denote the steam from a newly-made haystack. He is a Kentish man. THORNFIELD. Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct. CHARGER.-Can this word, in sense of horse used in a charge, or ridden by an officer, be found before Campbell's 'Battle of Hohenlinden,' December, 1800? It is frequent in Scott, Byron, and other poets soon after; but it was unknown to Dr. Johnson and to all the editions of Phillips, Kersey, Bailey (1721-1800), to Ash, &c. Todd, who added the word to Johnson in 1818, cites Kersey for it, but apparently through some mistake. Was it an army term picked up by Campbell, or did he originate the use? J. A. H. MURRAY. The Scriptorium, Oxford. CHARTIST.-I shall be glad of information as to the first use of chartist and chartism, and early quotations for both words. They are said to occur in the Annual Register of 1838. Will some one send me them? Is it known who invented the terms, and were they originally assumed by the advocates of the People's Charter, or bestowed by others upon them? I find that charterism was an early (and natural) synonym of chartism, and I suppose that charterist may as naturally have been first used for chartist, but I have no example. Facts bearing on the matter will be gladly received. The Scriptorium, Oxford. J. A. H. MURRAY. STATEMENT CONCERNING EARLY CHRISTIANS.— "The early Christians were accustomed to bid their dying friends 'Good night,' so sure were they of their awakening on the Resurrection morning." What authority is there for this statement? G. H. T. NOTHINGARIAN.-I should be glad if MR. W. ROBERTS or any other correspondent could give a quotation for this expressive epithet, which I came to know in Scotland and am inclined to believe to be a Scotticism. I am not sure whether it is as old as the 'Ochtertyre Papers.' NOMAD. LORD ARCHIBALD HAMILTON died on Sept. 4, 1827, in the Upper Mall, Hammersmith. I wish to know where he was buried, and, if possible, to obtain a copy of the inscription on his tomb. Can any readers of N. & Q.' kindly help me? G. F. R. B. WILLIAM CARTWRIGHT.—In "The Playhouse Pocket Companion, or Theatrical Vade-mecum, &c., London, Printed and sold by Richardson & J. Wenman, No. 144, Fleet Street; and J. Urquhart, under the Royal Exchange, Cornhill ; Southern, in St. James's Street," 12mo., 1779 the Stage'), it is said on the back of the dedication (for rest of title see Mr. Lowe's 'Bibliography of to "The Pit," which follows the title-page, that the Plays and Poems of William Cartwright? are printing by subscription in two neat pocket volumes, price seven shillings, with notes, &c., by the author of the Critical History of the English Stage' prefixed to the work. Is anything known · of this edition or of its editor? URBAN. OLD RULE FOR LATIN VERSES.-I remember my father dictating to me the following couplet, containing a rule for making Latin verses, and adding that they were current in his day at the Charterhouse School, towards the end of the last century: Carmina non bona sunt, sine "nunc," sine " tunc," sine "quando," SAMUEL FOOTE is said in the "Life" by John Bee prefixed to his 'Works,' in 3 vols., 1830, to have been the son of Samuel and Ellen Foote, of Truro, and to have been born in a house long known as Johnson Vivian's. Cooke, his biographer, says the father's name was John, and is followed by the 'Biographia Dramatica,' Chalmers's 'Biographical Dictionary,' &c. As the father was Commissioner of the Prize Office and Fine Contract, &c., this contradiction is capable of being settled. Is John-Have these lines ever been in print before, and are they to be found in any medieval grammarian; or are they part and parcel of unwritten and traditional Carthusian school "lore"? son Vivian's still known in Truro ? URBAN. ROBERT DUNBART.-I should be glad to have any information about this engraver. His name does not appear in Redgrave. He appears to have engraved the portrait of Jonas Hanway by Edward Edwards which hangs in the committee-room of the Marine Society. G. F. R. B. BREMBELSHET OR BREMSCHAT FAMILY.-Where can I find some details of the descent of this family, who were lords of the manor of Bramshott, Hants? E. H. W. DUNKIN. Kidbrooke Park, Blackheath. Quandoquidem," E. WALFORD, M.A. 5 P.M. Of course this is not Stroud in Gloucestershire. There is, however, a Stroud Green two miles west of Staines, so he probably came through Reading, over Loddon Bridge, through Bracknell, across Ascot Heath, along Sunning Hill, and by Virginia Gate. Was this Stroud Green known as a coaching place of old? I have traced the old Roman road to Silchester, called the Portway, in this locality, and propose to connect the name Stroud etymologically with street as a common form of the Welsh ystrad. Cf. also strid for stride as a water passage; and see the mutation of Strat-ford into Stort-ford, whence the river Stort, and Stroud Water, the river Frome, as secondary applications. We have also Strood at the old water passage from Rochester, Kent. A. HALL. 13, Paternoster Row, E.C. "TIB AND TOM."