They may be in the above volume, and by one of CHEVREUX (7th S. vi. 247, 296).—The following paragraph from the Monthly Magazine for 1801 (vol. xii. p. 422) may point out a source of further information as to this word : "Wigs. Some years ago we had to read the Pogonology. Caxons have now succeeded to beards, and a similar work appears, entitled 'Eloge des Perruques par le Docteur Akerlio.' This book is ascribed to Deguerle, the translator of Petronius: it deserves, for micrology of erudition, a place in the Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries; and for frothiness of eloquence, to be studied by puffers and auctioneers." Although not bearing on the derivation of chevreux, say in what year, nor whether the brewery is still The name of the firm brewing this once cele- GENEALOGICAL (7th S. vi. 327).-Whether the Rev. George Stott, Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford, is a member of the family referred to by MR. BARTON I cannot say; but that gentleman is residing at Barnet, Herts, and may be able to supply the information desired. E. VENABLES. BROOKE (7th S. vi. 247).-The titles of the two INDIAN PALE ALE (7th S. vi. 329).—The ques-tracts in J. Payne Collier's Illustrations of Early tion of A. H. about Hodgson's ale recalls to my English Popular Literature' (1863), referred to by memory some verses which I saw in, I think, some MR. WARD are:Indian magazine, many years ago. Though perhaps only an advertisement, they may be worth preserving as a specimen of an extinct taste in verse: "Take away this clammy nectar," Let such trash be served again." Felt he Jove's tremendous toes. That you know not Hodgson's ale." To the glorious stuff that is here. Did the star of Hodgson rise. C. T. M. Hodgson, the brewer of the celebrated Indian pale ale, carried on his brewery in partnership with Abbott (Hodgson & Abbott) at Bromley-byBow, Middlesex, on a branch of the Lea, and for some years sat in Parliament, I think, for the county. JOHN TAYLOR. Park Lodge, Dagnall Park. 1. The most Horrible and Tragicall Murther of the Right Honorable the Vertuous and Valerous Gentleman, Iohn Lord Bourgh, Baron of Castell Connell. Committed by Arnold Cosby, the foureteenth of Ianuarie...... Printed by R R 1591. 2. The Manner of the Death and Execution of Arnold Cosbie, for Murthering the Lord Boorke, who was executed at Wandsworth townes End on the 27. of Ianuarie 1591, &c. The murder is duly recorded in Stow's 'Chronicle' YORKSHIRE FIELD-NAMES (7th S. vi. 323).— Thanks are due to MR. FALLOW for sending you the old field-names of Kirkleatham. I trust that others will follow his example. These local designations are many of them very old. Even the modern expressions are sometimes not devoid of interest. Barton meant originally a barley-close, afterwards a threshing-floor and a farmyard. It would be interesting to know which of these ideas has given the names to Upper and Nether Barton. Lady Orchard.-Names compounded with lady are of common occurrence. In most cases I have no doubt that they refer to the Blessed Virgin. It was a common practice before the religious changes The brewery was at Bromley, Bow. Mr. Hodg- of the sixteenth century for persons to charge their son had two sons, George and Frederic, the sur-lands with payments to the Lady Altar in the parish vivor of whom, Frederic, was for some years M.P. for Barnstaple, and died in 1854. The firm had become Hodgson & Abbott, but I am not able to church for lights to be burnt in honour of our Blessed Lady. It is right, however, to point out that my very learned friend, Mr. George Laurence Gomme has suggested that in some cases lady may be a corruption of Law Day. See 'Primitive Folk Moots,' pp. 122, 255, 275. Turnpoke. It is possible that this may have been a place where cocks were fought. Turnpoke used to be a well-known name for a kind of gamecock. Samuel Pegge says: "If one may judge of the rest from the fowls of Rhodes and Media, the excellency of the broods at that time consisted in their weight and largeness, as the fowls of those countries were heavy and bulky, and of the nature of what our sportsmen would call shakebags or turnpokes."-Archæologia, vol. iii. p. 142. Bottesford Manor, Brigg. EDWARD PEACOCK, 'ONCE A WEEK' (7th S. vi. 306).-Might I, with all deference, suggest to MR. WALFORD another reason for the adoption of this name for the periodical. Household Words, which had always been printed by Bradbury & Evans, was closed by Dickens in May, 1859, who then started his new venture of All the Year Round, which was published by Chapman & Hall, and printed by Whiting. Bradbury & Evans, perhaps rather sore on the subject, then commenced the new periodical of Once a Week, and, somewhat by way of retaliation, thought, perhaps, Well, Dickens, you call your new bantling All the Year Round, so also shall ours be-Once a week is all the year round." JOHN TAYLOR. Park Lodge, Dagnall Park, RUTLAND HOUSE (7th S. vi. 89, 233, 331).