NOTES AND QUERIES. was a pedestrian tour. Be this as it may, the The diarist's face prepossesses (p. 322). W. H. Curran, describing him in 1823, says that his face was extremely comely-open and confiding, without a particle of guile in his sweet blue eyes. At p. 324 the diarist laments "talent misapplied when it breaks the sanctuary of established order." This was a favourite text of O'Connell's political preaching. "Milk and vegetable diet humanize the heart (p. 337), and "conduces to better health and longer life" (p. 338); and at a lone public house between Larne and Ballymena the diarist calls for "bread and milk" (p. 358). This was a favourite food with O'Connell. His biographers, describing his arrival at Cork in 1829 to defend the prisoners in the Doneraile conspiracy, describe him as devouring bread and milk in court. W. J. FITZPATRICK, F.S.A. "NOM DE PLUME" (7th S. iii. 348; iv. 17, 331, 494; v. 52, 155, 195, 274, 412, 472).-The following excerpts from L'Intermédiaire may interest the various writers on the matter in these columns, and ought, I think, to be conclusive. I have silently watched the controversy, and ventured, in the interests of truth, to insert a query in L'Intermédiaire, which I transcribe with abbreviated replies: "Nom de plume ou nom de guerre.--Cette expression pour indiquer l'anonymat ou le pseudonymat littéraire est-elle française ou étrangère? Est-elle exacte, et les écrivains français se servent-ils de ce vocable? Ou faut-il dire nom de guerre? Merci d'avance à qui me renseignera. Nos savants se battent là-dessus dans les pages de Notes and Queries, et ne savent quelle est l'expression usitée en pareil cas. "Manchester." "J. B. S." "Nous ne connaissons pas dans notre langue l'expression: nom de plume, et il est inutile de la prendre aux anglais. Nous avons le vocable: nom de guerre, qui est bien français et qui indique avec une clarté suffisante le pseudonymat littéraire. L'origine de cette expression est, d'ailleurs, bien française. Autrefois, en effet, chaque soldat prenait, en s'enrôlant, un surnom qu'il gardait tant qu'il était sous les drapeaux; c'était, à la lettre, un véritable nom de guerre. L'extension est donc naturelle. Sous certains régimes de bon plaisir ou de terreur, l'arène littéraire n'est-elle pas souvent un champ de bataille où l'on joue sa vie ou sa liberté?" &c. "C. D." "Il ne s'agit pas du nom de guerre ou de combat de nos écrivains, en général, mais bien du nom de plume qu'ils adoptent, c'est-à-dire du faux nom scus lequel ils s'efforcent de se faire une réputation, qui manque de courage ou de modestie. La Société des Précieuses et celle des Solitaires de Port-Royal, au XVIIe siècle, ont ouvert chez nous la plus brillante série de cette phase (7th 8. VI. Nov, 24, '88. littéraire, qui s'est changée aujourd'hui en fièvre si August 10 respectively. Will they satisfy Miss Dicey" were printers and publishers of broadsides 0. ATTRIBUTES OF THE DEITY (7th S. vi. 88, 251). -There is in St. Augustine, "Intelligamus Deum quantum possumus, sine qualitate bonum, sine quantitate magnum, sine indigentia Creanum, sine ulla Sui mutatione mutabilia facientem, nihilque torem, sine situ præsidentem, sine habitu omnia contipatientem."-De Trinitate,' l. v. c. i. § 2, t. viii. p. 883, nentem, sine loco ubique totum, sine tempore sempiterB.C. troversy with Hobbes' ('Works,' vol. iv. p. 229, INSCRIPTION IN A SCOTCH (?) ABBOT'S HOUSE stone 6 ft. 4 in. long by 11 in. in breadth in the (7th S. vi. 329).-These lines are carved on a lintel house in May Gate, Dunfermline, which has been for about two hundred years known as the "Abbot's House," which was the residence of Robert Pitcairn, Commendator of Dunfermline about 1576. For fuller particulars see Annals of Dunfermline,' by E. Henderson, LL.D., p. 219. DIU VELIS ESSE SENEX" (7th S. vi. 224).