The Heat Balance of the Earth's Surface

air layer air temperature albedo amount of evaporation annual march Annual variations atmosphere average Berliand Budyko carbon dioxide Central Geophysical Observatory changes climate climatological calculations clouds coefficient of exchange components of heat considerably continental climate determining evaporation diurnal diurnal variations earth's surface effective outgoing radiation error evap evaporimeters exchange coefficient exchange in soil expenditure of heat formula geographical gradient heat balance components heat for evaporation humidity hydrosphere INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANENSIS investigations isolines kg-cal/cm²/month kg-cal/cm²/year latitudes loss of heat maps march of heat MDCCCXX mean values meteorological method for calculating methods for determining moistening nomogram observations obtained ocean surface period radiation balance regions relation equation relationship relative error runoff saturation deficit SIGILLUM soil moisture Southern Hemisphere specific humidity total radiation Trudy turbulent exchange turbulent heat emission turbulent heat exchange underlying surface UNIVERSITATIS USSR values of radiation variations of heat water balance water reservoirs water surface wind speed zones Zubenok