-My quotation from Bearcroft was abridged to save space. The full paragraph runs :— "His son Roger, Lord North, sold Charterhouse to the Duke of Norfolk for 2,500l. on the 31st day of May following [1565], except that part on the east side of the chapel which was then the mansion-house of Lord North, and is now Rutland Court, and the houses adjoining on to Goswell Street."-P. 202. The Act of Charles I. (1628-9), confirming the charter of James I., by which the rights of Lord North are reserved, expressly mentions his house as being "at or near the east end of the said Hospital," and also names courts, gardens, orchards, or grounds thereunto "buildings, edifices, belonging, or there with used or enjoyed," and messuages, tenements, or hereditaments of the said Lord North being within or near the scite or precinct of the said Hospital" (Chronicles of C.H.,' p. 212). It is evident, therefore, that it could not have been " part of the prior's lodgings," which were to the west of the chapel (see plan A in the Carthusian), and also that it occupied a considerable extent of ground, probably reaching as far as what is now Goswell Street, as seems to be implied in Bearcroft's words. The wall of Charterhouse grounds formerly extended some distance from Wilderness Row down Goswell Street, if I recollect right, below where the church now stands; and looking at plan D in the Carthusian, it seems probable that at one time it reached as far down as Glasshouse Yard and the ground adjoining formed the north side of Charterhouse Square, and that part of the original Charterhouse grounds, which was not included in Sutton's foundation, and was original foundation consisted of 13 acres, 1 rood, the position of Lord North's house. As Manny's independently of the square, and the ground occupied by the Charterhouse at the time the school was removed was, according to a plan in my possession, only 9a. 3r. 7p., Glasshouse Yard, &c., may have been the remainder of it which Lord North retained in his own possession. Whether Lord North's house Lady Maidstone's House, was situated in some became Rutland House, or whether the latter, like other part of "Charterhouse Church Yard" may be a question, but the designation Rutland Court, or Rutland Place, would seem to imply their identity. Bearcroft does not mention Rutland House, only Rutland Court. G. S. Library, Charterhouse. This was This has nothing to do with the Ferrar family. your columns CUTHBERT BEDE for his having put Jounpore, India. Was this title when applied by the Pope to DEFENDER OF THE FAITH (7th S. vi. 328).— ancient appellative of the English monarchs? In the tenth volume of the Royal Letters,' art. 1811, Henry VIII. a new bestowal, or the revival of an nissimo Principi et strenuissimo sacre religionis a Cistercian abbot addresses Edward I. as "Seredefensori, domino Edwardo," &c. Was this simply viously given to some sovereign, so that it became a flower of rhetoric, or had this title been prea part of his proper style-Edward the Confessor, for instance? HERMENTRUDE. coinage are part of the royal dignity, and should, I The letters "F.D.," or "Fid Def.," on our suppose, be retained till we lapse into paganism. 13, Paternoster Row. A. HALL. Byron's Influence on European Literature' shows much knowledge. The treatment is highly sympathetic. In his own day there cannot be much doubt that Byron was over-estimated, but of late the pendulum of popular taste has swung far too much in a contrary direction. It is no uncommon thing to find persons who grudge to admit that Byron was in any true sense a poet. This silly superstition need not be combated, but it has been of great AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (7th S. vi. service to us to have pointed out the enormous range of 89, 299). The heart has reasons reason knows not of. Mr. G. Seeley has done me the favour to supply me with the better text of the sentiment from Pascal, as it appears in Faugère's genuine text ("Pensées. Fragments et Lettres, publiées pour la première fois par P. Faugère," 1844): "Le cœur a ses raisons, que la raison ne connait point: on le sait en mille choses." (7th S. vi. 269.) (7th S. vi. 369.) ED. MARSHALL. Does your fair correspondent refer to Lord Macaulay's 'Ivry '?— Amidst the thickest carnage blazed the helmet of Navarre. H. W. "We are near waking when we dream that we dream." The above is by Friedrich von Hardenberg, called "Novalis." It occurs in Carlyle's 'Miscellanies,' vol. ii. p. 240 (what edition I know not, as I am quoting from an old note-book compiled by a correspondent of yours in 1852). The rendering Carlyle gives is "We are I near awaking when we dream that we dream." know from my own experience that the statement is as true as a physical fact as it is in those higher regions which have but slight and unstable relations to physical phenomena. ASTARTE. The author of this is Novalis, and it is to be found in his 'Fragments.' See Carlyle's essay on 'Novalis.' EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &o. Stray Chapters in Literature, Folk-lore, and Archæology. By William E. A. Axon. (Manchester, Heywood.) MR. AXON is an industrious writer. All his papers are of permanent value, but they suffer from compression. We are sorry that one who has got so much