-Apropos of the recent discussion concerning tom-cat, will some one kindly tell me to what Randolph alludes in these lines in his 'Hermaphrodite' ('Works,' ed. 1875, p. 640)?— That gamester needs must overcome That can play both Tib and Tom. The poem was first printed in 1653. C. C. B. [In the game of Gleek, Tib is the ace of trumps and Tom the knave.] LORD CHANCELLOR HARCOURT.-Why is Lord Harcourt's first wife styled "Rebecca, Lady Astry," in Doyle's 'Official Baronage,' vol. ii. p. 113? She was the daughter of the Rev. Thomas Clark, his father's chaplain, and the marriage, which was clandestine, took place about 1677. She was buried at Chipping Norton May 16, 1687. G. F. R. B. HERALDIC.-Will any of your readers kindly assist me in tracing the following coat of arms, on a piece of plate engraved apparently about one hundred years ago? The plate came out of Norfolk, and might belong to the Hase family or their connexions. Field, Ermine; between three martlets proper a chevron gules charged with three crosses fleuris (a lozenge). W. J. CHAPLAIN IN THE PENINSULAR ARMY.-A granduncle of mine was a chaplain in the army of Wellington in Spain at the beginning of this century. He caught fever in attending the sick soldiers, and died at Badajoz or Ciudad Rodrigo. In what books or newspapers should I be likely to find any mention of the circumstance? He was so highly esteemed that a monument was erected to his memory in Spain. J. W. HARDMAN, LL.D. WHICH IS THE OLDEST MILITARY CORPS IN THE WORLD?-Is not the Honourable Artillery Company of London the oldest corps now existing in the world? It was stated at the Armada Ter centenary at Plymouth that really it dated its origin from the train bands of the time of William Rufus, and so was nearly eight hundred years old; but even taking the date of the charter of Henry VIII. this would give it a greater antiquity than any European regiment. All the feudal armies of the Continent have been dissolved long ago, and, if I mistake not, from revolutions or mutinies most of those of the Armada period. The place where one might find rivals to the Honourable Artillery Company would be, I should suggest, in Persia or China; but I do not know if there are there any very ancient corps. The idea of the Honourable Artillery corps is one not uncommon in medieval cities, but stamped out in modern times. The question of "Which is the oldest military corps in the world?" is very interesting. W. S. LACH-SZYRMA. Newlyn. BAY BERRIES.-To what use did the ancients devote the fruit of the sweet bay, Laurus nobilis, L., the Lauri baccas of Virgil? I do not find anything said of them in our cookery books, but presume they were eaten as a condiment. In this part of England the plant rises to thirty or forty feet in height, and often bears abundantly. R. C. A. P. M. D. DAVIS. | Replies. HUNTING HORNS. (6th S. x. 383, 504; xi. 113; xii. 72, 230, 496; 7th S. vi. 151.) The Ripon horn has, I think, nothing to do with hunting. Thomas Gent, in his 'History of Rippon,' 1733, tells us as follows: "It was indeed the Custom of the Vigillarius, or Wakeman, to order, That a Horn should be blown every Night, at Nine of the Clock: And if any House, or Shop, was broke open and robb'd, after that Blowing of the Horn. 'till the Rising of the Sun; why then, the Loss was obliged to be made good to the suffering Inhabitant. For this Obligation, or Insurance, every Housholder used to pay Four Pence a Year; but if there was a Backdoor to another Street, from whence double Danger might be suppos'd, then it was to be Eight Pence. That still they persevere to blow the Horn, at the said Hour Tax [a kind of Police-rate] is since discontinu'd: But of the Night; three Times at the Mayor's Door, and thrice at the Market-Cross." In Charleton's 'Newcastle Town,' p. 161, the RELIGIOUS ANOINTING.