—The equivalents of this A. W. CORNELIUS HALLEN. "MATURE FIAS SENEX, SI proverb in most of the principal languages of Europe will be found in the very large collection of proverbs by Ida and Otto von Düringsfeld (Leipzig, 1872), i. 32, § 70, to which I have already had occasion to refer in 'N. & Q.,' and which is very useful, although one is never informed from which of the numerous works of reference given at been taken. The English equivalent there given the end of the book any particular proverb has is "They who would be young when they are old must be old when they are young"; but this is somewhat too much of a paraphrase, and I think old thou wouldst be long." a neater rendering would be "Be old betimes if 7th 8. VI. Nov. 24, '89.] NOTES AND QUERIES. By Polydore Vergil (and probably by Cicero also) the proverb seems to have been understood wholly in a moral sense, but in nearly all the numerous equivalents I notice that it is taken in a physical sense, as a piece of advice to those who are young, and more especially, perhaps, to those verging towards old age, to abstain from all excesses, both bodily and mental, if they wish to enjoy a healthy and prolonged old age. Thus understood, I think it is a very useful maxim; but I entirely agree with Cicero (or Cato) in condemning it in its other, rather priggish, meaning. Sydenham Hill. F. CHANCE. HEBREW-LATIN GRAMMAR (7th S. vi. 287).-I have the following book in my library, respecting which I shall be happy to communicate with your correspondent J. H. M.: 'Wilhelmi Schickardi Horologium Ebræum sive Consilium,' printed at Ultrajectum by Joh. à Sambix, 1661. C. LEESON PRINCE. The Observatory, Crowborough, Sussex. St. Peter's Church, Church Street (parish church). St. Thomas's Church, Park Lane. St. Paul's Church, St. Paul's Square. St. Anne's Church, Great Richmond Street. St. James's Church, Parliament Street. St. John's Church, Haymarket. Trinity Church, Wavertree. St. George's Church, Everton. St. Mary's Church, Edge Hill, St. Michael's Church, Toxteth Park. St. Thomas's Church, Seaforth, Litherland. Liverpool, J. F. MANSERGH. DE BOHUN FAMILY (7th S. vi. 308).—The Mandevilles, Earls of Essex, bore arms, Gules, a swan argent, ducally collared and chained or (Lansdowne MS. 882). Maud Mandeville, heiress of her brothers, married Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. In the will of Eleanor de Bohun, Duchess of Gloucester, she bequeaths to her son Humphrey un psaultier, bien et richement enluminé, ove les claspes d'or enamailes oves cignes blank "; and to Swallowfield Park, Reading. CONSTANCE RUSSELL. Planché has gone thoroughly into the question of the De Bohuns and their connexion with this can find. The com 'Heraldry founded on Facts; or, the Pursuivant Water Orton. PHYSIQUE (7th S. vi. 248).-So far as dictionaries are concerned, this word does not appear in Johnson's Dict.' (1785), nor have I found it in various earlier dictionaries which I have consulted. J. F. MANSERGH. Liverpool. HERALDIC (7th S. vi. 248, 351).—The arms (Quarterly azure and gules, a cross engrailed ermine) about which MR. FRANCILLON inquires are those of Stoughton, of St. John's, co. Warwick, from co. Surrey. They were borne by Anthony Stoughton, 1619 (Harleian MSS., 1046, 1100, 1459; Additional MS. 14,311). The Surrey Stoughtons were descended from Henry de Stockton, who by royal licence imparked land at Stockton, 3 Edw. III., A.D. 1329. Nicholas Stoughton, the head of the house temp. Ch. II., was created a baronet 1661. The second baronet died, sine prole, 1692. The arms of the Surrey family were Azure, a cross engrailed ermine. The gules quarters introduced into the Warwickshire coat were "for difference" S. JAMES A. Salter. for a family branch. Basingfield, Basingstoke. 'THE HUNT IS UP' (7th S. vi. 329).