to tell, and tells it so well, should not have seen fit to expand some of the more important papers. We could have dispensed with Blindness and Deafness' and 'A Century of the Cotton Trade' if by that means we could have ensured the excellent paper on Sir Richard Phillips being twice as long as it is. Phillips was a shrewd, sensible man, good, kind-hearted, and crotchety. There was a time when he was regarded as a dangerous Radical. To us, who view his life in the light of modern changes, he seems only to have held very common-place political notions. He abstained the greater part of his life from eating animal food, which brought down on him much ridicule from ignorant and stupid persons, who would not listen to the arguments by which he defended his extreme opinions. The two books by which he used to be best known were his Arts of Life' and 'A Million of Facts.' We believe they have long been out of print, and it is not probable that they will ever be reissued. Knowledge has widened so much since his day that they are of no interest now except as historical documents. Notwithstanding his strange crotchets regarding gravitation and kindred subjects, they were in their day extremely useful as books of reference. The paper on Byron's influence. We were aware that it had been very great, but until we read Mr. Axon's paper we had no idea that it had been so world-wide. The paper on The Geographical Distribution of Men of Genius' is very curious. It opens out to us lines of speculation which, in the present state of our knowledge, it is perhaps unwise to follow. The subject must, however, at no remote date be taken up in an exhaustive manner. Whoever endeavours to face these difficult problems will find Mr. Axon's paper most useful. Turkey. By Stanley Lane-Poole, assisted by E. J. W. We have followed the authors carefully, step by step, in their blood-stained chronicle, and have detected no errors and but few points on which it would be safe to raise a counter issue. The narrative is at all times graphic and picturesque; occasionally it rises to real eloquence. The account of the battle of Nicopolis is really very fine. We hear the crash and see the dust of the combat as we read the glowing words in which the authors have described it. We do not, however, consider the strictly historical portion the most important part of the volume before us. The facts there given can be found elsewhere, though not in so compact and orderly a manner, but nowhere else can we meet with so full and accurate an account of Ottoman literature, and of the inner life of the Sultans before the revolutionary hand of the modern reformer had swept away the old medieval splendour. The last chapter deals with the events of quite modern days. Persons who wish to have accurate knowledge on the Eastern question should read it carefully. It will be found more profitable than any number of "atrocity pamphlets, however adroit the process of their manufacture may have been. Old Glasgow, the Place and the People, from the Roman Occupation to the Eighteenth Century. By Andrew Macgeorge. (Blackie & Son.) THIS is the third edition of a popular history of Glasgow. To write a book of local history that shall be at once learned and interesting is a feat that very few are able to achieve. Antiquarian plodding is one thing, the graces of style another, and they are seldom united in one person. Mr. Macgeorge has had several forerunners of the dully learned sort, and a herd past counting of scribblers who knew nothing well, and had not even the poor art of hiding their ignorance. He is, however, the first person who has given us the annals of Glasgow in a form that it is delightful to read. The scale on which the book is constructed has not permitted him to tell us so much of the Middle Age life of Scotland as we should like to have heard. What is given us is clear and accurate, entirely free from that foolish taint of theological bitterness which runs through many of the books produced north of tho Tweed. We have especially enjoyed the portion of the book devoted to the history of the planting and early growths of Christianity in Scotland. On such a subject it is now almost impossible to tell anything new, but Mr. Macgeorge has grouped his facts in a telling manner, which must needs impress the minds of his readers. His picture of serfdom, too, is clear and accurate. It is a subject which yet requires investigation. The condition of the unfree seems to have varied much in different parts of the island. The author seems to be unaware how long it lasted in England. There is evidence of the existence of bondmen in Yorkshire late in the reign of James I. A large part of the volume is devoted to times near our own. This is as it should be. The doings of the men of the eighteenth century are as well worth recording, and in some ways are as picturesque as those of knights, abbots, and reformers. The Glasgow Tobacco Lord was a most interesting character. We are very thankful to Mr. Macgeorge for having preserved the memory of men who were, in their virtues and their failings, the equivalents of the merchant princes of Venice, Genoa, and Amsterdam. The engravings with which the book is illustrated are works of art of a high order, and there is an excellent index. Historic Towns.