-What was the primi-"White Hart Inn" is mentioned as being the tive idea underlying the practice, common to so fashionable tavern of the town, temp. 1751:— many religions, of anointing sacred things and persons with oil, ghee, chrism, or other unctuous matter? A. SMYTHE PALMER. "The gentlemen of the Newcastle Hunt, on the first day of the season, met at Debord's with great parade, and with French horns, and much music and smacking of whips." In all likelihood this would continue until the end of the last or into the early part of the present century. In one of the illustrations to Somerville's Chase' there is the bell of a French horn seen below the right arm, at the back of the huntsman; and in the museum at Kelso there are two, measuring 16 in. in diameter outside, 14 in. inside, and 9 in. across the bell. There is no information as to where they came from. However, Bewick, who was so accurate an observer of everything connected with rural life, would hardly have introduced anything not in actual use. As to when straight horns were substituted for curly ones, is it not probable that both were used? In a copy of an old view of Alnwick Castle, probably the early part of the last century, there is a fox-hunt going on in the foreground, the fox des From the mention of prints of the old-fashioned LEATHER COINS (7th S. vi. 64).-There is a "To lend anything to a man of a delicate sense of honour, a courtier for instance, is always more or less offensive to his feelings; wherefore the man of delicate sensibility seeks to pardon the insult by dismissing the whole affair from his memory......Rude young squires, on the contrary, and officers on the march, really pay outright, and, as in Algiers, where every one possesses the right of coining, they stamp their own species of money for paying their debts. In Malta a leathern coin of the value of eightpence is current, on which is stamped this motto, non essed fides.' With a similar Muscovy leather coin, though not round, but drawn out in length, like the money of Sparta, and therefore more usually occurring under the name of horse-whips and dog-whips, the landed proprietors and village nobility pay their coachmen, Jews, carpenters, and all their other creditors until they are satisfied." C. C. B. In 'Manx Currency,' by C. Clay, M.D., vol. xvii. of the publications of the Manx Society, pp. 23-26, is some account of leather coinage. Dr. Clay quotes from 'Maundeville's Voiage' (London, 1737), p. 287, "This Emperour (of Tartary) makethe no money but of lether emprented, or of papyre." He also refers to Archeologia, vol. xiii. pp. 187, 188; N. & Q.,' 2nd S. vi. 460; and to a subsequent note signed ACHE (who quotes Camden's Britain, 1629, p. 165); Norfolk Archæology,' 1849, vol. ii. p. 305; but the quotations are too long to give. Dr. Clay's conclusion is "that leather money was frequently resorted to in England." ERNEST B. Savage, F.S.A, St. Thomas, Douglas, Isle of Man, "At Alexandria was invented the most elegant and durable representative of value ever devised, the glass money issued by the Fatimite Sultans, dating from the tenth century. It consists of thick disks of green glass, bearing a legend in letters raised in characters of red enamel."-King's 'Natural History of Precious Stones,' p. 362. H. J. MOULE. Dorchester. Prof. Church, in his 'Carthage; or, the Empire of Africa,' says:— mention a curious statement about what has been 50, Agate Road, The Grove, Hammersmith, W. 66 CASTOR GO-CART (7th S. iv. 507; v. 54, 294, 493; vi. 93).-The go-cart is among my earliest recollections. The one in my mother's nursery was a hollow truncated cone of basketwork, which was made to run upon castors. The little prisoner who was popped into it, or rather over whom it was popped, and whose unaided limbs were too weak to support his body, put under his armpits, while his feet just touched was upheld by the upper circle of the cone being the floor. The go-cart was thus a kind of self-acting crutch. The greater width of the lower circle always kept the centre of gravity safely within the base, and it acted at the same time as a fender. Both upsets and harmful collisions were thus guarded against. Go-carts, I believe, were doomed by the doctors, who objected to children being prematurely forced into the second stage of human life described in the riddle of the Sphinx. They may be right, but I am sure none of us ever got any harm from their use. In the 'Euvres Complètes de Michel-Ange,' published by Didot, Paris, 1863, there is a plate (No. 78) in which the artist has depicted himself old age. in a go-cart, in the second childhood of extreme R. M. SPENCE, M.A. Manse of Arbuthnott N.B. word for an enclosed lane or place in country or city. LOKE (7th S. vi. 128).