-The verse quoted is from 'The Merry Drollery,' 1661, and the Academy of Compliments,' as stated by the late Mr. Chappell, F.S.A., in his 'Collection of National English Airs, Ancient Song, Ballad, and Dance Tunes, interspersed with Remarks and Anecdote,' London, 1840, 4to. His remarks fill more than two pages, 147-150, and contain earlier This is the most comversions than that quoted. The music is in the second part, No. cxcvi. plete account of the song with which I am acA shorter notice will be found in quainted. Halliwell's 'Dictionary,' under "Hunt's Up." Mr. Chappell quotes Ritson, English Songs'; begun to do, the ramifications and genesis of Douce, Illustrations of Shakspeare'; Oliphant's them, he might consider yet another sense in 'Musa Madrigalesca.' Burney's and Hawkins's which the word is used, the charge against an History of Music' might also be consulted. accused person and the charge of the judge to W. E. BUCKLEY. the jury. And I may refer him to some reLife of Wilkes,' vol. i. p. 119:marks by Chief Justice Pratt, as given in Almon's SLATE GRAVESTONES IN AMERICA (7th S. vi. 307). Since writing my query I have received one reply from a connexion-rector of a south Devon parish-which may interest some, to the effect that all the churchyards in his neighbourhood are full of dark slate gravestones, bearing date from 1600 onwards, and that they came from the slate of quarries at Bude and Tintagel, in north Cornwall, which are now nearly used up (good reason why so few new gravestones of slate are now used). Bideford used to be the port for America after Bristol. S. V. H. These are principally obtained from the quarries in Carnarvonshire, of which the chief seats are at Llanberris and Bethesda. The slate merchants in Liverpool usually keep in stock an assortment of sawn slabs suitable for gravestones and monuments. J. A. PICTON. Sandyknowe, Wavertree. I am able to tell the gentleman who writes from America inquiring about the use of slate gravestones, that slate is at the present day largely used for the purpose in question in Cornwall. At the vast slate quarries at Delabole, near Boscastle, not only mere headstones for graves, but elaborately carved altar tombstones are prepared in considerable quantities. The material, as S. V. H. observes, is excellently well adapted for the purpose. The inscriptions are finely cut and very durable, and the ornamental carving in the choicer specimens makes a very handsome appearance. T. ADOLPHUS TROLLOPE. Budleigh Salterton. The use of this material is not at all uncommon in many parts of England; in fact I noticed in St. Mary's churchyard (I think it was) in Leicester, only a few weeks ago, that nearly all the stones in this graveyard were of slate: and wherever this material abounds it is to be seen in liberal use. I cannot say that I prefer it myself; it always appears cold and formal, and never tones by age so freely as the Yorkshire, Portland, and some of the more compact sandstones do. These slate memorials are very liable to split if not of the best material. I have noticed a number of instances of this in Nuneaton churchyard. The answer to the question, “Whence did these slate slabs come?" would be found in first tracing the English home of the settlers recorded thereon. W. G. F. CHARGER (7th S. vi. 187, 218, 312).-May I venture to suggest to DR. CHANCE that in examining the divers uses of the words charger and charge, and illustrating, as he has in so interesting a manner CARAVAN CARRIAGE (7th S. vi. 126, 291).— We took up our carriages and went to Jerusalem" (Acts xxi. 15). Trench, in English, Past and Present,' Lecture IV., p. 176, says of this passage : "In our early English carriages did not mean things which carried us, but things which we carried; and 'we took up our carriages' implies no more than we took up translation more familiarly has it, and so went up to our baggage,' or we trussed up our fardels,' as an earlier Jerusalem.'" WETHERBY (7th S. vi. 308).--The termination by indicates the Danish origin of the name. The portion of the West Riding of Yorkshire in which this little town is situated contains a mixture of Danish and Saxon names of places, but the latter predominate. The Old Norse veðr may mean in English either weather or wether. If the former were the original it would signify the "windy site," which does not at all agree with the locality, situated in a sheltered valley on the banks of the Wharfe. In a pastoral district a reference to the fleecy flock is natural and probable. The word veer or wether being common to A.-S. and Danish, we may look for it in the Saxon as well as the Norse districts. Accordingly we find SWANS (7th S. vi. 307).