-Cinque Ports. By Montagu Burrows, Capt. R. N. and Chichele Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford. (Longmans & Co.) THOUGH Hastings, Sandwich, Dover, Romney, and Hythe were the original Cinque Ports, Winchelsea and Rye, officially known as the "two ancient towns," were added to the confederation soon after the Norman Conquest. To Hastings were attached the two corporate member of Seaford and Pevensey, as well as the six non-corporate members of Bulvarhythe, Hydney, Petit Iham, Bekesbourn, Grenche, and Northeye; to Sandwich the two corporate members of Fordwich and Deal, and the six non-corporate members of Reculver, Sarre, Stonor, Ramsgate, Walmer, and Brightlingsea, in Essex; to Dover the two corporate members of Folkestone and Faversham, and the seven non-corporate members of Margate, St. John's, Goresend, Birchington Wood, St. Peter's, Kingsdown, and Ringwould; to Romsey the one corporate member of Lydd, and the four non-corporate members of Old Romney, Bromehill, Dengemarsh, and Orwaldstone; to Hythe the one non-cor porate member of West Hythe; and to Rye the one corporate member of Tenterden. The history of this powerful and unique confederation, to which the control of the herring fishery and the defence of our Southern seaboard were entrusted, is one of singular interest. We are rather disposed to think that Prof. Burrows has erred in so completely subordinating the historical details relating to the various members of the confederation to the central idea of depicting "the infancy and early triumphs of the British Navy as practically represented by the Cinque Ports." We hope, however, that the sketch is only a forerunner of a complete work on the subject, which cannot be dealt with exhaustively within the prescribed and narrow limits of "Historic Towns." Four excellent maps accompany the letter-press, the one forming the frontispiece to the volume showing the relative positions of the seven head ports and the eight corporate and twenty-four non-corporate members. The Bairns' Annual. Edited by Alice Corkran. (Field & Tuer.) A PLEASING collection of fairy-tales and children's stories, all genuine, are illustrated by a large number of clever and original designs. Le Livre for November opens with a conte pour les bibliophiles, Le Bibliothécaire Van der Boëcken de Rotterdam, Histoire Vraie,' a brilliant sketch, by Octave Uzanne. This is illustrated by several designs, the most interesting of which is a reproduction of a caricature of Charles Nodier, which originally appeared in the PanRobida. Portrait de Bibliophile' deals with the Baron théon Charivarique. These illustrations are by M. Albert James de Rothschild. M. Édouard Petit supplies also La Vie Mondaine de Mignet,' 1830 to 1848. THE Universal Review, No. VII., contains a thoughtful article by Mr. Edward Garnett on Richard Jefferies.' This is followed by a composite paper on the subject of 'Competitive Examinations,' the authors of which are Sir John Lubbock, Mr. Walter Wren, Prof. Ray Lankester, and the Editor. A similar contribution is also sent on the Progress of Woman.' Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." INQUIRER ("Vaseline").-To be obtained from any chemist. CHARLES ROEDER.-Yes. CORRIGENDA.-P. 366, col. 1, 1. 3 from bottom, for "1681 " read 1686-7; col. 2, 1. 1, for "eighty-six " read seventy-nine. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 22, Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception, LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1888. CONTENTS.-N° 153. NOTES:-Racing in the Seventeenth Century, 421-Protestant -Arbuthnot's Residence-Corkous justly weighed, the weight ten stone down-weight, by the weights (as they call them) of 'Aver-du-poyse': the horses are to be bridled, sadled, and shod. After the riders are justly weighed by such a gentleman as shall be demed to be a just judge, not only of the riders weight, but also to judge impartially who comes first to the stoup; another gentleman must be appointed at the twelve-score-stoup, to judge what horse is rid out of distance, which a main businesse, and a third must be desired to see them start fair. "2. The horses must be led down from Sparton-hill to Russian Troops attacked by Wolves, 427-Heraldic-Brand- the starting place; and there must be three heats, the ings-A Curious Dance round a Curious Tree-Place- first heat to Sparton-hill, there to rub half an hour, and names-Patrick-MS. of Sir Roger de Coverley'-First then the judge is to give them warning to get up and Published Work of Borrow-Chains of Straw- Lord Bate- start; but if in that half-hour they relieve their horses with anything but faire water, or if they ride out of disman'-Major Otho Hamilton, 428-Green-"Salve Regina" -How to restore Pencil Marks-Authors Wanted, 429. REPLIES:-Rose, Thistle, and Shamrock, 429-Death of tance, or the riders want weight, they must lose the cup; only there is allowed two pound for