wings to flie?

'Silex Scintillans,' second ed., p. 126.
C. C. B.
In the minute book of the Society of Anti-
quaries there is the following entry, giving
another opinion as to why a cock was put upon
a steeple :-

"29. Jan. 1723/4, Mr. Norroy [Peter Le Neve] brought a script from Gramaye, Historia Brabantiæ, shewing that the manner of adorning the tops of steeples with a cross and a cock, is derived from the Goths, who bore that as their warlike ensign,"

Stratford, E.

J. W. ALLISON.

REV. NICOLAS MASON, OF BLETSOE (7th S. v. | 507).-Bletsoe, of which parish this clergyman died rector in 1571, is in the northern part of

Bedford.

7th 8. VI. JULY 28, '88.]

NOTES AND QUERIES.

no doubt, from the economy of its materials for culinary
purposes, that it must have existed in this kingdom for
many centuries. We find in the reigns of Henry VII.
and VIII, that many statutes were enacted relative to
the pewterer: by 19 of the former king, cap. 6, and 4 of
the same, cap. 4, the weights and standard of pewterers'
metal were limited. We find, also, by other statutes of
Henry VIII, that their goods were liable to be searched
and sold in open places; and by the 25 of Hen. VIII.
c. 9, s. 3, no stranger born shall work pewter, &c.; all
which proves that in Henry VIII.'s time the pewterer's
must have been a trade of considerable importance."-
'Book of Trades' (1818), p. 248.

Liverpool.

J. F. MANSERGH.

Le Peuterer occurs as a surname on the Close HERMENTRUde. Roll for 1355.

"IT IS NOT EVERY LADY OF GENOA THAT IS A QUEEN OF CORSICA" (7th S. v. 487).-Corsica never had but one king-the unfortunate Theodore The proverb would seem, -in the last century. therefore, to refer to him, but the ordinary books of reference do not tell us who was poor Col. Frederick's mother.

Hastings.

EDWARD H. Marshall, M.A.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

Catalogue of the London Library. By Robert Harrison, Secretary and Librarian. Fifth Edition. (Sold at the Library.) THE interest of Mr. Harrison's 'Catalogue of the London Library is not confined to members of that valuable institution. It extends to all classes of bibliographers and bibliophiles. Three catalogues in succession have been edited by Mr. Harrison, whose labours, aided, as they have been, by zealous assistants, have been constant and arduous. During the period, less than half a century, in which the library has been in existence, the collection has risen from about three thousand volumes to about one hundred thousand; and for the modest catalogue first published in 1842 we have now two portly volumes, the first of which has nearly twelve hundred pages. Some departure from precedent has been necessary in consequence of the multiplication of volumes. The information which in the earlier catalogues appeared in small type has now been transferred to the appendix, in vol. ii. By this means the entire list of authors, A to Z, is given in vol. i. This is probably the last time that so convenient a course can be maintained, since if the rate of progression in books is maintained, and the practically decennial publication of a new catalogue is observed, the catalogue itself will, before long, form a small library. Mr. Harrison's arrangement is clear and convenient. In the first volume the names of books or authors appear in alphabetical order; and in the case of authors the names of the In the second volume the various works are given. lists of long sets of works, English and foreign, parliamentary reports, works printed by societies, &c., are furnished, the cross references being, in this case, abundant. A reference to the word "Tracts" will be sufficient to show the amount of labour involved. The discoveries of some slight inaccuracies may reward a prolonged investigation. The whole is, however, done in a manner equally

painstaking and accurate, and reflects high credit upon
Mr. Harrison and his coadjutors. The London Library
has been fortunate in its librarians,

Papers read at the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition.
(Jewish Chronicle' Office.)
Bibliotheca Anglo-Judaica: a Bibliographical Guide to
Anglo-Jewish History. Compiled by Joseph Jacobs
and Lucien Wolf. (Same publishers.)

Hebrew Deeds of English Jews before 1290. Edited by
M. D. Davis. (Same publishers.)

Catalogue of Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition Royal
Albert Hall. (Clowes & Sons.)

THE Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition of last year
was not, we understand, a financial success. As, how-
It achieved what it was intended
little consequence.
ever, it was not a money-making speculation, this is of
for it drew attention to the great historical interest
attaching to the Jewish element in English life. In
times when the children of Abraham were debarred
from civil rights it was the cant of the day to picture
partment of life. Now, since they have become citizens,
their immense and far-reaching influence in every de-
with equal rights with the rest of us, the Jewish elements
in society are forgotten or ignored by the greater part
of those who live on from day to day without a thought
of the past or of how things came to be as we find them
at present. We imagine that it will be news to many
persons that between the time of their expulsion and
their open return, in the middle of the seventeenth cen-
tury, there were always Jews in this country. The his-
tory of the progress of a country like ours is far too vast
an undertaking to be dealt with as a whole in any one
series of volumes, however vast. It must be cut up into
sections if it is to be made intelligible. The Jews in
Britain is one department which may easily be treated
by itself, though mingling with the main stream; in the
for emancipation, it is mainly separate, and might, if
reigns of John, Edward I., and during the long struggle
in proper hands and dealt with in sufficient detail, be
made a work of no ordinary interest.

The eight papers read at the Royal Albert Hall during
the time the exhibition was open show, in some measure,
on what lines such a book should be made. They are
naturally of very various degrees of interest. To us Mr.
Lucien Wolf's on The Middle Age of Anglo-Jewish
us into what is almost a new world. The article by Mr.
History, 1290-1656,' is the most interesting, as it admits
Rye, however, on the persecutions of the Jews, is really
of more practical use than any other, as it gives, in a
condensed form, a catalogue, as it were, of English
brutalities against an unoffending and harmless people.
we imagine, been written mainly for those of the Jewish
Dr. Adler's account of the Chief Rabbis of England has,
community.

Mr. Davis's Hebrew Deeds of English Jews before
1290' is a most useful book. There are not many Eng.
To have all the
lish antiquaries who are Hebrew scholars, still fewer
who can read manuscripts in that language by Hebrew
scribes written in the Middle Ages,
known Anglo-Hebrew deeds of early date printed in one
volume, accompanied by condensed summaries, is a very
great gain. The only fault we have to find is that the
author has, in many instances, omitted the names of the
witnesses. This is a very great mistake. They would
have added much to the value of the book and not added
appreciably to its bulk.

We have carefully examined the Bibliotheca AngloJudaica.' It is evidently a compilation which will be of great service to every one engaged in any line of research which in any way touches on Judaism and

1