—If G. M. had consulted any one of the editions of Yarrell's 'British Birds' he would have found, "In the language of swanherds, the male swan is called a cob, the female a pen." It seems possible that these names may be used only upon the Thames. The late Mr. Henry Stevenson, in his admirable account of 'The Mute Swan,' printed and circulated among his friends in advance of the publication of the third volume of his 'Birds of Norfolk,' says that they are unknown in that county. ALFRED NEWTON. Witt's 'Monsieur Guizot in Private Life.' Many refugee families purposely Anglicized their names by writing them in one word, while the surnames frequently suffered extraordinary corruptions. Des Vœux in Ireland was generally Vokes. JULIA K. L. DE VAYNES. PROVINCIAL PRONUNCIATION (7th S. vi. 284). I have been an ear-witness for many years to a very strange phase of this subject in the change of dialect and (particularly) tones amongst children varying from seven to fourteen years of age. In a large public institution located on the borders of Essex, in which during the last twenty years and more there have been but very few instances of children from the county, and in which neither officials nor domestics originally hailed from it either, but where the children are still, and have always been, from nearly all other parts of the kingdom, especially the more northern and southern strong dialect counties in varied proall have for years past had in a greater or less deportions, to the total number of some 300, nearly gree the Essex "twang" strongly marked in the blue, true, through, &c., which become blew, trew, pronunciation of many words, particularly such as threw, &c., with the heavy stress on the e (almost a double e), and a peculiar twist of the w after it. This peculiarity, which pervades the whole, it has been found practically impossible to eradicate, and it is the more remarkable as the children have not at any time come in any direct or lengthened contact with the "natives" outside, and it is not found that those of larger growth, who naturally do experience such contact, contract the habit. Another curious feature is that the peculiarity first showed itself immediately on the removal of the institution, now only some four miles on the Essex side of the county boundary, over the border from its former location, some two miles on the Middlesex side, where the " cockney" peculiarity was "RADICAL REFORM " (7th S. v. 228, 296; vi. 137, 275).--The clever anagram of "Radical re-equally observable. form" (viz., "rare mad frolic") in the once popular 'Boys' Own Book' proves that at the date of the publication of that work (now at least seventy years back) it was a familiar phrase. E. VENABLES. MR. TROLLOPE says:— R. W. HACKWOOD. "Walter Savage Landor used to drop his aspirates. It is difficult to suppose that he did so in early life. The defect was probably the result of long residence in Italy." which county the aspirated his unknown. Did He was born at Ipsley Court, Warwickshire, in MR. TROLLOPE ever see 'The Humble Petition of Poor Letter H to the people of Warwickshire?? In the adjacent parts of Staffordshire and throughout the greater part of Yorkshire the aspirate is rarely heard. J. DIXON. "IF THE MOUNTAIN WILL NOT GO TO MAHOMET, LET MAHOMET GO TO THE MOUNTAIN" (7th S. vi. 149).-The following is interesting, though it does not answer MR. MARSHALL'S query. According to an editorial note in an old volume of the Amsterdam Navorscher, the above proverb occurs on p. 233 of a collection of poems published in 1782 under the title of 'Mengelwerken,' by the Dutch poet J. Nomsz. The passage in question runs as follows: Dewyl de heuvel niet tot Mohammed wil komen Dat Mohammed, gedwee, dan tot den heuvel ga. L. L. K. NEWELL (7th S. iv. 448; vi. 216).