wasting. The second Clive-Relics of Plastic Art, 430-Goose-Shelley's' Adonais' -Budæus-Red Book of the Exchequer, 431-Pamphlet heat is to end where they begun last, and two gentlemen Sword of the Black Prince-Anson's Voyages'-Posts at must be desired to see, not onely who comes first to the Cross Roads-Englefield Baronetcy-Old Song-Chartist, stoup, but at the twelve-score-stoup who rides out of dis432-White Elephant-Baron Coleraine-Oral Tradition-tance, and who not: and 'twere well to have a flag at the Tailed Africans-A Yorkshireman's Arms, 433-Wipple Tree -Ealing School-Wooden Walls-"That sweet saint who ending stoup of each heat to be let down as soon as the sate by Russell's side," 434-Cortége-T. G. Wainewright- first horse is past the stoup, for the Judges easyer discerning who rides within distance and who not: the "Whistling Oyster," 435-Chestnut-Indian Pale Ale 'Pleasures of Melancholy'-Sir Jas. Strangwayes - Dual riders must be weighed every heat, the relief is to be Origin of the Stuart Family-Herrick, 436-Sailors—“Omni- onely water, the rub but half an hour, and then the Judge is to bid them mount. bus Order"-Roodselken-Pinchbeck, 437. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Parkinson's Yorkshire Legends and Traditions' Milne's Readable English Dictionary' · Baddeley's Account of the Church and Parish of St. Giles without Cripplegate' - -Westmorland Note-Book '-Sime's 'Life of Goethe'-Elze's 'William Shakespeare.' otices to Correspondents, &c. Notes. RACING IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. The following rules, drawn up by the Duke of Newcastle in 1662, are copied from a broadside in the Bodleian. The press-mark is Wood 276A 149. There is no heading or title to the broadside. At the end it is dated May 26, 1662, by Anthony Wood, who adds, "given to me by Hen. Hall, the University printer." Another set of rules, dated 1682, drawn up by William Blundell, of Crosby, is printed in Mr. T. E. Gibson's 'Crosby Records,' 1880, p. 267. There are also some curious anecdotes of racing in 'Memoirs of the Life of Thomas, Marquess of Wharton' (1715, anonymous), pp. 97, 98: "Being commanded by his Excellency the La Marquis of Newcastle to publish the following Articles for his new Course, I am first to inform you, that the work was begun so late, and is so great, viz.: the ploughing of five miles in length, and a considerable breadth, with the harrowing of it twice over, and sowing it with hay seed to sord [?] it, that there will be no firm riding on it before the last of July, when my Lord intends to give a cup of 57., and the same he will do on the last of August and September, then ending the Course for this year. But the next year (if God grant his Excellency life and health) he means to begin it on the last of April, continuing it on the last of each moneth till the last of September inclusively, six months in all, giving each moneth a cup of 51. "The Articles. "1. The horses are all to meet at Sparton-hill-top between eleven and twelve, where the riders are to be "3. There being three heats he that wins the most heats wins the Cup, so he rides within distance, not otherwise, but that horse which is foremost the last heat; this will make them ride for it. The stakes are ten shillings an horse, and to be put into the hands of the Judges who are to deliver them to the second horse. "4. He that wins the Cup saves his own stake, the second horse shall have all the rest. "5. It is to be considered that if any rider whip another rider, or his horse on the face, or pull back another's bridle, he shall lose the cup. "6. No bystander must ride in with the horses, to face, stop, or turn them over, or any other way to hinder them, but must ride aloof from them. If any such fault be committed, I must implore the gentry to help me in the legal punishing of the offenders. "His Excellency saith, that, seeing he makes this Course only for the pleasure of the gentry, he hopes they will take it in good part, he having no other end in it, except his Lordship's own contentment. But his Excellency adds that he never yet knew any public thing that many teachers, for if people did not find fault with every was not found fault with, and that everywhere there be thing, they would not be thought wise in anything: but his Lordship is very confident he shall find nothing of this humour amongst those noble persons whom herein he desires to serve. And he commands me to tell you, that though this be not the Law of the Medes and Perin his horse, mare, or gelding at his pleasure, 'tis the sians, yet he will alter nothing in it. Every man may put Liberty of the Subject, and so his that sets up the Course. When any man doth the like, he may make the Law what he pleases. In the mean time his Lordship hopes this Course will please you all, since he has no other end in it. "His Excellency further commands me to let you his Lordship's good liking. know, that his Course or heats continues no longer than "Thus I have obeyed his Excellency's Commands, "Jo: ROLLESTON." "26 May, 1662. Given to me by Hen. Hall, the UniC. H. FIRTH. versity Printer. A. Woode." |