—This is a common Norfolk See Marshall's 'Rural Economy of Norfolk,' 2 vols. 8vo. 1787, where, in its place in the glossary (vol. ii. pp. 373-392), is "Loke, sb., a close narrow lane"; and see Spurden's vol. iii. of Forby's "The Vocabulary of East Anglia,' Norwich, 1858, "Loke, 8., a cul-de-sac, generally a private green road leading to fielden." The word is, it seems, pronounced with a long o, riming to stroke, but it is simply a locked or enclosed place, from the old verb lucan, to lock, and closely connected with the later verb loken, to lock. Compare Cadmon, ii. 302, p. 176, in Bouterwek, "lucan mid listum locen waldendes"; to lock with deceits the loke (enclosure) of the Almighty," i. e, heaven. One might, I suppose, compare Beowulf's bán-lócan, the bone-case, or flesh or body, with a slightly varied sense. O. W. TANCOCK. R. R. describes with great accuracy a child's go-cart, observing that fifty or sixty years ago he often used to see it, but "it appears to be quite unknown to the present generation." It may possibly interest R. R., or others who are curious" in noting the change of manners and customs, to know that such machines as he describes with perfect accuracy may be seen at the present dayand any day-in any village street or country town in Italy-perhaps hardly now in the larger cities. T. A. T. Budleigh Salterton. In continuation of the remarks upon castors,we used and always spoke of a cruet stand on small rollers as the castors" when I was young. We also have a mahogany cheese waggon, divided down the middle, and with brass castors, which could be pushed about the table or floor. I have seen these in use in Wiltshire farmhouses and inns quite recently, also a smaller undivided one for bread. They were frequently used at the market dinners in the hotels, as being easily passed round for the guests to help themselves. A. L. CLARK, Bedford Park. ROYAL ARMS IN CHURCHES (7th S. vi. 89).This was the subject of a query by E. M. in 1st S. v. 559, which was followed by replies in vi. 62, 88, 108, 178, 227, 517; ix. 327. The same query was asked by M. D. in 4th S. xii. 287. In reply, p. 354, E. H. DUNKIN sent a copy of a licence of Abp. Abbot, then first appearing in print, enjoining that, inter alia, churches ought to be adorned and beautified especially with his Majesty's arms, Oct. 24, 1631. At p. 437 there was a reply from myself, giving most of the available information other than in the previous replies, and showing from Burnet's 'Hist. of the Reform.' that the earliest known instance of the setting up of the royal_arms (not such as occur in glass, noticed by MR. ELLACOMBE at vi. 62 supr.) was in February, 1547, the month after the death of Henry VIII. There is, I think, no absolute authority to be brought for them; but the parish register of Warrington, July 30, 1660, mentions an injunction of the "Great Counsell of England" for their being set up in all churches, of which I have never seen the verification (see p. 437). ED. MARSHALL. [Other correspondents write to the same effect.] Norwich. lock, Forby has "Loke, s., a short narrow turn-again lane. A.-S. loc, clausula (a closing up)." The word is in every-day use in Norfolk. My house is bounded on the north by a lokeway leading HIC ET UBIQUE. to from Anglia,' under the above word:— The following is from Nall's 'Dialect of East road closed with gates, or through which there is no "A blind alley, shaded lane, narrow pass, a private thoroughfare. Loke, past part. of locked. Also a door hatch. A.-S. locen, an enclosure, boundary; Isl. loka, to shut. Lokk, a dingle which is not very steep, a hollow. Lagger, a broad green lane not used as a road. Heref. dial. Sussex, a green or wooded bank." Link Broadway, Worcestershire. ALGERNON GISSING. [MR. JULIUS STEGGALL refers to Halliwell, and MR. G. H. THOMPSON to Halliwell and to Jamieson, adding that in Northumberland the word has the meaning of a small quantity.] there was published by Ward & Co., Paternoster RELIGIOUS ANECDOTES (7th S. vi. 87).-In 1850 Row, an octavo volume entitled the Cyclopædia of Moral and Religious Anecdotes: a Collection of nearly Three Thousand Facts, Incidents, NarraK. Arvine, A.M., of New York; the English editives, Examples, and Testimonies,' &c., by the Rev. tion being edited by the Rev. John Flesher, of stinence" and ends with some of "Zeal in doing London. The book begins with anecdotes of "Abgood." Liverpool. J. F. MANSERGH. "CHANTE PLEURES (7th S. vi. 127).—When DR. MURRAY is at a loss, there is small encouragement for "fools 66 to rush in." He, of course, knows how Cotgrave translates the word; "a garden Pot, or Gardners watering Pot," &c. The difficulty is that, in nearly all the senses given by |