—I am indebted to the REV. J. F. CHANTER for his kind reply to my inquiry respecting the family of Newell, which I have read with much interest. Any further particulars of the family I should be grateful at any time to receive. I am especially anxious to discover the date of birth and other circumstances relating to the life of the father of the Rev. J. Newell, of whom the REV. J. F. CHANTER writes. lived, as I have recently ascertained, at Uplyme, and served, I believe, in the British fleet opposed to the Spanish Armada. I. E. C. CARTMEL (7th S. vi. 249).—Camden's 'Britannia (1695), col. 795, has :— He viii. 130; x. 33, where the yard (of beer) is explained. This is probably the same. JULIAN MARSHALL, AUTHOR OF BOOK SOUGHT (7th S. vi. 347).—I have a copy of this work in front of me, in which, after the signature "The Author" at the end of the preface, is written by some former owner the word "Beaufoy," implying, as I read it, that this was the author's real name. G. EGERTON, Lieut. Hythe, Kent. This work is attributed to Henry Beaufoy in Halkett and Laing's Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature.' The author was probably the son of Mark Beaufoy, of whom see Dictionary of National Biography, vol. iv. p. 51. DANIEL HIPWELL. 34, Myddelton Square, Clerkenwell. BANDS IN BATTLE (7th S. vi. 147).—I do not 'think that any of our regiments took their bands out to the Crimea. I know that in the cavalry they were all broken up, and that only a small proportion of trumpeters (I think one per troop) went out with each regiment. F. D. H. "In the 228th year after the coming in of the Saxons ......Egfrid, King of the Northumbrians, gave to St. Cuthbert the land called Carthmell, and all the Britains in it; for so it is related in his life. Now Carthmell, every one knows, was a part of this County [Lancashire] near Kentsand; and a little town in it keeps that very name to this day, wherein William Mareschal the elder, Earl of Pembroke, built a Priory and endow'd it." Baines, in his 'History of Lancashire,' s. v. "Cartmel," says:— "The etymology of the place is allowed to be British, and derived from Kert, a camp or fortification, and mell, a fell or small mountain, combined-a fortress amongst the felle." Liverpool. J. F. MANSERGH. Kertmell is the spelling of the name in the twelfth century, when the Earl of Pembroke founded the priory. Kert is said to mean a camp, and mell a fell or small mountain. Egfrid, King of Northumberland, gave it, with all the Britons inhabiting it, in 677 to St. Cuthbert, bishop of that district. It is a fair inference that Cartmel became an ecclesiastical centre after that event. M.A.Oxon. ELL (7th S. vi. 287).-I think that the mason means by his ell wall the wall at the end closing all in, which is not the case with the party walls of the interior. A yard, as a measure of liquids, has been discussed many times in 'N. & Q., of which a fair specimen can be seen at 4th S. iii. 179, carrying the subject back to the time of Evelyn. An ell of beer, say, is probably an improvement upon the familiar yard of beer. ED. MARSHALL. For ell (of beer) see 'N. & Q.,' 6th S. v. 368, 394, 456; vi. 77, 257, 278, 299; vii. 18, 476; "No productions of a poetical or metrical character his lifetime...... It was not till twelve years after his were given to the public from the author's pen during decease that any portion of them appeared in print. His widow and grandson being then alive, it was in all probability by their sanction that they were then suffered to come forth. In the year 1719 a volume appeared under the title of Poems upon Divine and Moral Subjects, Originals and Translations, by Symon Patrick, late Lord Bishop of Ely, and other Eminent Hands.' The pieces to which the name of Bishop Patrick are attached have been extracted from that collection, added to which are translations of the 15th, 28th, and 30th Psalms, and of the Te Deum,' now printed for the first time from the originals, still extant among the author's papers, in his own handwriting. The extreme rarity of this volume has no doubt been the means of these pieces having hitherto held a less prominent place among the poetic literature of their age than their intrinsic worth entitled them to take." The lines inquired about are not among those printed in vol. ix. of Bishop Patrick's Works.' |